* adds unit to the power port draw #13587
* review changes #13587
* moved units to header #13587
* Abbreviate unit for consistency with e.g. PowerFeedTable available_power column
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Add primary_ip4 and primary_ip6 filters for VirtualMachine and VirtualDeviceContext filtersets (#13936)
* Add PrimaryIPFilterSet to __all__
---------
Co-authored-by: Artem I. Kotik <artem.i.kotik@ringcentral.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Add manufacturer for filters in the virtual machine and device #12741
* reverse the filtersets of device and vm
* revert the filtersets of vm
* add advance selector in platform
* remove manufacture from imports
* 14025 fix script name checking
* 14025 fix script name checking
* 14025 add file extension validation and simplify get logic
* 14025 match start of string with regex
* 14025 backout changes to model_forms
* 14025 add filepatch checking to reports
* Catch AssertionError's in signals. Handle accordingly
* Alter cable logic to handle certain additional path types.
* Fix failures and add test
* More tests
* Remove not needed tests, add additional tests
* Finish tests, correct some behaviour
* Add check for mid-span device not allowed condition
* Remove excess import
* Remove logging import
* Remove logging import
* Minor tweaks based on Arthur's feedback
* Update netbox/dcim/tests/test_cablepaths.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Update netbox/dcim/models/cables.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Changes to account for required SVG rendering changes and based on feedback
* More tweaks for cable path checking
* Improve handling of links with multi-terminations
* Improved SVG rendering of multiple rear ports (with positions) per path trace. Include asymmetric path detection
* Include missing assert to ensure links are same type.
* Clean up tests
* Remove unused objects from tests
* Changes requested to tests and update comments/doctstrings
* Fix parent reference
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Update VLANGroup bulk edit form to support all scope types
* Fixes#13843: Fix scope assignment for VLAN groups during bulk edit
* Add missed static file
* Restore graphiql static assets
* 12685 use markdown for custom fields added to form
* 13809 change markdown to use utilities
* Add help_text for CustomField description indicating Markdown support
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Fixes#11209 - Do not add available ips when IPAddressTable sort preferences are saved
* Refine check to account scenario right after clearing ordering string
* Introduce get_table_ordering() utility to determine intended ordering given a request
* Apply fix to VLAN ranges as well
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Adding documentation to 6-LDAP to display how to allow Active Directory logins with or without the user UPN suffix.
* Correcting misspellings and clarifying explanations
* Updating sections to include sample template
* Misc revisions
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds csv dialect detection to bulk import view #13239
* adds sane delimiters for dialect detection #13239
* adds csv delimiter tests #13239
* adds csv delimiter on the form
* pass delimiter to clean_csv method #13239
* fix tests for csv import #13239
* fix tests for csv import #13239
* fix tests for csv import #13239
* fix tests for csv import #13239
* Improve auto-detection of import data format
* Misc cleanup
* Include tab as a supported delimiting character for auto-detection
* Move delimiting chars to a separate constant for easy reference
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Fixes: #13682 - Fix custom field exceptions and validation
* Add tests
* Remove default setting for multi-select/multi-object and return slice of choices and annotate.
* Remove redundant default choice valiadtion; introduce values property on CustomFieldChoiceSet
* Refactor test
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds interface rename button on the list page #13444
* adds rename view on all device components #13564
* Condense component views to a single template
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Add `vc_interfaces` flag to control interface queryset
* Fix test failure
* Add new filters instead of using undocumented query params
* Cleanup filterset, add test
* Rename filter and re-introduce virtual_chassis filtering method (required)
* Fix test
* Adjust tests to more accurately provide coverage
* Add breaking change note
* Misc cleanup
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 12489 use htmx for site view locations and non-racked-devices
* 12489 remove now unused queries in context
* adds device type and role to device component filter #12015
* Revert "Fixes #12463: Fix the association of completed jobs with reports & scripts in the REST API"
This reverts commit a29a07ed26.
* 12489 update nonracked_devices on rack and location templates
* 12489 fix whitespace issue
* Undo errant commits
* 12489 update site id in templates
* 12489 remove nonracked_devices include
* 12489 add has_position filter
* Use empty lookup for position field
* Remove non-racked devices list from rack view (was moved to a tab)
* Clean up location and device tables
* Restore plugins block on rack template
---------
Co-authored-by: Abhimanyu Saharan <desk.abhimanyu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds parent filter on iprange #13313
* lint fix
* adds filterset test
* Filter should match both start & end of IP range
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
Anonymous git clones (in GitLab) require the username and password not
to be set in order to successfully clone. This patch will define clone
args only, if the username passed is not empty.
* adds config template to vm model #12461
* Add translation tags; collapse config data
* i18n cleanup
* Establish parity with DeviceRenderConfigView
* Move config_template field to RenderConfigMixin
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Fixes#12639 - Make sure name expansions throws a validation error on decrementing ranges
* Fix pep8
* Also fail on equal start & end values
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 13319 add documentation for internationalization
* 13319 add verbose name to model
* 13319 fix typo
* Flesh out developer doc for i18n
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Schema generation is working
* Added option to either dump to a file or the console
* Moving schema file and utilizing settings definition for file paths
* Cleaning up the imports and fixing a few pythonic issues
* Tweak command flags
* Clean up choices mapping
* Misc cleanup
* Rename & move template file
* Move management command from extras to dcim
* Update release checklist
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* exposes all models in device context data #12814
* added app namespaces to the context data
* revert object to device in context data
* moved context to render method of ConfigTemplate
* removed print
* Include only registered models; permit passed context data to overwrite apps
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds standardized list API for scripts and reports #13037
* adds standardized list API for scripts and reports #13037
* adds standardized list API for scripts and reports #13037
* adds module name to the display #13037
* replaces device_role with role on device model #6391
* fixes lint issue #6391
* revert the database user
* revert test_runner comment
* changes as per review
* Update references to device_role column in UserConfigs
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds custom field on webhook model #11936
* adds tags on webhook model #11936
* Remove extraneous import; revert change to NetBoxModelForm (no longer needed)
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Initial work on custom field choice sets
* Rename choices to extra_choices (prep for #12194)
* Remove CustomField.choices
* Add & update tests
* Clean up table columns
* Add order_alphanetically boolean for choice sets
* Introduce ArrayColumn for choice lists
* Show dependent custom fields on choice set view
* Update custom fields documentation
* Introduce ArrayWidget for more convenient editing of choices
* Incorporate PR feedback
* Misc cleanup
* Initial work on predefined choices for custom fields
* Misc cleanup
* Add IATA airport codes
* #13241: Add support for custom field choice labels
* Restore ArrayColumn
* Misc cleanup
* Change extra_choices back to a nested ArrayField to preserve choice ordering
* Hack to bypass GraphQL API test utility absent support for nested ArrayFields
* Add Brazilian power outlet standard to choices.py
* Eliminate possible name conflict
* Rename group and add IEC 60906-1 plug type
* Update choices.py
Add Brazilian power port standard
* initial oob_ip support for devices
* add primary ip and oob ip checkmark to ip address view
* add oob ip to device view and device edit view
* pep8
* make is_oob_ip and is_primary_ip generic for other models
* refactor oob_ip
* fix oob ip signal
* string capitalisation
* Misc cleanup
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
Move admin views for users, groups, and object permissions from the admin site to the NetBox frontend
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* fixes form rendering when scheduling_enabled is disabled #13096
* Remove requires_input property from BaseScript; render form consistently
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds copy content button #12499
* adds newline
* Omit hash mark from target string
* Clean up HTML element IDs
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Fixes#11335: Default manager for ObjectChange should filter by installed apps
* Employ canonical model discovery mechanism
* Move filtering logic to valid_models() queryset method
* fixed import to avoid content type does not exist
* Cleanup
---------
Co-authored-by: Abhimanyu Saharan <desk.abhimanyu@gmail.com>
Partially revert 41c92483a0 to restore
bulk edit with m2m fields. The m2m cleaned_data yields a empty queryset
when nothing is selected. By setting the m2m relation unless set null is
checked even when nothing is selected the m2m relation is always
cleared.
This commit only sets the m2m relation when a selection is made.
* Initial work on #11541
* Merge migrations
* Limit tags by object type during assignment
* Add tests for object type validation
* Fix form field parameters
* 12175 add rack starting unit
* 12175 rack starting unit to svg
* verify devices can still fit if change rack starting_unit
* 12175 fix migration
* 12175 fix typo and test
* 12175 fix test
* 12175 fix max height calc display
* Misc cleanup & fixes
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 12794 change User ref to get_user_model
* 12794 call get_user_model once in tests
* 12794 call get_user_model once in tests
* 12794 use settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL for FK reference
* Issue #12622: Fix creating Prefix using VLAN without site
* Issue #12622: Fix importing Prefix using VLAN without site
This commit also adds tests to verify the import changes implemented
in this commit.
* Issue #12622: Cleanup code to filter allowed VLANs on a prefix import
* Closes#12622: Switch to VLAN selector dialog when creating Prefix
* fixes incorrectly handled type error when list of objects is found in data #9876
* fixes incorrectly handled type error when list of objects is found in data #9876
* fixes incorrectly handled type error when list of objects is found in data #9876
* adds device type and role to device component filter #12015
* changes as per review
* Add filterset tests for device type & role filters
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 7503 do device validate-create in serial
* 7503 fix single instance
* 7503 atomic transaction
* 7503 fix return data for bulk operations
* 7503 add test
* Move sequential creation logic to a mixin
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds hide-if-unset to custom field #12597
* moved hide logic from template to python
* fix indentation
* Update logic for omit_hidden under get_custom_fields()
* Update docs
* Account for False values
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Closes#11619: Allow VLANs without a site during multi-port edits
This commit allows users to be able to select VLANs without a site assignment
during bulk interfaces edits under Devices > DEVICE COMPONENTS > Interfaces.
Prior to this commit, only VLANs that were assigned the same site as the device
were available for selection.
* Replace 'null' with FILTERS_NULL_CHOICE_VALUE constant
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds rq retry options #12327
* Clean up docs; disable retries of failed jobs by default
* Pass a Retry object only if RQ_RETRY_MAX is non-zero
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Convert power draw/max draw to PositiveIntegerField
* Closes#11017: Increase maximum power draw
* Rename migration file for clarity
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 12468 disallow double underscores in custom field names
* 12468 disallow double underscores in custom field names
* 12468 review changes
* 12468 correct migration
* 12468 use inverse match
* 12468 use inverse match
* Add test for invalid custom field names
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Add REMOTE_AUTH_AUTOCREATE_GROUPS
When REMOTE_AUTH_AUTOCREATE_GROUPS is True, Netbox will create groups
referenced in the REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_HEADER that don't exist in the
database.
Closes#7671
* Fix naming of parameter
Apply the fix requested by kkthxbye-code in https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/pull/8603
---------
Co-authored-by: Lars Kellogg-Stedman <lars@oddbit.com>
* moves related ips to a tab #12233
* Refactor IP address templates to use a base template
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds tooltip on custom field #12131
* adds description field check
* fixed field name
* updated code to match the panel
* added escape filter on description
* 11670: Add optional weight to DeviceType import
This is 1 of 2 commits to address issue #11670
To maintain consistency, the import design of the DeviceType weight follows the
same pattern used for importing weight and weight units in DCIM Racks.
* Closes#11670: Add weight to ModuleType import
This is commit 2 of 2 to address and close#11670.
To maintain consistency, the import design of the ModuleType weight follows the
same pattern used for importing weight and weight units in DCIM Racks.
* Merge tests; misc cleanup
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* replaced device type weight with device total weight #12286
* replaced device type weight with device total weight #12286
* Update netbox/templates/dcim/device.html
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Fixes: #11715 - Fix Parent Prefix table display of global vrf prefixes that are **not** containers.
* Combine AND into a single Q object
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* adds description to elevation device tooltip #11801
* changes as per review
* changes as per review
* Rearrange attrs, add headings, and update docstring
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 12363 update paragraph spacing on journal table
* 12363 make css rule generic
* 12363 change p tag to only effect last-child
* 12363 change p table spacing to .5em
* 12363 move comment
* Fixes: #10757 - Change interface assignment to use new selector. Perform the same change to the NAT assignment as well.
* Remove nat_vrf from form and remove query_params that are not required anymore
* enable markdown in custom field descriptions
* Closes#10759: Enable markdown support for custom field descriptions
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Intial. 2 ways the racknavigation displayed
* show active rack in dropdown
* auto hide/show when viewport reduces
* Dropdown only
* Update links to use get_absolute_url()
---------
Co-authored-by: Pieter Lambrecht <pieter.lambrecht@sentia.com>
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* #12278 add serializer for ipaddressfield to remove spectacular warnings
* #12278 add ipaddressfieldserializer to nested serializers
* #12278 fix to_internal_value to_representation in serializer
* #12278 to_internal_value is called before validation! need to raise validation error if incorrect format
* #12278 to_internal_value needs to return value doh
* #12278 move IPAddressField to field_serializers
* #12278 remove old import
* 12278 remove validator
* Clean up base modules
* Clean up forms modules
* Clean up templatetags modules
* Replace custom simplify_decimal filter with floatformat
* Misc cleanup
* Merge ReturnURLForm into ConfirmationForm
* Clean up import statements for utilities.forms
* Fix field class references in docs
* 11432 make device field on interface read-only on api edit call
* 11432 make device field on interface read-only on api edit call
* 11432 extend serializer change to mixin
* 11432 add readonlydevicemixin to template serializers
* 11432 change subclass ordering
* 11432 fix device_type for template serializers
* 11432 DRY
* 11432 DRY
* 11432 make internal var
* 11432 change to model-level validation
* 11432 fix fk accessor
* Clean up validation error messages
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 11091 add permission to allow user to create api tokens for other users
* 11091 update docs
* 11091 fix for test
* 11091 fix for test
* 11091 test case for invalid token creation
* 11091 add test for permission grant
* Cleanup & fix serializer validation
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* added group and user model to object_type
* Update netbox/utilities/utils.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* 12074 fix full clean
* 12074 move device location setting to save from clean
* 12074 fix set location only if present in rack
* Update base.py
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* start() and terminate() methods on Job should call save()
* Fix display of associated jobs
* Introduce get_latest_jobs() method on JobsMixin
* Update messaging when no reports/scripts exist
* Catch ImportErrors when rendering report/script lists
* Fix loading of nested modules
* Fix URLs for nested scripts/reports
* Reference database object by GFK when running scripts & reports via UI
* Reference database object by GFK when running scripts & reports via API
* Remove old enqueue_job() method
* Enable filtering jobs by object
* Introduce ObjectJobsView
* Add tabbed views for report & script jobs
* Add object_id to JobSerializer
* Move generic relation to JobsMixin
* Clean up old naming
* Add suppport for REMOTE_AUTH_BACKEND as iterable
* Closes#11977: Support for multiple auth backends
* Tweak list casting
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* Add suppport for REMOTE_AUTH_BACKEND as iterable
* Closes#11977: Support for multiple auth backends
* Tweak list casting
---------
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
* WIP
* WIP
* WIP
* Make object selector functional
* Replace extraneous form fields with selector widgets
* Avoid overlap with filterset field names
* Show checkmarks next to visibile filters
* Update results automatically when searching
* Include selector for device/VM component parent fields
* Use selector for filtering VLAN group/site
* Limit selector to 100 results
* MarkdownWidget
* Change border and color of active markdown tab
* Fix template name typo
* Add render markdown endpoint
* Static assets for markdown widget
* widget style fix and unique ids based on name
* Replace SmallTextArea with SmallMarkdownWidget
* Clear innerHTML before swapping
* render markdown directly in template
* change render markdown view path
* remove small markdown widget
* Simplify rendering logic
* Use a form to clean input Markdown data
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Fixes#11470: Validation and user friendly message on invalid address query param
* Update invalid input handling to return empty set instead of raising exception
* Move ASN to a separate module
* Move ASNField from dcim to ipam
* Introduce ASNRange model
* Add relationship from ASN to ASNRange
* Add an available-asns API endpoint
* Add RIR assignment for ASNRange
* Add standard tests
* Move child ASNs to a tabbed view
* Remove FK on ASN to ASNRange
* Add tests for provisioning available ASNs
* Add docs for ASNRange
* Replace masonry with gridstack
* Initial work on dashboard widgets
* Implement function to save dashboard layout
* Define a default dashboard
* Clean up widgets
* Implement widget configuration views & forms
* Permit merging dict value with existing dict in user config
* Add widget deletion view
* Enable HTMX for widget configuration
* Implement view to add dashboard widgets
* ObjectCountsWidget: Identify models by app_label & name
* Add color customization to dashboard widgets
* Introduce Dashboard model to store user dashboard layout & config
* Clean up utility functions
* Remove hard-coded API URL
* Use fixed grid cell height
* Add modal close button
* Clean up dashboard views
* Rebuild JS
* WIP
* Add config_template field to Device
* Pre-fetch referenced templates
* Correct up_to_date callable
* Add config_template FK to Device
* Update & merge migrations
* Add config_template FK to Platform
* Add tagging support for ConfigTemplate
* Catch exceptions when rendering device templates in UI
* Refactor ConfigTemplate.render()
* Add support for returning plain text content
* Add ConfigTemplate model documentation
* Add feature documentation for config rendering
* WIP
* WIP
* Add git sync
* Fix file hashing
* Add last_synced to DataSource
* Build out UI & API resources
* Add status field to DataSource
* Add UI control to sync data source
* Add API endpoint to sync data sources
* Fix display of DataSource job results
* DataSource password should be write-only
* General cleanup
* Add data file UI view
* Punt on HTTP, FTP support for now
* Add DataSource URL validation
* Add HTTP proxy support to git fetcher
* Add management command to sync data sources
* DataFile REST API endpoints should be read-only
* Refactor fetch methods into backend classes
* Replace auth & git branch fields with general-purpose parameters
* Fix last_synced time
* Render discrete form fields for backend parameters
* Enable dynamic edit form for DataSource
* Register DataBackend classes in application registry
* Add search indexers for DataSource, DataFile
* Add single & bulk delete views for DataFile
* Add model documentation
* Convert DataSource to a primary model
* Introduce pre_sync & post_sync signals
* Clean up migrations
* Rename url to source_url
* Clean up filtersets
* Add API & filterset tests
* Add view tests
* Add initSelect() to HTMX refresh handler
* Render DataSourceForm fieldsets dynamically
* Update compiled static resources
* Closes#11592: Expose FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMOMORY_SIZE as a setting
* change configuration settings to alphabetic order
* Small example and documentation
---------
Co-authored-by: aron bergur jóhannsson <aronnemi@gmail.com>
* Fixes#11459 - Allow using null in conditions
- Update docs to reflect this
- Change docs example from primary_ip to primary_ip4 as computed properties are not serialized when queuing webhooks
* Update netbox/extras/conditions.py
---------
Co-authored-by: Simon Toft <SITO@telenor.dk>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@netboxlabs.com>
### Fixes: #11582
Not sure if this is the correct fix or not. The reason that the custom field errors were not shown is that messages.html only shows non_field_errors if the form passed to the context is named form. This is probably an issue in more places, but not sure how to make it generic. A change to messages.html would also need to support formsets.
Any input appreciated @jeremystretch or @arthanson
* Fixes#11032 - Replication fields broken in custom validation
* Use getattr instead of hasattr to make sure custom validation is triggered as normal
---------
Co-authored-by: kkthxbye-code <>
* Added buttons to edit cables
* Revert change that did not address this branch
* Consolidated buttons
* moved back trace button / added permission checks
* reverted disabled trace button
* Added 100base-fx (aka fast ethernet over fiber optic)
* Added 100BASE-T1 (single pair fast ethernet) as well as 100BASE‑LFX (fast ethernet over fiber, non standard)
* Update choices.py
Updated the placing of the 100base-fx and lfx choices
* Update netbox/dcim/choices.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Closes#11150: Add a filter for device.primary_ip4 and primary_ip6
* Tweaked tests to query for multiple IDs
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Allow re-assigning InventoryItem components
* Refactor logic for finding initial component assignment on InventoryItems
* PEP8 fix
* Fix wrong HTML causing tab list to extend past the end of the parent row
* Tweak form field labels
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Make sure we bail out if field validation failed when importing modules
* Tweak form validation logic
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Adds replication and adoption for module import
* Moves common Module form clean logic to new class
* Adds tests for replication and adoption for module import
* Fix test
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Add interval to JobResult
* Accept a recurrence interval when executing scripts & reports
* Cleaned up jobs list display
* Schedule next job only if a reference start time can be determined
* Improve validation for scheduled jobs
* Show the Provider of the NetworkProvider
* Clean up form fields
Co-authored-by: Pieter Lambrecht <pieter.lambrecht@sentia.com>
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* 10653 log failed login attempts on INFO
* 10653 use signal to log failed login attempts
* 10653 use signal to log failed login attempts
* Update netbox/users/signals.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Update netbox/users/apps.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Fixes: #10356 Add interface type and cable for backplane connections
* Allow Backplone for front and readports , too.
* Correct tyo in port definition
* pep8 fix (blank lines)
* Remove port type and changed name/description of backplane cable
* Omit backplane cable type
Co-authored-by: Patrick Hurrelmann <patrick.hurrelmann@nfon.com>
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Added Colors to SVG for Front and Reaer Ports
Fix for feature request 10904 thanks to @TheZackCodec
* Simplify termination color resolution
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* WIP
* Convert checkout() context manager to a class
* Misc cleanup
* Drop unique constraint from Change model
* Extend staging tests
* Misc cleanup
* Incorporate M2M changes
* Don't cancel wipe out creation records when an object is deleted
* Rename Change to StagedChange
* Add documentation for change staging
* Work on #7854
* Move to new URL scheme.
* Fix PEP8 errors
* Fix PEP8 errors
* Add GraphQL and fix primary_ip missing
* Fix PEP8 on GQL Type
* Fix missing NestedSerializer.
* Fix missing NestedSerializer & rename VDC to VDCs
* Fix migration
* Change Validation for identifier
* Fix missing migration
* Rebase to feature
* Post-review changes
* Remove VDC Type
* Remove M2M Enforcement logic
* Interface related changes
* Add filter fields to filterset for Interface filter
* Add form field to filterset form for Interface filter
* Add VDC display to interface detail template
* Remove VirtualDeviceContextTypeChoices
* Accommodate recent changes in feature branch
* Add tests
Add missing search()
* Update tests, and fix model form
* Update test_api
* Update test_api.InterfaceTest create_data
* Fix issue with tests
* Update interface serializer
* Update serializer and tests
* Update status to be required
* Remove error message for constraint
* Remove extraneous import
* Re-ordered devices menu to place VDC below virtual chassis
* Add helptext for `identifier` field
* Fix breadcrumb link
* Remove add interface link
* Add missing tenant and status fields
* Changes to tests as per Jeremy
* Change for #9623
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Update filterset form for status field
* Remove Rename View
* Change tabs to spaces
* Update netbox/dcim/tables/devices.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Update netbox/dcim/tables/devices.py
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Fix tenant in bulk_edit
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Add status field to table.
* Re-order table fields.
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* 8853 hide api token
* 8853 hide key on edit
* 8853 add key display
* 8853 cleanup html
* 8853 make token view accessible only once on POST
* Clean up display of tokens in views
* Honor ALLOW_TOKEN_RETRIEVAL in API serializer
* Add docs & tweak default setting
* Include token key when provisioning with user credentials
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* 7961 add csv bulk update
* temp checkin - blocked
* 7961 bugfix and cleanup
* 7961 change to id, add docs
* 7961 add tests cases
* 7961 fix does not exist validation error
* 7961 fix does not exist validation error
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 update tests
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 make test cases more explicit
* 7961 optimize loading csv test data
* 7961 update tests remove redundant code
* 7961 avoid MPTT issue in test cases
* Initial work on new search backend
* Clean up search backends
* Return only the most relevant result per object
* Clear any pre-existing cached entries on cache()
* #6003: Implement global search functionality for custom field values
* Tweak field weights & document guidance
* Extend search() to accept a lookup type
* Move get_registry() out of SearchBackend
* Enforce object permissions when returning search results
* Add indexers for remaining models
* Avoid calling remove() on non-cacheable objects
* Use new search backend by default
* Extend search backend to filter by object type
* Clean up search view form
* Enable specifying lookup logic
* Add indexes for value field
* Remove object type selector from search bar
* Introduce SearchTable and enable HTMX for results
* Enable pagination
* Remove legacy search backend
* Cleanup
* Use a UUID for CachedValue primary key
* Refactoring search methods
* Define max search results limit
* Extend reindex command to support specifying particular models
* Add clear() and size to SearchBackend
* Optimize bulk caching performance
* Highlight matched portion of field value
* Performance improvements for reindexing
* Started on search tests
* Cleanup & docs
* Documentation updates
* Clean up SearchIndex
* Flatten search registry to register by app_label.model_name
* Clean up search backend classes
* Clean up RestrictedGenericForeignKey and RestrictedPrefetch
* Resolve migrations conflict
* change IP address accessor to parent object
* set IP assigned check to link to interface
* Fix Assigned not being orderable
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
Co-authored-by: Craig Pund <cpund@iuhealth.org>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
As discussed in #10639, all three `COOKIE_PATH`s should be set accordingly with the netbox-`BASE_PATH` to improve coexistance with other Django-projects probably hosted on the same Host
* 10643 add fieldset to device role for improved add/edit form display
* 10643 update other forms
* 10643 update other forms
* Specify fieldsets for additional models
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Added JobResult form filtersets
* Change housekeeping cleanup delete from `_raw_delete` to `delete` to make sure scheduled tasks are cancelled
* Change default sort of JobResult table to -created
* Added `delete` override to `JobResult` to remove scheduled tasks from RQ when a JobResult is deleted
* Updated js/css dist files. Will need to be redone when develop is merged to feature.
* Add javascript to disable empty form fields
* add js cleanGetUrl
* use addEventListener submit
* use addEventListener
* update collectstatics
* Use FormData to remove empty fields
* optimeze ts-ignore
* update ts-ignore comment
* oneline of ts-ignore
* one line of ts-ingnore
* fix tsc errors by adding types (as per kkthxbye)
Co-authored-by: Pieter Lambrecht <pieter.lambrecht@sentia.com>
* 10348 add decimal custom field
* 10348 fix tests
* 10348 add documentation
* Rearrange custom fields to be ordered consistently
* Rename number_field to integer_field for clarity
* Clean up validation logic
* Apply suggested changes from PR
* Store decimal custom field values natively
* Fix filter test
* Update custom field model migrations to use new encoder
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* #9045 - remove legacy fields from Provider
* Add safegaurd for legacy data to migration
* 9045 remove fields from forms and tables
* Update unrelated tests to use ASN model instead of Provider
* Fix migrations collision
Co-authored-by: jeremystretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
* Initial work on #10247
* Continued work on #10247
* Clean up component creation tests
* Move valdiation of replicated field to form
* Clean up ordering of fields in component creation forms
* Omit fieldset header if none
* Clean up ordering of fields in component template creation forms
* View tests should not move component templates to new device type
* Define replication_fields on VMInterfaceCreateForm
* Clean up expandable field help texts
* Update comments
* Update component bulk update forms & views to support new replication fields
* Fix ModularDeviceComponentForm parent class
* Fix bulk creation of VM interfaces (thanks @kkthxbye-code!)
Closes: #9906
- Adds `color` field to front and rearport template import forms
- Adds `color` field to `to_yaml` export for front and rearport
templates
Prefetch the Tenant Group in views which allows its table to be configured
by the user. This decreases the amount of database queries that are required
to fetch the data.
Configure the prefetch to also include the Tenant Group, avoids additional
database queries when the Tenant Group column is to be rendered.
NOTE: If no personalisation of the global search tables should be done,
this commit can be reverted.
Replaces all usages of the TenantColumn with the new TenancyColumnsMixin.
This enables the user to add a column for Tenant Group on all tables which
also has a column for Tenant.
Works the same as the existing TenantColumn, but displats the Tenant Group of
the Tenant.
Views should prefetch the Tenants Group for this to be efficient in large
tables.
* Closes#9396 - Added ability to query modules by module bay & installed_modules for module bay REST API endpoint
* Closes#9396 - Added ability to query modules by module bay & installed_modules for module bay REST API endpoint
* Closes#9396 - Added ability to query modules by module bay & installed_modules for module bay REST API endpoint
Fixes#8920
Limits the amount of non-racked devices on Site and Location view to 10 and provides a link to the device list this is pre-filtered to the relevant site or location.
When using permissions that use tags, a user may receive multiple permissions
of the same type if multiple tags are assigned to the device. This causes the
RestrictedQuerySet class to generate a query similar to this:
>>> dcim.models.Device.objects.filter(Q(tags__name='tag1')|Q(tags__name='tag2'))
<ConfigContextModelQuerySet [<Device: device1>, <Device: device1>]>
This query returns the same object twice if both tags are assigned to it. This
is due to the use of the django-taggit library. The library's documentation
describes this behavior as expected and suggests using an explicit distinct()
call in queries to avoid duplicates.
However, the use of DISTINCT in queries has a global side effect -
deduplication of responses, which may or may not be acceptable behavior
(depending on further use). Since it is not known how RestrictedQuerySet will
be used in the rest of the code, it was decided to dedupe using a subquery.
In the current documentation we have two seemingly conflicting sentences:
* REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_GROUPS: (Requires REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED.)
* REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED: (REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_GROUPS will not function if REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED is enabled)
* Fixes#8398: Add ConfigParam.size to enlarge specific config fields
* Revert "Fixes #8398: Add ConfigParam.size to enlarge specific config fields"
This reverts commit 05e8fff458.
* Use forms.Textarea for the banner config fields
created & last_updated fields are missing from some REST API calls. Added missing fields to the following API calls
/api/dcim/virtual-chassis/
/api/dcim/cables/
/api/dcim/power-panels/
/api/dcim/rack-reservations/
/api/circuits/circuit-terminations/
/api/extras/webhooks/
/api/extras/custom-fields/
/api/extras/custom-links/
/api/extras/export-templates/
/api/extras/tags/
Adds two fields to all relevant tables to allow the addition of Created & Last Updated columns.
All tables with a Configure Table option were updated.
Some sections reformatted to comply with E501 line length as a result of changes
* Updating asdot computation to use an fstring
* Cleaning code. Custom property now returns either the ASN with ASDOT notation or just the ASN. asn_with_asdot can now be referenced in ASNTable & objet template.
Adds custom property to asn model to compute asdot notation if required.
Updates asn view to show asdot notation if one exists in the format xxxxx (yyy.yyy)
Adds a custom column renderer to asn table to display asdot notation if one exists
A device that is part of a VC that has no name should display [virtual-chassis name]:[virtual-chassis position] as opposed to [device_type] in the rack rendering.
Adds a custom column class to format the commit rate in the circuits table view using humanize_speed template helper. Export still exports the raw number.
Updating site location list to visually match the /dcim/locations list where child locations are "indtended" with mdi-circle-small.
Also removes the padding-left attribute on each row as it is no longer functional.
* Re-instates ASN field on Site model
* Re-instates ASN field on Site view
* Re-instates ASN field on edit form and API, except for where forms instances are new (add site) or instance does not have any existing AS data
* Does not re-instate asn field on SiteBulkEditForm
* Does not re-instate ASN field on SiteTable
* Does not re-instate filter for filterset, but does allow filtering by query (q=34342)
* Does not include tests for ASN field on Site model due to planned deprecation
fix incorrect assumption about when to run the group sync
Add documentation for new Settings
format to autopep8 compliance
add first set of basic testcases
format test to comply with pep8
rename SEPERATOR to SEPARATOR
remove accidentally carried over parameter
* Fixes#7035: Refactor APISelect query_param logic
* Add filter_fields to extras.ObjectVar & fix default value handling
* Update ObjectVar docs to reflect new filter_fields attribute
* Revert changes from 89b7f3f
* Maintain current `query_params` API for form fields, transform data structure in widget
* Revert changes from d0208d4
* Split object list and filters into tabs
* Use object_list template for connections, rack elevations
* Include custom field filters in grouped filter form
* Annotate number of applied filters on tab
* Rearrange table controls
* Incorporate local documentation build in upgrade script
* Add docs build to CI
* Include docs build path in revision control
* Update footer dcos link
* Changelog for #6328
* Clean up errant links
When users are authenticated with an API token not all permissions where
assigned to the session because the LDAP group memberships where not
available.
Now the information is loaded from the directory if the user is found.
If not the local group memberships are used.
This prevents a crash when the current user has authenticated himself
with an API token. In this case the user will not have the permissions
given to his LDAP groups.
When AUTH_LDAP_FIND_GROUP_PERMS is set to true the filter to find the
users permissions is extended to search for all permissions assigned to
groups in which the LDAP user is.
@jeremystretch:
> It'd be better to have the custom field return a date object than to
> accommodate string values in the template filter. Let's just omit custom
> field dates for now to keep this from getting any more complex.
This changes the text from: Updated 5 months, 1 week ago
to: Updated 2021-01-24 00:33 (5 months, 1 week ago)
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Stretch <jstretch@ns1.com>
With this commit all dates in the UI are now consistently displayed.
I changed the long date format as suggested by @xkilian and confirmed by my own
research.
* DATETIME_FORMAT
* Before July 20, 2020 4:52 p.m.
* Now 20th July, 2020 16:52
"20th July, 2020" would be spoken as "the 20th of July, 2020" but the "the" and
"of" are never written.
The only exception is `object_list.html`. I tried it but there it does not
work so easily because the dates are passed to Jinja as SafeString.
* Clean up & comment base templates
* Clean up login template & form
* Use SVG file for NetBox logo
* Simplify breadcrumbs
* Merge changelog.html into home.html
* Rename title_container block to header
* Move breadcrumbs block to object.html
* Attach names to endblock template tags
* Reorganize root-level templates into base/ and inc/
* Remove obsolete reference to Bootstrap 3.4.1
New validate_form method on ComponentCreateView handles validation generically, which any post() method on ComponentCreateView can use to validate the form but handle the response differently as needed.
There are situations in which it is convenient to be able to modify the name of the cookie that the application uses for storing the session token (conflicts with other cookies on the same domain, for example).
At present, a mix of link types are used in the Netbox
documentation from markdown file links to relative and
absolute anchor links.
Of the three types, linking to markdown files is the
most ideal because it allows navigation locally on disk,
as well as being translated into working links at render
time.
While not obvious, mkdocs handles converting markdown
links to valid URLs.
Signed-Off-by: Marcus Crane <marcu.crane@daimler.com>
* Initial work on #5892
* Add site group selection to object edit forms
* Add documentation for site groups
* Changelog for #5892
* Finish application of site groups to config context
* Initial work on #5913
* Provide per-line diff highlighting
* BulkDeteView should delete objects individually to secure a pre-change snapshot
* Add changelog tests for bulk operations
At least on ubuntu 20.04, the python3 package is now 3.8, but the package 'python3' points to the current best version of python available without needing to specialize a minor version and should require fewer changes to the document.
* Use HTTPS everywhere (mechanical edit using util from https-everywhere)
```Shell
node ~/src/EFForg/https-everywhere/utils/rewriter/rewriter.js .
git checkout netbox/project-static/
```
A few additional changes where reset manually before the commit.
* Use HTTPS everywhere (mechanical edit using util from opening_hours.js)
```Shell
make -f ~/src/opening-hours/opening_hours.js/Makefile qa-https-everywhere
git checkout netbox/project-static/
git checkout netbox/*/tests
```
* Convert circuits to use subqueries
* Convert dcim to use subqueries
* Convert extras to use subqueries
* Convert ipam to use subqueries
* Convert secrets to use subqueries
* Convert virtualization to use subqueries
* Update global search view to use subqueries where appropriate
* Remove extraneous order_by() calls
**Looking for help?** NetBox has a vast, active community of fellow users that may be able to provide assistance. Just [start a discussion](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/discussions/new) right here on GitHub! Or if you'd prefer to chat, join us live in the `#netbox` channel on the [NetDev Community Slack](https://netdev.chat/)!
If you encounter any issues installing or using NetBox, try one of the
following resources to get assistance. Please **do not** open a GitHub issue
except to report bugs or request features.
<div align="center">
<h3>
:bug: <a href="#bug-reporting-bugs">Report a bug</a> ·
:bulb: <a href="#bulb-feature-requests">Suggest a feature</a> ·
:arrow_heading_up: <a href="#arrow_heading_up-submitting-pull-requests">Submit a pull request</a>
</h3>
<h3>
:jigsaw: <a href="#jigsaw-creating-plugins">Create a plugin</a> ·
:rescue_worker_helmet: <a href="#rescue_worker_helmet-become-a-maintainer">Become a maintainer</a> ·
We have established a Google Groups Mailing List for issues and general
discussion. This is the best forum for obtaining assistance with NetBox
installation. You can find us [here](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/netbox-discuss).
In her book [Working in Public](https://www.amazon.com/Working-Public-Making-Maintenance-Software/dp/0578675862), Nadia Eghbal defines four production models for open source projects, categorized by contributor and user growth: federations, clubs, toys, and stadiums. The NetBox project fits her definition of a stadium very well:
### Slack
> Stadiums are projects with low contributor growth and high user growth. While they may receive casual contributions, their regular contributor base does not grow proportionately to their users. As a result, they tend to be powered by one or a few developers.
For real-time discussion, you can join the #netbox Slack channel on [NetworkToCode](https://slack.networktocode.com/).
The bulk of NetBox's development is carried out by a handful of core maintainers, with occasional contributions from collaborators in the community. We find the stadium analogy very useful in conveying the roles and obligations of both contributors and users.
## Reporting Bugs
If you're a contributor, actively working on the center stage, you have an obligation to produce quality content that will benefit the project as a whole. Conversely, if you're in the audience consuming the work being produced, you have the option of making requests and suggestions, but must also recognize that contributors are under no obligation to act on them.
* First, ensure that you're running the [latest stable version](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/releases)
of NetBox. If you're running an older version, it's possible that the bug has
already been fixed.
NetBox users are welcome to participate in either role, on stage or in the crowd. We ask only that you acknowledge the role you've chosen and respect the roles of others.
* Next, check the GitHub [issues list](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues)
to see if the bug you've found has already been reported. If you think you may
be experiencing a reported issue that hasn't already been resolved, please
click "add a reaction" in the top right corner of the issue and add a thumbs
up (+1). You might also want to add a comment describing how it's affecting your
installation. This will allow us to prioritize bugs based on how many users are
affected.
### General Tips for Working on GitHub
*When submitting an issue, please be as descriptive as possible. Be sure to
provide all information request in the issue template, including:
*Register for a free [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup) if you haven't already.
* You can use [GitHub Markdown](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax) for formatting text and adding images.
* To help mitigate notification spam, please avoid "bumping" issues with no activity. (To vote an issue up or down, use a :thumbsup: or :thumbsdown: reaction.)
* Please avoid pinging members with `@` unless they've previously expressed interest or involvement with that particular issue.
* Familiarize yourself with [this list of discussion anti-patterns](https://github.com/bradfitz/issue-tracker-behaviors) and make every effort to avoid them.
* The environment in which NetBox is running
* The exact steps that can be taken to reproduce the issue
* Expected and observed behavior
* Any error messages generated
* Screenshots (if applicable)
## :bug: Reporting Bugs
*Please avoid prepending any sort of tag (e.g. "[Bug]") to the issue title.
The issue will be reviewed by a maintainer after submission and the appropriate
labels will be applied for categorization.
*First, ensure that you're running the [latest stable version](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/releases) of NetBox. If you're running an older version, it's likely that the bug has already been fixed.
*Keep in mind that we prioritize bugs based on their severity and how much
work is required to resolve them. It may take some time for someone to address
your issue.
*Next, search our [issues list](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues?q=is%3Aissue) to see if the bug you've found has already been reported. If you come across a bug report that seems to match, please click "add a reaction" in the top right corner of the issue and add a thumbs up (:thumbsup:). This will help draw more attention to it. Any comments you can add to provide additional information or context would also be much appreciated.
* If you can't find any existing issues (open or closed) that seem to match yours, you're welcome to [submit a new bug report](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/new?label=type%3A+bug&template=bug_report.yaml). Be sure to complete the entire report template, including detailed steps that someone triaging your issue can follow to confirm the reported behavior. (If we're not able to replicate the bug based on the information provided, we'll ask for additional detail.)
* Some other tips to keep in mind:
* Error messages and screenshots are especially helpful.
* Don't prepend your issue title with a label like `[Bug]`; the proper label will be assigned automatically.
* Ensure that your reproduction instructions don't reference data in our [demo instance](https://demo.netbox.dev/), which gets rebuilt nightly.
* Verify that you have GitHub notifications enabled and are subscribed to your issue after submitting.
* We appreciate your patience as bugs are prioritized by their severity, impact, and difficulty to resolve.
* For more information on how bug reports are handled, please see our [issue
* First, check the GitHub [issues list](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues)
to see if the feature you're requesting is already listed. (Be sure to search
closed issues as well, since some feature requests have been rejected.) If the
feature you'd like to see has already been requested and is open, click "add a
reaction" in the top right corner of the issue and add a thumbs up (+1). This
ensures that the issue has a better chance of receiving attention. Also feel
free to add a comment with any additional justification for the feature.
(However, note that comments with no substance other than a "+1" will be
deleted. Please use GitHub's reactions feature to indicate your support.)
* First, check the GitHub [issues list](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues?q=is%3Aissue) to see if the feature you have in mind has already been proposed. If you happen to find an open feature request that matches your idea, click "add a reaction" in the top right corner of the issue and add a thumbs up (:thumbsup:). This ensures that the issue has a better chance of receiving attention. Also feel free to add a comment with any additional justification for the feature.
*Due to a large backlog of feature requests, we are not currently accepting
any proposals which substantially extend NetBox's functionality beyond its
current feature set. This includes the introduction of any new views or models
which have not already been proposed in an existing feature request.
*If you have a rough idea that's not quite ready for formal submission yet, start a [GitHub discussion](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/discussions) instead. This is a great way to test the viability and narrow down the scope of a new feature prior to submitting a formal proposal, and can serve to generate interest in your idea from other community members.
*Before filing a new featurerequest, consider raising your idea on the
mailing list first. Feedback you receive there will help validate and shape the
proposed feature before filing a formal issue.
*Once you're ready, submit a feature request [using this template](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/new?label=type%3A+feature&template=feature_request.yaml). Be sure to provide sufficient context and detail to convey exactly what you're proposing and why. The stronger your use case, the better chance your proposal has of being accepted.
*Good feature requests are very narrowly defined. Be sure to thoroughly
describe the functionality and data model(s) being proposed. The more effort
you put into writing a feature request, the better its chance is of being
implemented. Overly broad feature requests will be closed.
*Some other tips to keep in mind:
* Don't prepend your issue title with a label like `[Feature]`; the proper label will be assigned automatically.
* Try to anticipate any likely questions about your proposal and provide that information proactively.
* Verify that you have GitHub notifications enabled and are subscribed to your issue after submitting.
* You're welcome to volunteer to implement your FR, but don't submit a pull request until it has been approved.
*When submitting a feature request on GitHub, be sure to include all
information requested by the issue template, including:
*For more information on how feature requests are handled, please see our [issue intake policy](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/wiki/Issue-Intake-Policy).
* A detailed description of the proposed functionality
* A use case for the feature; who would use it and what value it would add
to NetBox
* A rough description of changes necessary to the database schema (if
applicable)
* Any third-party libraries or other resources which would be involved
## :arrow_heading_up: Submitting Pull Requests
*Please avoid prepending any sort of tag (e.g. "[Feature]") to the issue
title. The issue will be reviewed by a moderator after submission and the
appropriate labels will be applied for categorization.
*[Pull requests](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests) (a feature of GitHub) are used to propose changes to NetBox's code base. Our process generally goes like this:
* A user opens a new issue (bug report or feature request)
* A maintainer triages the issue and may mark it as needing an owner
* The issue's author can volunteer to own it, or someone else can
* A maintainer assigns the issue to whomever volunteers
* The issue owner submits a pull request that will resolve the issue
* A maintainer reviews and merges the pull request, closing the issue
*For more information on how feature requests are handled, please see our
*It's very important that you not submit a pull request until arelevant issue has been opened **and** assigned to you. Otherwise, you risk wasting time on work that may ultimately not be needed.
## Submitting Pull Requests
* New pull requests should generally be based off of the `develop` branch, rather than `master`. The `develop` branch is used for ongoing development, while `master` is used for tracking stable releases. (If you're developing for an upcoming minor release, use `feature` instead.)
*Be sure to open an issue **before** starting work on a pull request, and
discuss your idea with the NetBox maintainers before beginning work. This will
help prevent wasting time on something that might we might not be able to
implement. When suggesting a new feature, also make sure it won't conflict with
any work that's already in progress.
*In most cases, it is not necessary to add a changelog entry: A maintainer will take care of this when the PR is merged. (This helps avoid merge conflicts resulting from multiple PRs being submitted simultaneously.)
*Once you've opened or identified an issue you'd like to work on, ask that it
be assigned to you so that others are aware it's being worked on. A maintainer
will then mark the issue as "accepted."
* Any pull request which does _not_ relate to an accepted issue will be closed.
* All major new functionality must include relevant tests where applicable.
* When submitting a pull request, please be sure to work off of the `develop`
branch, rather than `master`. The `develop` branch is used for ongoing
development, while `master` is used for tagging stable releases.
* All code submissions should meet the following criteria (CI will enforce
these checks):
* Python syntax is valid
* All tests pass when run with `./manage.py test`
* PEP 8 compliance is enforced, with the exception that lines may be
*All code submissions should meet the following criteria (CI will enforce these checks):
* Python syntax is valid
* All tests pass when run with `./manage.py test`
* PEP 8 compliance is enforced, with the exception that lines may be
greater than 80 characters in length
## Commenting
* Some other tips to keep in mind:
* If you'd like to volunteer for someone else's issue, please post a comment on that issue letting us know. (This will allow the maintainers to assign it to you.)
* Check out our [developer docs](https://docs.netbox.dev/en/stable/development/getting-started/) for tips on setting up your development environment.
* All new functionality must include relevant tests where applicable.
Only comment on an issue if you are sharing a relevant idea or constructive
feedback. **Do not** comment on an issue just to show your support (give the
top post a :+1: instead) or ask for an ETA. These comments will be deleted to
reduce noise in the discussion.
## :jigsaw: Creating Plugins
## Issue Lifecycle
Do you have an idea for something you'd like to build in NetBox, but might not be right for the core project? NetBox includes a powerful and extensive [plugins framework](https://docs.netbox.dev/en/stable/plugins/) that enables users to develop their own custom data models and integrations.
New issues are handled according to our [issue intake policy](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/wiki/Issue-Intake-Policy).
Maintainers will assign label(s) and/or close new issues as the policy
dictates. This helps ensure a productive development environment and avoid
accumulating a large backlog of work.
Check out our [plugin development tutorial](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox-plugin-tutorial) to get started!
The core maintainers group has chosen to make use of GitHub's [Stale bot](https://github.com/apps/stale)
to aid in issue management.
## :rescue_worker_helmet: Become a Maintainer
* Issues will be marked as stale after 45 days of no activity.
* Then after 15 more days of inactivity, the issue will be closed.
* Any issue bearing one of the following labels will be exempt from all Stale
bot actions:
*`status: accepted`
*`status: blocked`
*`status: needs milestone`
We're always looking for motivated individuals to join the maintainers team and help drive NetBox's long-term development. Some of our most sought-after skills include:
It is natural that some new issues get more attention than others. Stale bot
helps bring renewed attention to potentially valuable issues that may have been
overlooked.
* Python development with a strong focus on the [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) framework
* Expertise working with PostgreSQL databases
* Javascript & TypeScript proficiency
* A knack for web application design (HTML & CSS)
* Familiarity with git and software development best practices
* Excellent attention to detail
* Working experience in the field of network operations & engineering
## Maintainer Guidance
We generally ask that maintainers dedicate around four hours of work to the project each week on average, which includes both hands-on development and project management tasks such as issue triage. Maintainers are also encouraged (but not required) to attend our bi-weekly Zoom call to catch up on recent items.
* Maintainers are expected to contribute at least four hours per week to the
project on average. This can be employer-sponsored or individual time, with
the understanding that all contributions are submitted under the Apache 2.0
license and that your employer may not make claim to any contributions.
Contributions include code work, issue management, and community support. All
development must be in accordance with our [development guidance](https://netbox.readthedocs.io/en/stable/development/).
Many maintainers petition their employer to grant some of their paid time to work on NetBox. In doing so, your employer becomes eligible to be featured as a [NetBox sponsor](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/wiki/Sponsorship).
* Maintainers are expected to attend (where feasible) our biweekly ~30-minute
sync to review agenda items. This meeting provides opportunity to present and
discuss pressing topics. Meetings are held as virtual audio/video conferences.
Interested? You can contact our lead maintainer, Jeremy Stretch, at jeremy@netbox.dev or on the [NetDev Community Slack](https://netdev.chat/). We'd love to have you on the team!
* Official channels for communication include:
## :heart: Other Ways to Contribute
* GitHub issues/pull requests
* The [netbox-discuss](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/netbox-discuss) mailing list
* The **#netbox** channel on [NetworkToCode Slack](https://networktocode.slack.com/)
You don't have to be a developer to contribute to NetBox: There are plenty of other ways you can add value to the community! Below are just a few examples:
*Maintainers with no substantial recorded activity in a 60-day period will be
removed from the project.
*Help answer questions and provide feedback in our [GitHub discussions](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/discussions) and on [Slack](https://netdev.chat/).
* Write a blog article or record a YouTube video demonstrating how NetBox is used at your organization.
* Help grow our [library of device & module type definitions](https://github.com/netbox-community/devicetype-library).
NetBox is an IP address management (IPAM) and data center infrastructure
management (DCIM) tool. Initially conceived by the network engineering team at
[DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/), NetBox was developed specifically
to address the needs of network and infrastructure engineers. It is intended to
function as a domain-specific source of truth for network operations.
NetBox is the leading solution for modeling and documenting modern networks. By
combining the traditional disciplines of IP address management (IPAM) and
datacenter infrastructure management (DCIM) with powerful APIs and extensions,
NetBox provides the ideal "source of truth" to power network automation.
Available as open source software under the Apache 2.0 license, NetBox serves
as the cornerstone for network automation in thousands of organizations.
NetBox runs as a web application atop the [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/)
Python framework with a [PostgreSQL](http://www.postgresql.org/) database. For a
complete list of requirements, see `requirements.txt`. The code is available [on GitHub](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox).
* **Physical infrastructure:** Accurately model the physical world, from global regions down to individual racks of gear. Then connect everything - network, console, and power!
* **Modern IPAM:** All the standard IPAM functionality you expect, plus VRF import/export tracking, VLAN management, and overlay support.
* **Data circuits:** Confidently manage the delivery of critical circuits from various service providers, modeled seamlessly alongside your own infrastructure.
* **Power tracking:** Map the distribution of power from upstream sources to individual feeds and outlets.
* **Organization:** Manage tenant and contact assignments natively.
* **Powerful search:** Easily find anything you need using a single global search function.
* **Comprehensive logging:** Leverage both automatic change logging and user-submitted journal entries to track your network's growth over time.

* Just want to explore? Check out [our public demo](https://demo.netbox.dev/) right now!
* The [official documentation](https://docs.netbox.dev) offers a comprehensive introduction.
* Check out [our wiki](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/wiki/Community-Contributions) for even more projects to get the most out of NetBox!
---
## Get Involved

* Follow [@NetBoxOfficial](https://twitter.com/NetBoxOfficial) on Twitter!
* Join the conversation on [the discussion forum](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/discussions) and [Slack](https://netdev.chat/)!
* Already a power user? You can [suggest a feature](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/new?assignees=&labels=type%3A+feature&template=feature_request.yaml) or [report a bug](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/new?assignees=&labels=type%3A+bug&template=bug_report.yaml) on GitHub.
* Contributions from the community are encouraged and appreciated! Check out our [contributing guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started.
---
## Project Stats

Per the terms of the Apache 2 license, NetBox is offered "as is" and without any guarantee or warranty pertaining to its operation. While every reasonable effort is made by its maintainers to ensure the product remains free of security vulnerabilities, users are ultimately responsible for conducting their own evaluations of each software release.
## Recommendations
Administrators are encouraged to adhere to industry best practices concerning the secure operation of software, such as:
* Do not expose your NetBox installation to the public Internet
* Do not permit multiple users to share an account
* Enforce minimum password complexity requirements for local accounts
* Prohibit access to your database from clients other than the NetBox application
* Keep your deployment updated to the most recent stable release
## Reporting a Suspected Vulnerability
If you believe you've uncovered a security vulnerability and wish to report it confidentially, you may do so via email. Please note that any reported vulnerabilities **MUST** meet all the following conditions:
* Affects the most recent stable release of NetBox, or a current beta release
* Affects a NetBox instance installed and configured per the official documentation
* Is reproducible following a prescribed set of instructions
Please note that we **DO NOT** accept reports generated by automated tooling which merely suggest that a file or file(s) _may_ be vulnerable under certain conditions, as these are most often innocuous.
If you believe that you've found a vulnerability which meets all of these conditions, please [submit a draft security advisory](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/security/advisories/new) on GitHub, or email a brief description of the suspected bug and instructions for reproduction to **security@netbox.dev**. For any security concerns regarding NetBox deployed via Docker, please see the [netbox-docker](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox-docker) project.
### Bug Bounties
As NetBox is provided as free open source software, we do not offer any monetary compensation for vulnerability or bug reports, however your contributions are greatly appreciated.
NetBox supports database query caching using [django-cacheops](https://github.com/Suor/django-cacheops) and Redis. When a query is made, the results are cached in Redis for a short period of time, as defined by the [CACHE_TIMEOUT](../../configuration/optional-settings/#cache_timeout) parameter (15 minutes by default). Within that time, all recurrences of that specific query will return the pre-fetched results from the cache.
If a change is made to any of the objects returned by the query within that time, or if the timeout expires, the results are automatically invalidated and the next request for those results will be sent to the database.
## Invalidating Cached Data
Although caching is performed automatically and rarely requires administrative intervention, NetBox provides the `invalidate` management command to force invalidation of cached results. This command can reference a specific object my its type and numeric ID:
Every time an object in NetBox is created, updated, or deleted, a serialized copy of that object is saved to the database, along with meta data including the current time and the user associated with the change. These records form a persistent record of changes both for each individual object as well as NetBox as a whole. The global change log can be viewed by navigating to Other > Change Log.
A serialized representation of the instance being modified is included in JSON format. This is similar to how objects are conveyed within the REST API, but does not include any nested representations. For instance, the `tenant` field of a site will record only the tenant's ID, not a representation of the tenant.
When a request is made, a UUID is generated and attached to any change records resulting from that request. For example, editing three objects in bulk will create a separate change record for each (three in total), and each of those objects will be associated with the same UUID. This makes it easy to identify all the change records resulting from a particular request.
Change records are exposed in the API via the read-only endpoint `/api/extras/object-changes/`. They may also be exported via the web UI in CSV format.
Each object in NetBox is represented in the database as a discrete table, and each attribute of an object exists as a column within its table. For example, sites are stored in the `dcim_site` table, which has columns named `name`, `facility`, `physical_address`, and so on. As new attributes are added to objects throughout the development of NetBox, tables are expanded to include new rows.
However, some users might want to associate with objects attributes that are somewhat esoteric in nature, and that would not make sense to include in the core NetBox database schema. For instance, suppose your organization needs to associate each device with a ticket number pointing to the support ticket that was opened to have it installed. This is certainly a legitimate use for NetBox, but it's perhaps not a common enough need to warrant expanding the internal data schema. Instead, you can create a custom field to hold this data.
Custom fields must be created through the admin UI under Extras > Custom Fields. To create a new custom field, select the object(s) to which you want it to apply, and the type of field it will be. NetBox supports six field types:
* Free-form text (up to 255 characters)
* Integer
* Boolean (true/false)
* Date
* URL
* Selection
Assign the field a name. This should be a simple database-friendly string, e.g. `tps_report`. You may optionally assign the field a human-friendly label (e.g. "TPS report") as well; the label will be displayed on forms. If a description is provided, it will appear beneath the field in a form.
Marking the field as required will require the user to provide a value for the field when creating a new object or when saving an existing object. A default value for the field may also be provided. Use "true" or "false" for boolean fields. (The default value has no effect for selection fields.)
When creating a selection field, you should create at least two choices. These choices will be arranged first by weight, with lower weights appearing higher in the list, and then alphabetically.
## Using Custom Fields
When a single object is edited, the form will include any custom fields which have been defined for the object type. These fields are included in the "Custom Fields" panel. On the backend, each custom field value is saved separately from the core object as an independent database call, so it's best to avoid adding too many custom fields per object.
When editing multiple objects, custom field values are saved in bulk. There is no significant difference in overhead when saving a custom field value for 100 objects versus one object. However, the bulk operation must be performed separately for each custom field.
Custom links allow users to display arbitrary hyperlinks to external content within NetBox object views. These are helpful for cross-referencing related records in systems outside of NetBox. For example, you might create a custom link on the device view which links to the current device in a network monitoring system.
Custom links are created under the admin UI. Each link is associated with a particular NetBox object type (site, device, prefix, etc.) and will be displayed on relevant views. Each link is assigned text and a URL, both of which support Jinja2 templating. The text and URL are rendered with the context variable `obj` representing the current object.
Custom links appear as buttons at the top right corner of the page. Numeric weighting can be used to influence the ordering of links.
## Conditional Rendering
Only links which render with non-empty text are included on the page. You can employ conditional Jinja2 logic to control the conditions under which a link gets rendered.
For example, if you only want to display a link for active devices, you could set the link text to
```jinja2
{% if obj.status == 'active' %}View NMS{% endif %}
```
The link will not appear when viewing a device with any status other than "active."
As another example, if you wanted to show only devices belonging to a certain manufacturer, you could do something like this:
```jinja2
{% if obj.device_type.manufacturer.name == 'Cisco' %}View NMS{% endif %}
```
The link will only appear when viewing a device with a manufacturer name of "Cisco."
## Link Groups
Group names can be specified to organize links into groups. Links with the same group name will render as a dropdown menu beneath a single button bearing the name of the group.
Custom scripting was introduced to provide a way for users to execute custom logic from within the NetBox UI. Custom scripts enable the user to directly and conveniently manipulate NetBox data in a prescribed fashion. They can be used to accomplish myriad tasks, such as:
* Automatically populate new devices and cables in preparation for a new site deployment
* Create a range of new reserved prefixes or IP addresses
* Fetch data from an external source and import it to NetBox
Custom scripts are Python code and exist outside of the official NetBox code base, so they can be updated and changed without interfering with the core NetBox installation. And because they're completely custom, there is no inherent limitation on what a script can accomplish.
## Writing Custom Scripts
All custom scripts must inherit from the `extras.scripts.Script` base class. This class provides the functionality necessary to generate forms and log activity.
```python
fromextras.scriptsimportScript
classMyScript(Script):
...
```
Scripts comprise two core components: a set of variables and a `run()` method. Variables allow your script to accept user input via the NetBox UI, but they are optional: If your script does not require any user input, there is no need to define any variables.
The `run()` method is where your script's execution logic lives. (Note that your script can have as many methods as needed: this is merely the point of invocation for NetBox.)
```python
classMyScript(Script):
var1=StringVar(...)
var2=IntegerVar(...)
var3=ObjectVar(...)
defrun(self,data,commit):
...
```
The `run()` method should accept two arguments:
*`data` - A dictionary containing all of the variable data passed via the web form.
*`commit` - A boolean indicating whether database changes will be committed.
!!! note
The `commit` argument was introduced in NetBox v2.7.8. Backward compatibility is maintained for scripts which accept only the `data` argument, however beginning with v2.10 NetBox will require the `run()` method of every script to accept both arguments. (Either argument may still be ignored within the method.)
Defining script variables is optional: You may create a script with only a `run()` method if no user input is needed.
Any output generated by the script during its execution will be displayed under the "output" tab in the UI.
## Module Attributes
### `name`
You can define `name` within a script module (the Python file which contains one or more scripts) to set the module name. If `name` is not defined, the module's file name will be used.
## Script Attributes
Script attributes are defined under a class named `Meta` within the script. These are optional, but encouraged.
### `name`
This is the human-friendly names of your script. If omitted, the class name will be used.
### `description`
A human-friendly description of what your script does.
### `commit_default`
The checkbox to commit database changes when executing a script is checked by default. Set `commit_default` to False under the script's Meta class to leave this option unchecked by default.
```python
commit_default=False
```
## Accessing Request Data
Details of the current HTTP request (the one being made to execute the script) are available as the instance attribute `self.request`. This can be used to infer, for example, the user executing the script and the client IP address:
self.log_info(f"Running as user {username} (IP: {ip_address})...")
```
For a complete list of available request parameters, please see the [Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/request-response/).
## Reading Data from Files
The Script class provides two convenience methods for reading data from files:
*`load_yaml`
*`load_json`
These two methods will load data in YAML or JSON format, respectively, from files within the local path (i.e. `SCRIPTS_ROOT`).
## Logging
The Script object provides a set of convenient functions for recording messages at different severity levels:
*`log_debug`
*`log_success`
*`log_info`
*`log_warning`
*`log_failure`
Log messages are returned to the user upon execution of the script. Markdown rendering is supported for log messages.
## Variable Reference
### Default Options
All custom script variables support the following default options:
*`default` - The field's default value
*`description` - A brief user-friendly description of the field
*`label` - The field name to be displayed in the rendered form
*`required` - Indicates whether the field is mandatory (all fields are required by default)
*`widget` - The class of form widget to use (see the [Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/forms/widgets/))
### StringVar
Stores a string of characters (i.e. text). Options include:
*`min_length` - Minimum number of characters
*`max_length` - Maximum number of characters
*`regex` - A regular expression against which the provided value must match
Note that `min_length` and `max_length` can be set to the same number to effect a fixed-length field.
### TextVar
Arbitrary text of any length. Renders as a multi-line text input field.
### IntegerVar
Stores a numeric integer. Options include:
*`min_value` - Minimum value
*`max_value` - Maximum value
### BooleanVar
A true/false flag. This field has no options beyond the defaults listed above.
### ChoiceVar
A set of choices from which the user can select one.
*`choices` - A list of `(value, label)` tuples representing the available choices. For example:
```python
CHOICES=(
('n','North'),
('s','South'),
('e','East'),
('w','West')
)
direction=ChoiceVar(choices=CHOICES)
```
In the example above, selecting the choice labeled "North" will submit the value `n`.
### MultiChoiceVar
Similar to `ChoiceVar`, but allows for the selection of multiple choices.
### ObjectVar
A particular object within NetBox. Each ObjectVar must specify a particular model, and allows the user to select one of the available instances. ObjectVar accepts several arguments, listed below.
*`model` - The model class
*`display_field` - The name of the REST API object field to display in the selection list (default: `'name'`)
*`query_params` - A dictionary of query parameters to use when retrieving available options (optional)
*`null_option` - A label representing a "null" or empty choice (optional)
The `display_field` argument is useful when referencing a model which does not have a `name` field. For example, when displaying a list of device types, you would likely use the `model` field:
```python
device_type=ObjectVar(
model=DeviceType,
display_field='model'
)
```
To limit the selections available within the list, additional query parameters can be passed as the `query_params` dictionary. For example, to show only devices with an "active" status:
```python
device=ObjectVar(
model=Device,
query_params={
'status':'active'
}
)
```
Multiple values can be specified by assigning a list to the dictionary key. It is also possible to reference the value of other fields in the form by prepending a dollar sign (`$`) to the variable's name.
```python
region=ObjectVar(
model=Region
)
site=ObjectVar(
model=Site,
query_params={
'region_id':'$region'
}
)
```
### MultiObjectVar
Similar to `ObjectVar`, but allows for the selection of multiple objects.
### FileVar
An uploaded file. Note that uploaded files are present in memory only for the duration of the script's execution: They will not be automatically saved for future use. The script is responsible for writing file contents to disk where necessary.
### IPAddressVar
An IPv4 or IPv6 address, without a mask. Returns a `netaddr.IPAddress` object.
### IPAddressWithMaskVar
An IPv4 or IPv6 address with a mask. Returns a `netaddr.IPNetwork` object which includes the mask.
### IPNetworkVar
An IPv4 or IPv6 network with a mask. Returns a `netaddr.IPNetwork` object. Two attributes are available to validate the provided mask:
*`min_prefix_length` - Minimum length of the mask
*`max_prefix_length` - Maximum length of the mask
## Example
Below is an example script that creates new objects for a planned site. The user is prompted for three variables:
* The name of the new site
* The device model (a filtered list of defined device types)
* The number of access switches to create
These variables are presented as a web form to be completed by the user. Once submitted, the script's `run()` method is called to create the appropriate objects.
NetBox allows users to define custom templates that can be used when exporting objects. To create an export template, navigate to Extras > Export Templates under the admin interface.
Each export template is associated with a certain type of object. For instance, if you create an export template for VLANs, your custom template will appear under the "Export" button on the VLANs list.
Export templates may be written in Jinja2 or [Django's template language](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/templates/language/), which is very similar to Jinja2.
!!! warning
Support for Django's native templating logic will be removed in NetBox v2.10.
The list of objects returned from the database when rendering an export template is stored in the `queryset` variable, which you'll typically want to iterate through using a `for` loop. Object properties can be access by name. For example:
```jinja2
{% for rack in queryset %}
Rack: {{ rack.name }}
Site: {{ rack.site.name }}
Height: {{ rack.u_height }}U
{% endfor %}
```
To access custom fields of an object within a template, use the `cf` attribute. For example, `{{ obj.cf.color }}` will return the value (if any) for a custom field named `color` on `obj`.
A MIME type and file extension can optionally be defined for each export template. The default MIME type is `text/plain`.
## Example
Here's an example device export template that will generate a simple Nagios configuration from a list of devices.
```
{% for device in queryset %}{% if device.status and device.primary_ip %}define host{
use generic-switch
host_name {{ device.name }}
address {{ device.primary_ip.address.ip }}
}
{% endif %}{% endfor %}
```
The generated output will look something like this:
Native support for embedded graphs is due to be removed in NetBox v2.10. It will likely be superseded by a plugin providing similar functionality.
NetBox does not have the ability to generate graphs natively, but this feature allows you to embed contextual graphs from an external resources (such as a monitoring system) inside the site, provider, and interface views. Each embedded graph must be defined with the following parameters:
* **Type:** Site, device, provider, or interface. This determines in which view the graph will be displayed.
* **Weight:** Determines the order in which graphs are displayed (lower weights are displayed first). Graphs with equal weights will be ordered alphabetically by name.
* **Name:** The title to display above the graph.
* **Source URL:** The source of the image to be embedded. The associated object will be available as a template variable named `obj`.
* **Link URL (optional):** A URL to which the graph will be linked. The associated object will be available as a template variable named `obj`.
Graph names and links can be rendered using Jinja2 or [Django's template language](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/templates/language/).
## Examples
You only need to define one graph object for each graph you want to include when viewing an object. For example, if you want to include a graph of traffic through an interface over the past five minutes, your graph source might looks like this:
NetBox supports integration with the [NAPALM automation](https://napalm-automation.net/) library. NAPALM allows NetBox to serve a proxy for operational data, fetching live data from network devices and returning it to a requester via its REST API. Note that NetBox does not store any NAPALM data locally.
!!! note
To enable this integration, the NAPALM library must be installed. See [installation steps](../../installation/3-netbox/#napalm) for more information.
Below is an example REST API request and response:
```no-highlight
GET /api/dcim/devices/1/napalm/?method=get_environment
{
"get_environment": {
...
}
}
```
!!! note
To make NAPALM requests via the NetBox REST API, a NetBox user must have assigned a permission granting the `napalm_read` action for the device object type.
## Authentication
By default, the [`NAPALM_USERNAME`](../../configuration/optional-settings/#napalm_username) and [`NAPALM_PASSWORD`](../../configuration/optional-settings/#napalm_password) configuration parameters are used for NAPALM authentication. They can be overridden for an individual API call by specifying the `X-NAPALM-Username` and `X-NAPALM-Password` headers.
The list of supported NAPALM methods depends on the [NAPALM driver](https://napalm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/support/index.html#general-support-matrix) configured for the platform of a device. Because there is no granular mechanism in place for limiting potentially disruptive requests, NetBox supports only read-only [get](https://napalm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/support/index.html#getters-support-matrix) methods.
## Multiple Methods
It is possible to request the output of multiple NAPALM methods in a single API request by passing multiple `method` parameters. For example:
```no-highlight
GET /api/dcim/devices/1/napalm/?method=get_ntp_servers&method=get_ntp_peers
{
"get_ntp_servers": {
...
},
"get_ntp_peers": {
...
}
}
```
## Optional Arguments
The behavior of NAPALM drivers can be adjusted according to the [optional arguments](https://napalm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/support/index.html#optional-arguments). NetBox exposes those arguments using headers prefixed with `X-NAPALM-`. For example, the SSH port is changed to 2222 in this API call:
A NetBox report is a mechanism for validating the integrity of data within NetBox. Running a report allows the user to verify that the objects defined within NetBox meet certain arbitrary conditions. For example, you can write reports to check that:
* All top-of-rack switches have a console connection
* Every router has a loopback interface with an IP address assigned
* Each interface description conforms to a standard format
* Every site has a minimum set of VLANs defined
* All IP addresses have a parent prefix
...and so on. Reports are completely customizable, so there's practically no limit to what you can test for.
## Writing Reports
Reports must be saved as files in the [`REPORTS_ROOT`](../../configuration/optional-settings/#reports_root) path (which defaults to `netbox/reports/`). Each file created within this path is considered a separate module. Each module holds one or more reports (Python classes), each of which performs a certain function. The logic of each report is broken into discrete test methods, each of which applies a small portion of the logic comprising the overall test.
!!! warning
The reports path includes a file named `__init__.py`, which registers the path as a Python module. Do not delete this file.
For example, we can create a module named `devices.py` to hold all of our reports which pertain to devices in NetBox. Within that module, we might define several reports. Each report is defined as a Python class inheriting from `extras.reports.Report`.
```
from extras.reports import Report
class DeviceConnectionsReport(Report):
description = "Validate the minimum physical connections for each device"
class DeviceIPsReport(Report):
description = "Check that every device has a primary IP address assigned"
```
Within each report class, we'll create a number of test methods to execute our report's logic. In DeviceConnectionsReport, for instance, we want to ensure that every live device has a console connection, an out-of-band management connection, and two power connections.
```
from dcim.choices import DeviceStatusChoices
from dcim.models import ConsolePort, Device, PowerPort
from extras.reports import Report
class DeviceConnectionsReport(Report):
description = "Validate the minimum physical connections for each device"
def test_console_connection(self):
# Check that every console port for every active device has a connection defined.
active = DeviceStatusChoices.STATUS_ACTIVE
for console_port in ConsolePort.objects.prefetch_related('device').filter(device__status=active):
if console_port.connected_endpoint is None:
self.log_failure(
console_port.device,
"No console connection defined for {}".format(console_port.name)
)
elif not console_port.connection_status:
self.log_warning(
console_port.device,
"Console connection for {} marked as planned".format(console_port.name)
)
else:
self.log_success(console_port.device)
def test_power_connections(self):
# Check that every active device has at least two connected power supplies.
for device in Device.objects.filter(status=DeviceStatusChoices.STATUS_ACTIVE):
connected_ports = 0
for power_port in PowerPort.objects.filter(device=device):
if power_port.connected_endpoint is not None:
connected_ports += 1
if not power_port.connection_status:
self.log_warning(
device,
"Power connection for {} marked as planned".format(power_port.name)
)
if connected_ports < 2:
self.log_failure(
device,
"{} connected power supplies found (2 needed)".format(connected_ports)
)
else:
self.log_success(device)
```
As you can see, reports are completely customizable. Validation logic can be as simple or as complex as needed.
!!! warning
Reports should never alter data: If you find yourself using the `create()`, `save()`, `update()`, or `delete()` methods on objects within reports, stop and re-evaluate what you're trying to accomplish. Note that there are no safeguards against the accidental alteration or destruction of data.
The following methods are available to log results within a report:
* log(message)
* log_success(object, message=None)
* log_info(object, message)
* log_warning(object, message)
* log_failure(object, message)
The recording of one or more failure messages will automatically flag a report as failed. It is advised to log a success for each object that is evaluated so that the results will reflect how many objects are being reported on. (The inclusion of a log message is optional for successes.) Messages recorded with `log()` will appear in a report's results but are not associated with a particular object or status.
To perform additional tasks, such as sending an email or calling a webhook, after a report has been run, extend the `post_run()` method. The status of the report is available as `self.failed` and the results object is `self.result`.
Once you have created a report, it will appear in the reports list. Initially, reports will have no results associated with them. To generate results, run the report.
## Running Reports
### Via the Web UI
Reports can be run via the web UI by navigating to the report and clicking the "run report" button at top right. Note that a user must have permission to create ReportResults in order to run reports. (Permissions can be assigned through the admin UI.)
Once a report has been run, its associated results will be included in the report view.
### Via the API
To run a report via the API, simply issue a POST request to its `run` endpoint. Reports are identified by their module and class name.
```
POST /api/extras/reports/<module>.<name>/run/
```
Our example report above would be called as:
```
POST /api/extras/reports/devices.DeviceConnectionsReport/run/
```
### Via the CLI
Reports can be run on the CLI by invoking the management command:
```
python3 manage.py runreport <module>
```
where ``<module>`` is the name of the python file in the ``reports`` directory without the ``.py`` extension. One or more report modules may be specified.
A webhook is a mechanism for conveying to some external system a change that took place in NetBox. For example, you may want to notify a monitoring system whenever the status of a device is updated in NetBox. This can be done by creating a webhook for the device model in NetBox and identifying the webhook receiver. When NetBox detects a change to a device, an HTTP request containing the details of the change and who made it be sent to the specified receiver. Webhooks are configured in the admin UI under Extras > Webhooks.
## Configuration
* **Name** - A unique name for the webhook. The name is not included with outbound messages.
* **Object type(s)** - The type or types of NetBox object that will trigger the webhook.
* **Enabled** - If unchecked, the webhook will be inactive.
* **Events** - A webhook may trigger on any combination of create, update, and delete events. At least one event type must be selected.
* **HTTP method** - The type of HTTP request to send. Options include `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, and `DELETE`.
* **URL** - The fuly-qualified URL of the request to be sent. This may specify a destination port number if needed.
* **HTTP content type** - The value of the request's `Content-Type` header. (Defaults to `application/json`)
* **Additional headers** - Any additional headers to include with the request (optional). Add one header per line in the format `Name: Value`. Jinja2 templating is supported for this field (see below).
* **Body template** - The content of the request being sent (optional). Jinja2 templating is supported for this field (see below). If blank, NetBox will populate the request body with a raw dump of the webhook context. (If the HTTP cotent type is set to `application/json`, this will be formatted as a JSON object.)
* **Secret** - A secret string used to prove authenticity of the request (optional). This will append a `X-Hook-Signature` header to the request, consisting of a HMAC (SHA-512) hex digest of the request body using the secret as the key.
* **SSL verification** - Uncheck this option to disable validation of the receiver's SSL certificate. (Disable with caution!)
* **CA file path** - The file path to a particular certificate authority (CA) file to use when validating the receiver's SSL certificate (optional).
## Jinja2 Template Support
[Jinja2 templating](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/) is supported for the `additional_headers` and `body_template` fields. This enables the user to convey object data in the request headers as well as to craft a customized request body. Request content can be crafted to enable the direct interaction with external systems by ensuring the outgoing message is in a format the receiver expects and understands.
For example, you might create a NetBox webhook to [trigger a Slack message](https://api.slack.com/messaging/webhooks) any time an IP address is created. You can accomplish this using the following configuration:
* Object type: IPAM > IP address
* HTTP method: `POST`
* URL: Slack incoming webhook URL
* HTTP content type: `application/json`
* Body template: `{"text": "IP address {{ data['address'] }} was created by {{ username }}!"}`
### Available Context
The following data is available as context for Jinja2 templates:
*`event` - The type of event which triggered the webhook: created, updated, or deleted.
*`model` - The NetBox model which triggered the change.
*`timestamp` - The time at which the event occurred (in [ISO 8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601) format).
*`username` - The name of the user account associated with the change.
*`request_id` - The unique request ID. This may be used to correlate multiple changes associated with a single request.
*`data` - A serialized representation of the object _after_ the change was made. This is typically equivalent to the model's representation in NetBox's REST API.
### Default Request Body
If no body template is specified, the request body will be populated with a JSON object containing the context data. For example, a newly created site might appear as follows:
When a change is detected, any resulting webhooks are placed into a Redis queue for processing. This allows the user's request to complete without needing to wait for the outgoing webhook(s) to be processed. The webhooks are then extracted from the queue by the `rqworker` process and HTTP requests are sent to their respective destinations. The current webhook queue and any failed webhooks can be inspected in the admin UI under Django RQ > Queues.
A request is considered successful if the response has a 2XX status code; otherwise, the request is marked as having failed. Failed requests may be retried manually via the admin UI.
## Troubleshooting
To assist with verifying that the content of outgoing webhooks is rendered correctly, NetBox provides a simple HTTP listener that can be run locally to receive and display webhook requests. First, modify the target URL of the desired webhook to `http://localhost:9000/`. This will instruct NetBox to send the request to the local server on TCP port 9000. Then, start the webhook receiver service from the NetBox root directory:
```no-highlight
$ python netbox/manage.py webhook_receiver
Listening on port http://localhost:9000. Stop with CONTROL-C.
```
You can test the receiver itself by sending any HTTP request to it. For example:
```no-highlight
$ curl -X POST http://localhost:9000 --data '{"foo": "bar"}'
```
The server will print output similar to the following:
Note that `webhook_receiver` does not actually _do_ anything with the information received: It merely prints the request headers and body for inspection.
Now, when the NetBox webhook is triggered and processed, you should see its headers and content appear in the terminal where the webhook receiver is listening. If you don't, check that the `rqworker` process is running and that webhook events are being placed into the queue (visible under the NetBox admin UI).
This guide explains how to configure single sign-on (SSO) support for NetBox using [Microsoft Azure Active Directory (AD)](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/active-directory/) as an authentication backend.
## Azure AD Configuration
### 1. Create a test user (optional)
Create a new user in AD to be used for testing. You can skip this step if you already have a suitable account created.
### 2. Create an app registration
Under the Azure Active Directory dashboard, navigate to **Add > App registration**.

Enter a name for the registration (e.g. "NetBox") and ensure that the "single tenant" option is selected.
Under "Redirect URI", select "Web" for the platform and enter the path to your NetBox installation, ending with `/oauth/complete/azuread-oauth2/`. Note that this URI **must** begin with `https://` unless you are referencing localhost (for development purposes).
NetBox also supports multitenant authentication via Azure AD, however it requires a different backend and an additional configuration parameter. Please see the [`python-social-auth` documentation](https://python-social-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/backends/azuread.html#tenant-support) for details concerning multitenant authentication.
### 3. Create a secret
When viewing the newly-created app registration, click the "Add a certificate or secret" link under "Client credentials". Under the "Client secrets" tab, click the "New client secret" button.

You can optionally specify a description and select a lifetime for the secret.
Restart the NetBox services so that the new configuration takes effect. This is typically done with the command below:
```no-highlight
sudo systemctl restart netbox
```
## Testing
Log out of NetBox if already authenticated, and click the "Log In" button at top right. You should see the normal login form as well as an option to authenticate using Azure AD. Click that link.

You should be redirected to Microsoft's authentication portal. Enter the username/email and password of your test account to continue. You may also be prompted to grant this application access to your account.

If successful, you will be redirected back to the NetBox UI, and will be logged in as the AD user. You can verify this by navigating to your profile (using the button at top right).
This user account has been replicated locally to NetBox, and can now be assigned groups and permissions within the NetBox admin UI.
## Troubleshooting
### Redirect URI does not Match
Azure requires that the authenticating client request a redirect URI that matches what you've configured for the app in step two. This URI **must** begin with `https://` (unless using `localhost` for the domain).
If Azure complains that the requested URI starts with `http://` (not HTTPS), it's likely that your HTTP server is misconfigured or sitting behind a load balancer, so NetBox is not aware that HTTPS is being use. To force the use of an HTTPS redirect URI, set `SOCIAL_AUTH_REDIRECT_IS_HTTPS = True` in `configuration.py` per the [python-social-auth docs](https://python-social-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration/settings.html#processing-redirects-and-urlopen).
### Not Logged in After Authenticating
If you are redirected to the NetBox UI after authenticating successfully, but are _not_ logged in, double-check the configured backend and app registration. The instructions in this guide pertain only to the `azuread.AzureADOAuth2` backend using a single-tenant app registration.
This guide explains how to configure single sign-on (SSO) support for NetBox using [Okta](https://www.okta.com/) as an authentication backend.
## Okta Configuration
!!! tip "Okta developer account"
Okta offers free developer accounts at <https://developer.okta.com/>.
### 1. Create a test user (optional)
Create a new user in the Okta admin portal to be used for testing. You can skip this step if you already have a suitable account created.
### 2. Create an app registration
Within the Okta administration dashboard, navigate to **Applications > Applications**, and click the "Create App Integration" button. Select "OIDC" as the sign-in method, and "Web application" for the application type.

On the next page, give the app integration a name (e.g. "NetBox") and specify the sign-in and sign-out URIs. These URIs should follow the formats below:
Restart the NetBox services so that the new configuration takes effect. This is typically done with the command below:
```no-highlight
sudo systemctl restart netbox
```
## Testing
Log out of NetBox if already authenticated, and click the "Log In" button at top right. You should see the normal login form as well as an option to authenticate using Okta. Click that link.
You should be redirected to Okta's authentication portal. Enter the username/email and password of your test account to continue. You may also be prompted to grant this application access to your account.
If successful, you will be redirected back to the NetBox UI, and will be logged in as the Okta user. You can verify this by navigating to your profile (using the button at top right).
This user account has been replicated locally to NetBox, and can now be assigned groups and permissions within the NetBox admin UI.
Local user accounts and groups can be created in NetBox under the "Authentication and Authorization" section of the administrative user interface. This interface is available only to users with the "staff" permission enabled.
At a minimum, each user account must have a username and password set. User accounts may also denote a first name, last name, and email address. [Permissions](../permissions.md) may also be assigned to users and/or groups within the admin UI.
## Remote Authentication
NetBox may be configured to provide user authenticate via a remote backend in addition to local authentication. This is done by setting the `REMOTE_AUTH_BACKEND` configuration parameter to a suitable backend class. NetBox provides several options for remote authentication.
NetBox includes an authentication backend which supports LDAP. See the [LDAP installation docs](../../installation/6-ldap.md) for more detail about this backend.
Another option for remote authentication in NetBox is to enable HTTP header-based user assignment. The front end HTTP server (e.g. nginx or Apache) performs client authentication as a process external to NetBox, and passes information about the authenticated user via HTTP headers. By default, the user is assigned via the `REMOTE_USER` header, but this can be customized via the `REMOTE_AUTH_HEADER` configuration parameter.
Optionally, user profile information can be supplied by `REMOTE_USER_FIRST_NAME`, `REMOTE_USER_LAST_NAME` and `REMOTE_USER_EMAIL` headers. These are saved to the users profile during the authentication process. These headers can be customized like the `REMOTE_USER` header.
NetBox supports single sign-on authentication via the [python-social-auth](https://github.com/python-social-auth) library. To enable SSO, specify the path to the desired authentication backend within the `social_core` Python package. Please see the complete list of [supported authentication backends](https://github.com/python-social-auth/social-core/tree/master/social_core/backends) for the available options.
Most remote authentication backends require some additional configuration through settings prefixed with `SOCIAL_AUTH_`. These will be automatically imported from NetBox's `configuration.py` file. Additionally, the [authentication pipeline](https://python-social-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pipeline.html) can be customized via the `SOCIAL_AUTH_PIPELINE` parameter. (NetBox's default pipeline is defined in `netbox/settings.py` for your reference.)
NetBox supports native integration with [Sentry](https://sentry.io/) for automatic error reporting. To enable this functionality, simply set `SENTRY_ENABLED` to True in `configuration.py`. Errors will be sent to a Sentry ingestor maintained by the NetBox team for analysis.
```python
SENTRY_ENABLED=True
```
### Using a Custom DSN
If you prefer instead to use your own Sentry ingestor, you'll need to first create a new project under your Sentry account to represent your NetBox deployment and obtain its corresponding data source name (DSN). This looks like a URL similar to the example below:
```
https://examplePublicKey@o0.ingest.sentry.io/0
```
Once you have obtained a DSN, configure Sentry in NetBox's `configuration.py` file with the following parameters:
You can optionally attach one or more arbitrary tags to the outgoing error reports if desired by setting the `SENTRY_TAGS` parameter:
```python
SENTRY_TAGS={
"custom.foo":"123",
"custom.bar":"abc",
}
```
!!! warning "Reserved tag prefixes"
Avoid using any tag names which begin with `netbox.`, as this prefix is reserved by the NetBox application.
### Testing
Once the configuration has been saved, restart the NetBox service.
To test Sentry operation, try generating a 404 (page not found) error by navigating to an invalid URL, such as `https://netbox/404-error-testing`. (Be sure that debug mode has been disabled.) After receiving a 404 response from the NetBox server, you should see the issue appear shortly in Sentry.
NetBox includes a `housekeeping` management command that should be run nightly. This command handles:
* Clearing expired authentication sessions from the database
* Deleting changelog records older than the configured [retention time](../configuration/miscellaneous.md#changelog_retention)
* Deleting job result records older than the configured [retention time](../configuration/miscellaneous.md#job_retention)
* Check for new NetBox releases (if [`RELEASE_CHECK_URL`](../configuration/miscellaneous.md#release_check_url) is set)
This command can be invoked directly, or by using the shell script provided at `/opt/netbox/contrib/netbox-housekeeping.sh`.
## Scheduling
### Using Cron
This script can be linked from your cron scheduler's daily jobs directory (e.g. `/etc/cron.daily`) or referenced directly within the cron configuration file.
On Debian-based systems, be sure to omit the `.sh` file extension when linking to the script from within a cron directory. Otherwise, the task may not run.
### Using Systemd
First, create symbolic links for the systemd service and timer files. Link the existing service and timer files from the `/opt/netbox/contrib/` directory to the `/etc/systemd/system/` directory:
To delete multiple objects at once, call `delete()` on a filtered queryset. It's a good idea to always sanity-check the count of selected objects _before_ deleting them.
@@ -194,9 +190,9 @@ To delete multiple objects at once, call `delete()` on a filtered queryset. It's
NetBox v2.9 introduced a new object-based permissions framework, which replace's Django's built-in permissions model. Object-based permissions enable an administrator to grant users or groups the ability to perform an action on arbitrary subsets of objects in NetBox, rather than all objects of a certain type. For example, it is possible to grant a user permission to view only sites within a particular region, or to modify only VLANs with a numeric ID within a certain range.
NetBox employs a new object-based permissions framework, which replaces Django's built-in permissions model. Object-based permissions enable an administrator to grant users or groups the ability to perform an action on arbitrary subsets of objects in NetBox, rather than all objects of a certain type. For example, it is possible to grant a user permission to view only sites within a particular region, or to modify only VLANs with a numeric ID within a certain range.
{!docs/models/users/objectpermission.md!}
A permission in NetBox represents a relationship shared by several components:
* Object type(s) - One or more types of object in NetBox
* User(s)/Group(s) - One or more users or groups of users
* Action(s) - The action(s) that can be performed on an object
* Constraints - An arbitrary filter used to limit the granted action(s) to a specific subset of objects
At a minimum, a permission assignment must specify one object type, one user or group, and one action. The specification of constraints is optional: A permission without any constraints specified will apply to all instances of the selected model(s).
## Actions
There are four core actions that can be permitted for each type of object within NetBox, roughly analogous to the CRUD convention (create, read, update, and delete):
* **View** - Retrieve an object from the database
* **Add** - Create a new object
* **Change** - Modify an existing object
* **Delete** - Delete an existing object
In addition to these, permissions can also grant custom actions that may be required by a specific model or plugin. For example, the `run` permission for scripts allows a user to execute custom scripts. These can be specified when granting a permission in the "additional actions" field.
!!! note
Internally, all actions granted by a permission (both built-in and custom) are stored as strings in an array field named `actions`.
## Constraints
Constraints are expressed as a JSON object or list representing a [Django query filter](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/models/querysets/#field-lookups). This is the same syntax that you would pass to the QuerySet `filter()` method when performing a query using the Django ORM. As with query filters, double underscores can be used to traverse related objects or invoke lookup expressions. Some example queries and their corresponding definitions are shown below.
All attributes defined within a single JSON object are applied with a logical AND. For example, suppose you assign a permission for the site model with the following constraints.
```json
{
"status":"active",
"region__name":"Americas"
}
```
The permission will grant access only to sites which have a status of "active" **and** which are assigned to the "Americas" region.
To achieve a logical OR with a different set of constraints, define multiple objects within a list. For example, if you want to constrain the permission to VLANs with an ID between 100 and 199 _or_ a status of "reserved," do the following:
```json
[
{
"vid__gte":100,
"vid__lt":200
},
{
"status":"reserved"
}
]
```
Additionally, where multiple permissions have been assigned for an object type, their collective constraints will be merged using a logical "OR" operation.
### User Token
When defining a permission constraint, administrators may use the special token `$user` to reference the current user at the time of evaluation. This can be helpful to restrict users to editing only their own journal entries, for example. Such a constraint might be defined as:
```json
{
"created_by":"$user"
}
```
The `$user` token can be used only as a constraint value, or as an item within a list of values. It cannot be modified or extended to reference specific user attributes.
### Default Permissions
!!! info "This feature was introduced in NetBox v3.6."
While permissions are typically assigned to specific groups and/or users, it is also possible to define a set of default permissions that are applied to _all_ authenticated users. This is done using the [`DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS`](../configuration/security.md#default_permissions) configuration parameter. Note that statically configuring permissions for specific users or groups is **not** supported.
### Example Constraint Definitions
@@ -10,7 +80,7 @@ NetBox v2.9 introduced a new object-based permissions framework, which replace's
| ----------- | ----------- |
| `{"status": "active"}` | Status is active |
| `{"status__in": ["planned", "reserved"]}` | Status is active **OR** reserved |
| `{"status": "active", "role": "testing"}` | Status is active **OR** role is testing |
| `{"status": "active", "role": "testing"}` | Status is active **AND** role is testing |
| `{"name__startswith": "Foo"}` | Name starts with "Foo" (case-sensitive) |
| `{"name__iendswith": "bar"}` | Name ends with "bar" (case-insensitive) |
| `{"vid__gte": 100, "vid__lt": 200}` | VLAN ID is greater than or equal to 100 **AND** less than 200 |
You may need to change the username, host, and/or database in the command above to match your installation.
When replicating a production database for development purposes, you may find it convenient to exclude changelog data, which can easily account for the bulk of a database's size. To do this, exclude the `extras_objectchange` table data from the export. The table will still be included in the output file, but will not be populated with any data.
By default, NetBox stores uploaded files (such as image attachments) in its media directory. To fully replicate an instance of NetBox, you'll need to copy both the database and the media files.
!!! note
These operations are not necessary if your installation is utilizing a [remote storage backend](../../configuration/optional-settings/#storage_backend).
These operations are not necessary if your installation is utilizing a [remote storage backend](../configuration/system.md#storage_backend).
### Archive the Media Directory
@@ -68,13 +71,3 @@ To extract the saved archive into a new installation, run the following from the
```no-highlight
tar -xf netbox_media.tar.gz
```
---
## Cache Invalidation
If you are migrating your instance of NetBox to a different machine, be sure to first invalidate the cache by performing this command:
This is a mapping of models to [custom validators](../customization/custom-validation.md) that have been defined locally to enforce custom validation logic. An example is provided below:
```python
CUSTOM_VALIDATORS={
"dcim.site":[
{
"name":{
"min_length":5,
"max_length":30
}
},
"my_plugin.validators.Validator1"
],
"dim.device":[
"my_plugin.validators.Validator1"
]
}
```
---
## FIELD_CHOICES
Some static choice fields on models can be configured with custom values. This is done by defining `FIELD_CHOICES` as a dictionary mapping model fields to their choices. Each choice in the list must have a database value and a human-friendly label, and may optionally specify a color. (A list of available colors is provided below.)
The choices provided can either replace the stock choices provided by NetBox, or append to them. To _replace_ the available choices, specify the app, model, and field name separated by dots. For example, the site model would be referenced as `dcim.Site.status`. To _extend_ the available choices, append a plus sign to the end of this string (e.g. `dcim.Site.status+`).
For example, the following configuration would replace the default site status choices with the options Foo, Bar, and Baz:
```python
FIELD_CHOICES={
'dcim.Site.status':(
('foo','Foo','red'),
('bar','Bar','green'),
('baz','Baz','blue'),
)
}
```
Appending a plus sign to the field identifier would instead _add_ these choices to the ones already offered:
```python
FIELD_CHOICES={
'dcim.Site.status+':(
...
)
}
```
The following model fields support configurable choices:
The time zone NetBox will use when dealing with dates and times. It is recommended to use UTC time unless you have a specific need to use a local time zone. Please see the [list of available time zones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones).
## Date and Time Formatting
You may define custom formatting for date and times. For detailed instructions on writing format strings, please see [the Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/templates/builtins/#date). Default formats are listed below.
```python
DATE_FORMAT='N j, Y'# June 26, 2016
SHORT_DATE_FORMAT='Y-m-d'# 2016-06-26
TIME_FORMAT='g:i a'# 1:23 p.m.
SHORT_TIME_FORMAT='H:i:s'# 13:23:00
DATETIME_FORMAT='N j, Y g:i a'# June 26, 2016 1:23 p.m.
This parameter controls the content and layout of user's default dashboard. Once the dashboard has been created, the user is free to customize it as they please by adding, removing, and reconfiguring widgets.
This parameter must specify an iterable of dictionaries, each representing a discrete dashboard widget and its configuration. The follow widget attributes are supported:
*`widget`: Dotted path to the Python class (required)
*`width`: Default widget width (between 1 and 12, inclusive)
*`height`: Default widget height, in rows
*`title`: Widget title
*`color`: Color of the widget's title bar, specified by name
*`config`: Dictionary mapping of any widget configuration parameters
A brief example configuration is provided below.
```python
DEFAULT_DASHBOARD=[
{
'widget':'extras.ObjectCountsWidget',
'width':4,
'height':3,
'title':'Organization',
'config':{
'models':[
'dcim.site',
'tenancy.tenant',
'tenancy.contact',
]
}
},
{
'widget':'extras.ObjectCountsWidget',
'width':4,
'height':3,
'title':'IPAM',
'color':'blue',
'config':{
'models':[
'ipam.prefix',
'ipam.iprange',
'ipam.ipaddress',
]
}
},
]
```
## DEFAULT_USER_PREFERENCES
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
This is a dictionary defining the default preferences to be set for newly-created user accounts. For example, to set the default page size for all users to 100, define the following:
```python
DEFAULT_USER_PREFERENCES={
"pagination":{
"per_page":100
}
}
```
For a complete list of available preferences, log into NetBox and navigate to `/user/preferences/`. A period in a preference name indicates a level of nesting in the JSON data. The example above maps to `pagination.per_page`.
---
## PAGINATE_COUNT
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 50
The default maximum number of objects to display per page within each list of objects.
---
## POWERFEED_DEFAULT_AMPERAGE
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 15
The default value for the `amperage` field when creating new power feeds.
---
## POWERFEED_DEFAULT_MAX_UTILIZATION
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 80
The default value (percentage) for the `max_utilization` field when creating new power feeds.
---
## POWERFEED_DEFAULT_VOLTAGE
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 120
The default value for the `voltage` field when creating new power feeds.
---
## RACK_ELEVATION_DEFAULT_UNIT_HEIGHT
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 22
Default height (in pixels) of a unit within a rack elevation. For best results, this should be approximately one tenth of `RACK_ELEVATION_DEFAULT_UNIT_WIDTH`.
---
## RACK_ELEVATION_DEFAULT_UNIT_WIDTH
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 220
Default width (in pixels) of a unit within a rack elevation.
This setting enables debugging. Debugging should be enabled only during development or troubleshooting. Note that only
clients which access NetBox from a recognized [internal IP address](#internal_ips) will see debugging tools in the user
interface.
!!! warning
Never enable debugging on a production system, as it can expose sensitive data to unauthenticated users and impose a
substantial performance penalty.
---
## DEVELOPER
Default: False
This parameter serves as a safeguard to prevent some potentially dangerous behavior, such as generating new database schema migrations. Additionally, enabling this setting disables the debug warning banner in the UI. Set this to `True`**only** if you are actively developing the NetBox code base.
Set to True to enable automatic error reporting via [Sentry](https://sentry.io/).
---
## SENTRY_SAMPLE_RATE
Default: 1.0 (all)
The sampling rate for errors. Must be a value between 0 (disabled) and 1.0 (report on all errors).
---
## SENTRY_TAGS
An optional dictionary of tag names and values to apply to Sentry error reports.For example:
```
SENTRY_TAGS = {
"custom.foo": "123",
"custom.bar": "abc",
}
```
!!! warning "Reserved tag prefixes"
Avoid using any tag names which begin with `netbox.`, as this prefix is reserved by the NetBox application.
---
## SENTRY_TRACES_SAMPLE_RATE
Default: 0 (disabled)
The sampling rate for transactions. Must be a value between 0 (disabled) and 1.0 (report on all transactions).
!!! warning "Consider performance implications"
A high sampling rate for transactions can induce significant performance penalties. If transaction reporting is desired, it is recommended to use a relatively low sample rate of 10% to 20% (0.1 to 0.2).
NetBox's local configuration is stored in `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/netbox/configuration.py`. An example configuration is provided as `configuration.example.py`. You may copy or rename the example configuration and make changes as appropriate. NetBox will not run without a configuration file.
## Configuration File
While NetBox has many configuration settings, only a few of them must be defined at the time of installation.
NetBox's configuration file contains all the important parameters which control how NetBox functions: database settings, security controls, user preferences, and so on. While the default configuration suffices out of the box for most use cases, there are a few [required parameters](./required-parameters.md) which **must** be defined during installation.
## Configuration Parameters
The configuration file is loaded from `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/netbox/configuration.py` by default. An example configuration is provided at `configuration_example.py`, which you may copy to use as your default config. Note that a configuration file must be defined; NetBox will not run without one.
* [Required settings](required-settings.md)
* [Optional settings](optional-settings.md)
!!! info "Customizing the Configuration Module"
A custom configuration module may be specified by setting the `NETBOX_CONFIGURATION` environment variable. This must be a dotted path to the desired Python module. For example, a file named `my_config.py` in the same directory as `settings.py` would be referenced as `netbox.my_config`.
## Changing the Configuration
To keep things simple, the NetBox documentation refers to the configuration file simply as `configuration.py`.
Configuration settings may be changed at any time. However, the WSGI service (e.g. Gunicorn) must be restarted before the changes will take effect:
Some configuration parameters may alternatively be defined either in `configuration.py` or within the administrative section of the user interface. Settings which are "hard-coded" in the configuration file take precedence over those defined via the UI.
## Dynamic Configuration Parameters
Some configuration parameters are primarily controlled via NetBox's admin interface (under Admin > Extras > Configuration Revisions). These are noted where applicable in the documentation. These settings may also be overridden in `configuration.py` to prevent them from being modified via the UI. A complete list of supported parameters is provided below:
NetBox will email details about critical errors to the administrators listed here. This should be a list of (name, email) tuples. For example:
```python
ADMINS=[
['Hank Hill','hhill@example.com'],
['Dale Gribble','dgribble@example.com'],
]
```
---
## BANNER_BOTTOM
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Sets content for the bottom banner in the user interface.
---
## BANNER_LOGIN
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
This defines custom content to be displayed on the login page above the login form. HTML is allowed.
---
## BANNER_MAINTENANCE
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
!!! note
This parameter was added in NetBox v3.5.
This adds a banner to the top of every page when maintenance mode is enabled. HTML is allowed.
---
## BANNER_TOP
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Sets content for the top banner in the user interface.
!!! tip
If you'd like the top and bottom banners to match, set the following:
```python
BANNER_TOP = 'Your banner text'
BANNER_BOTTOM = BANNER_TOP
```
---
## CENSUS_REPORTING_ENABLED
Default: True
Enables anonymous census reporting. To opt out of census reporting, set this to False.
This data enables the project maintainers to estimate how many NetBox deployments exist and track the adoption of new versions over time. Census reporting effects a single HTTP request each time a worker starts. The only data reported by this function are the NetBox version, Python version, and a pseudorandom unique identifier.
---
## CHANGELOG_RETENTION
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 90
The number of days to retain logged changes (object creations, updates, and deletions). Set this to `0` to retain
changes in the database indefinitely.
!!! warning
If enabling indefinite changelog retention, it is recommended to periodically delete old entries. Otherwise, the database may eventually exceed capacity.
---
## DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE
Default: `2621440` (2.5 MB)
The maximum size (in bytes) of an incoming HTTP request (i.e. `GET` or `POST` data). Requests which exceed this size will raise a `RequestDataTooBig` exception.
---
## ENFORCE_GLOBAL_UNIQUE
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: False
By default, NetBox will permit users to create duplicate prefixes and IP addresses in the global table (that is, those which are not assigned to any VRF). This behavior can be disabled by setting `ENFORCE_GLOBAL_UNIQUE` to True.
---
## FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE
Default: `2621440` (2.5 MB)
The maximum amount (in bytes) of uploaded data that will be held in memory before being written to the filesystem. Changing this setting can be useful for example to be able to upload files bigger than 2.5MB to custom scripts for processing.
---
## GRAPHQL_ENABLED
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: True
Setting this to False will disable the GraphQL API.
---
## JOB_RETENTION
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
!!! note
This parameter was renamed from `JOBRESULT_RETENTION` in NetBox v3.5.
Default: 90
The number of days to retain job results (scripts and reports). Set this to `0` to retain job results in the database indefinitely.
!!! warning
If enabling indefinite job results retention, it is recommended to periodically delete old entries. Otherwise, the database may eventually exceed capacity.
---
## MAINTENANCE_MODE
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: False
Setting this to True will display a "maintenance mode" banner at the top of every page. Additionally, NetBox will no longer update a user's "last active" time upon login. This is to allow new logins when the database is in a read-only state. Recording of login times will resume when maintenance mode is disabled.
This specifies the URL to use when presenting a map of a physical location by street address or GPS coordinates. The URL must accept either a free-form street address or a comma-separated pair of numeric coordinates appended to it. Set this to `None` to disable the "map it" button within the UI.
---
## MAX_PAGE_SIZE
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: 1000
A web user or API consumer can request an arbitrary number of objects by appending the "limit" parameter to the URL (e.g. `?limit=1000`). This parameter defines the maximum acceptable limit. Setting this to `0` or `None` will allow a client to retrieve _all_ matching objects at once with no limit by specifying `?limit=0`.
---
## METRICS_ENABLED
Default: False
Toggle the availability Prometheus-compatible metrics at `/metrics`. See the [Prometheus Metrics](../integrations/prometheus-metrics.md) documentation for more details.
---
## PREFER_IPV4
!!! tip "Dynamic Configuration Parameter"
Default: False
When determining the primary IP address for a device, IPv6 is preferred over IPv4 by default. Set this to True to prefer IPv4 instead.
---
## QUEUE_MAPPINGS
Allows changing which queues are used internally for background tasks.
```python
QUEUE_MAPPINGS = {
'webhook': 'low',
'report': 'high',
'script': 'high',
}
```
If no queue is defined the queue named `default` will be used.
---
## RELEASE_CHECK_URL
Default: None (disabled)
This parameter defines the URL of the repository that will be checked for new NetBox releases. When a new release is detected, a message will be displayed to administrative users on the home page. This can be set to the official repository (`'https://api.github.com/repos/netbox-community/netbox/releases'`) or a custom fork. Set this to `None` to disable automatic update checks.
!!! note
The URL provided **must** be compatible with the [GitHub REST API](https://docs.github.com/en/rest).
---
## RQ_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
Default: `300`
The maximum execution time of a background task (such as running a custom script), in seconds.
---
## RQ_RETRY_INTERVAL
!!! note
This parameter was added in NetBox v3.5.
Default: `60`
This parameter controls how frequently a failed job is retried, up to the maximum number of times specified by `RQ_RETRY_MAX`. This must be either an integer specifying the number of seconds to wait between successive attempts, or a list of such values. For example, `[60, 300, 3600]` will retry the task after 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 1 hour.
---
## RQ_RETRY_MAX
!!! note
This parameter was added in NetBox v3.5.
Default: `0` (retries disabled)
The maximum number of times a background task will be retried before being marked as failed.
A list of permitted URL schemes referenced when rendering links within NetBox. Note that only the schemes specified in this list will be accepted: If adding your own, be sure to replicate all of the default values as well (excluding those schemes which are not desirable).
---
## BANNER_TOP
## BANNER_BOTTOM
Setting these variables will display custom content in a banner at the top and/or bottom of the page, respectively. HTML is allowed. To replicate the content of the top banner in the bottom banner, set:
```python
BANNER_TOP='Your banner text'
BANNER_BOTTOM=BANNER_TOP
```
---
## BANNER_LOGIN
This defines custom content to be displayed on the login page above the login form. HTML is allowed.
---
## BASE_PATH
Default: None
The base URL path to use when accessing NetBox. Do not include the scheme or domain name. For example, if installed at http://example.com/netbox/, set:
```python
BASE_PATH='netbox/'
```
---
## CACHE_TIMEOUT
Default: 900
The number of seconds to cache entries will be retained before expiring.
---
## CHANGELOG_RETENTION
Default: 90
The number of days to retain logged changes (object creations, updates, and deletions). Set this to `0` to retain
changes in the database indefinitely.
!!! warning
If enabling indefinite changelog retention, it is recommended to periodically delete old entries. Otherwise, the database may eventually exceed capacity.
---
## CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL
Default: False
If True, cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) requests will be accepted from all origins. If False, a whitelist will be used (see below).
---
## CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST
## CORS_ORIGIN_REGEX_WHITELIST
These settings specify a list of origins that are authorized to make cross-site API requests. Use
`CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST` to define a list of exact hostnames, or `CORS_ORIGIN_REGEX_WHITELIST` to define a set of regular
expressions. (These settings have no effect if `CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL` is True.) For example:
```python
CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST=[
'https://example.com',
]
```
---
## DEBUG
Default: False
This setting enables debugging. Debugging should be enabled only during development or troubleshooting. Note that only
clients which access NetBox from a recognized [internal IP address](#internal_ips) will see debugging tools in the user
interface.
!!! warning
Never enable debugging on a production system, as it can expose sensitive data to unauthenticated users and impose a
substantial performance penalty.
---
## DEVELOPER
Default: False
This parameter serves as a safeguard to prevent some potentially dangerous behavior, such as generating new database schema migrations. Set this to `True`**only** if you are actively developing the NetBox code base.
---
## DOCS_ROOT
Default: `$INSTALL_ROOT/docs/`
The filesystem path to NetBox's documentation. This is used when presenting context-sensitive documentation in the web UI. By default, this will be the `docs/` directory within the root NetBox installation path. (Set this to `None` to disable the embedded documentation.)
---
## EMAIL
In order to send email, NetBox needs an email server configured. The following items can be defined within the `EMAIL` configuration parameter:
*`SERVER` - Hostname or IP address of the email server (use `localhost` if running locally)
*`PORT` - TCP port to use for the connection (default: `25`)
*`USERNAME` - Username with which to authenticate
*`PASSSWORD` - Password with which to authenticate
*`USE_SSL` - Use SSL when connecting to the server (default: `False`)
*`USE_TLS` - Use TLS when connecting to the server (default: `False`)
*`SSL_CERTFILE` - Path to the PEM-formatted SSL certificate file (optional)
*`SSL_KEYFILE` - Path to the PEM-formatted SSL private key file (optional)
*`TIMEOUT` - Amount of time to wait for a connection, in seconds (default: `10`)
*`FROM_EMAIL` - Sender address for emails sent by NetBox
!!! note
The `USE_SSL` and `USE_TLS` parameters are mutually exclusive.
Email is sent from NetBox only for critical events or if configured for [logging](#logging). If you would like to test the email server configuration, Django provides a convenient [send_mail()](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/email/#send-mail) fuction accessible within the NetBox shell:
```no-highlight
# python ./manage.py nbshell
>>> from django.core.mail import send_mail
>>> send_mail(
'Test Email Subject',
'Test Email Body',
'noreply-netbox@example.com',
['users@example.com'],
fail_silently=False
)
```
---
## ENFORCE_GLOBAL_UNIQUE
Default: False
By default, NetBox will permit users to create duplicate prefixes and IP addresses in the global table (that is, those which are not assigned to any VRF). This behavior can be disabled by setting `ENFORCE_GLOBAL_UNIQUE` to True.
---
## EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS
Default: Empty list
A list of NetBox models to exempt from the enforcement of view permissions. Models listed here will be viewable by all users, both authenticated and anonymous.
List models in the form `<app>.<model>`. For example:
```python
EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS = [
'dcim.site',
'dcim.region',
'ipam.prefix',
]
```
To exempt _all_ models from view permission enforcement, set the following. (Note that `EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS` must be an iterable.)
```python
EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS = ['*']
```
!!! note
Using a wildcard will not affect certain potentially sensitive models, such as user permissions. If there is a need to exempt these models, they must be specified individually.
---
## HTTP_PROXIES
Default: None
A dictionary of HTTP proxies to use for outbound requests originating from NetBox (e.g. when sending webhook requests). Proxies should be specified by schema (HTTP and HTTPS) as per the [Python requests library documentation](https://2.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/). For example:
```python
HTTP_PROXIES = {
'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128',
'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',
}
```
---
## INTERNAL_IPS
Default: `('127.0.0.1', '::1')`
A list of IP addresses recognized as internal to the system, used to control the display of debugging output. For
example, the debugging toolbar will be viewable only when a client is accessing NetBox from one of the listed IP
addresses (and [`DEBUG`](#debug) is true).
---
## LOGGING
By default, all messages of INFO severity or higher will be logged to the console. Additionally, if [`DEBUG`](#debug) is False and email access has been configured, ERROR and CRITICAL messages will be emailed to the users defined in [`ADMINS`](#admins).
The Django framework on which NetBox runs allows for the customization of logging format and destination. Please consult the [Django logging documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/logging/) for more information on configuring this setting. Below is an example which will write all INFO and higher messages to a local file:
```python
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'file': {
'level': 'INFO',
'class': 'logging.FileHandler',
'filename': '/var/log/netbox.log',
},
},
'loggers': {
'django': {
'handlers': ['file'],
'level': 'INFO',
},
},
}
```
### Available Loggers
* `netbox.<app>.<model>` - Generic form for model-specific log messages
* `netbox.auth.*` - Authentication events
* `netbox.api.views.*` - Views which handle business logic for the REST API
* `netbox.views.*` - Views which handle business logic for the web UI
---
## LOGIN_REQUIRED
Default: False
Setting this to True will permit only authenticated users to access any part of NetBox. By default, anonymous users are permitted to access most data in NetBox (excluding secrets) but not make any changes.
---
## LOGIN_TIMEOUT
Default: 1209600 seconds (14 days)
The lifetime (in seconds) of the authentication cookie issued to a NetBox user upon login.
---
## MAINTENANCE_MODE
Default: False
Setting this to True will display a "maintenance mode" banner at the top of every page.
---
## MAX_PAGE_SIZE
Default: 1000
A web user or API consumer can request an arbitrary number of objects by appending the "limit" parameter to the URL (e.g. `?limit=1000`). This parameter defines the maximum acceptable limit. Setting this to `0` or `None` will allow a client to retrieve _all_ matching objects at once with no limit by specifying `?limit=0`.
---
## MEDIA_ROOT
Default: $INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/media/
The file path to the location where media files (such as image attachments) are stored. By default, this is the `netbox/media/` directory within the base NetBox installation path.
---
## METRICS_ENABLED
Default: False
Toggle the availability Prometheus-compatible metrics at `/metrics`. See the [Prometheus Metrics](../../additional-features/prometheus-metrics/) documentation for more details.
---
## NAPALM_USERNAME
## NAPALM_PASSWORD
NetBox will use these credentials when authenticating to remote devices via the [NAPALM library](https://napalm-automation.net/), if installed. Both parameters are optional.
!!! note
If SSH public key authentication has been set up on the remote device(s) for the system account under which NetBox runs, these parameters are not needed.
---
## NAPALM_ARGS
A dictionary of optional arguments to pass to NAPALM when instantiating a network driver. See the NAPALM documentation for a [complete list of optional arguments](http://napalm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/support/#optional-arguments). An example:
```python
NAPALM_ARGS = {
'api_key': '472071a93b60a1bd1fafb401d9f8ef41',
'port': 2222,
}
```
Some platforms (e.g. Cisco IOS) require an argument named `secret` to be passed in addition to the normal password. If desired, you can use the configured `NAPALM_PASSWORD` as the value for this argument:
```python
NAPALM_USERNAME = 'username'
NAPALM_PASSWORD = 'MySecretPassword'
NAPALM_ARGS = {
'secret': NAPALM_PASSWORD,
# Include any additional args here
}
```
---
## NAPALM_TIMEOUT
Default: 30 seconds
The amount of time (in seconds) to wait for NAPALM to connect to a device.
---
## PAGINATE_COUNT
Default: 50
The default maximum number of objects to display per page within each list of objects.
---
## PLUGINS
Default: Empty
A list of installed [NetBox plugins](../../plugins/) to enable. Plugins will not take effect unless they are listed here.
!!! warning
Plugins extend NetBox by allowing external code to run with the same access and privileges as NetBox itself. Only install plugins from trusted sources. The NetBox maintainers make absolutely no guarantees about the integrity or security of your installation with plugins enabled.
---
## PLUGINS_CONFIG
Default: Empty
This parameter holds configuration settings for individual NetBox plugins. It is defined as a dictionary, with each key using the name of an installed plugin. The specific parameters supported are unique to each plugin: Reference the plugin's documentation to determine the supported parameters. An example configuration is shown below:
```python
PLUGINS_CONFIG = {
'plugin1': {
'foo': 123,
'bar': True
},
'plugin2': {
'foo': 456,
},
}
```
Note that a plugin must be listed in `PLUGINS` for its configuration to take effect.
---
## PREFER_IPV4
Default: False
When determining the primary IP address for a device, IPv6 is preferred over IPv4 by default. Set this to True to prefer IPv4 instead.
---
## RACK_ELEVATION_DEFAULT_UNIT_HEIGHT
Default: 22
Default height (in pixels) of a unit within a rack elevation. For best results, this should be approximately one tenth of `RACK_ELEVATION_DEFAULT_UNIT_WIDTH`.
---
## RACK_ELEVATION_DEFAULT_UNIT_WIDTH
Default: 220
Default width (in pixels) of a unit within a rack elevation.
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_AUTO_CREATE_USER
Default: `False`
If true, NetBox will automatically create local accounts for users authenticated via a remote service. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
This is the Python path to the custom [Django authentication backend](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/auth/customizing/) to use for external user authentication. NetBox provides two built-in backends (listed below), though custom authentication backends may also be provided by other packages or plugins.
* `netbox.authentication.RemoteUserBackend`
* `netbox.authentication.LDAPBackend`
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_GROUPS
Default: `[]` (Empty list)
The list of groups to assign a new user account when created using remote authentication. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS
Default: `{}` (Empty dictionary)
A mapping of permissions to assign a new user account when created using remote authentication. Each key in the dictionary should be set to a dictionary of the attributes to be applied to the permission, or `None` to allow all objects. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED
Default: `False`
NetBox can be configured to support remote user authentication by inferring user authentication from an HTTP header set by the HTTP reverse proxy (e.g. nginx or Apache). Set this to `True` to enable this functionality. (Local authentication will still take effect as a fallback.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_HEADER
Default: `'HTTP_REMOTE_USER'`
When remote user authentication is in use, this is the name of the HTTP header which informs NetBox of the currently authenticated user. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## RELEASE_CHECK_TIMEOUT
Default: 86,400 (24 hours)
The number of seconds to retain the latest version that is fetched from the GitHub API before automatically invalidating it and fetching it from the API again. This must be set to at least one hour (3600 seconds).
---
## RELEASE_CHECK_URL
Default: None (disabled)
This parameter defines the URL of the repository that will be checked periodically for new NetBox releases. When a new release is detected, a message will be displayed to administrative users on the home page. This can be set to the official repository (`'https://api.github.com/repos/netbox-community/netbox/releases'`) or a custom fork. Set this to `None` to disable automatic update checks.
!!! note
The URL provided **must** be compatible with the [GitHub REST API](https://docs.github.com/en/rest).
---
## REPORTS_ROOT
Default: `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/reports/`
The file path to the location where custom reports will be kept. By default, this is the `netbox/reports/` directory within the base NetBox installation path.
---
## SCRIPTS_ROOT
Default: `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/scripts/`
The file path to the location where custom scripts will be kept. By default, this is the `netbox/scripts/` directory within the base NetBox installation path.
---
## SESSION_FILE_PATH
Default: None
HTTP session data is used to track authenticated users when they access NetBox. By default, NetBox stores session data in its PostgreSQL database. However, this inhibits authentication to a standby instance of NetBox without write access to the database. Alternatively, a local file path may be specified here and NetBox will store session data as files instead of using the database. Note that the NetBox system user must have read and write permissions to this path.
---
## STORAGE_BACKEND
Default: None (local storage)
The backend storage engine for handling uploaded files (e.g. image attachments). NetBox supports integration with the [`django-storages`](https://django-storages.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) package, which provides backends for several popular file storage services. If not configured, local filesystem storage will be used.
The configuration parameters for the specified storage backend are defined under the `STORAGE_CONFIG` setting.
---
## STORAGE_CONFIG
Default: Empty
A dictionary of configuration parameters for the storage backend configured as `STORAGE_BACKEND`. The specific parameters to be used here are specific to each backend; see the [`django-storages` documentation](https://django-storages.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) for more detail.
If `STORAGE_BACKEND` is not defined, this setting will be ignored.
---
## TIME_ZONE
Default: UTC
The time zone NetBox will use when dealing with dates and times. It is recommended to use UTC time unless you have a specific need to use a local time zone. Please see the [list of available time zones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones).
---
## Date and Time Formatting
You may define custom formatting for date and times. For detailed instructions on writing format strings, please see [the Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/templates/builtins/#date). Default formats are listed below.
```python
DATE_FORMAT = 'N j, Y' # June 26, 2016
SHORT_DATE_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d' # 2016-06-26
TIME_FORMAT = 'g:i a' # 1:23 p.m.
SHORT_TIME_FORMAT = 'H:i:s' # 13:23:00
DATETIME_FORMAT = 'N j, Y g:i a' # June 26, 2016 1:23 p.m.
A list of installed [NetBox plugins](../plugins/index.md) to enable. Plugins will not take effect unless they are listed here.
!!! warning
Plugins extend NetBox by allowing external code to run with the same access and privileges as NetBox itself. Only install plugins from trusted sources. The NetBox maintainers make absolutely no guarantees about the integrity or security of your installation with plugins enabled.
---
## PLUGINS_CONFIG
Default: Empty
This parameter holds configuration settings for individual NetBox plugins. It is defined as a dictionary, with each key using the name of an installed plugin. The specific parameters supported are unique to each plugin: Reference the plugin's documentation to determine the supported parameters. An example configuration is shown below:
```python
PLUGINS_CONFIG={
'plugin1':{
'foo':123,
'bar':True
},
'plugin2':{
'foo':456,
},
}
```
Note that a plugin must be listed in `PLUGINS` for its configuration to take effect.
The configuration parameters listed here control remote authentication for NetBox. Note that `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` must be true in order for these settings to take effect.
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_AUTO_CREATE_GROUPS
Default: `False`
If true, NetBox will automatically create groups specified in the `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_HEADER` header if they don't already exist. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_AUTO_CREATE_USER
Default: `False`
If true, NetBox will automatically create local accounts for users authenticated via a remote service. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
This is the Python path to the custom [Django authentication backend](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/auth/customizing/) to use for external user authentication. NetBox provides two built-in backends (listed below), though custom authentication backends may also be provided by other packages or plugins. Provide a string for a single backend, or an iterable for multiple backends, which will be attempted in the order given.
*`netbox.authentication.RemoteUserBackend`
*`netbox.authentication.LDAPBackend`
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_GROUPS
Default: `[]` (Empty list)
The list of groups to assign a new user account when created using remote authentication. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS
Default: `{}` (Empty dictionary)
A mapping of permissions to assign a new user account when created using remote authentication. Each key in the dictionary should be set to a dictionary of the attributes to be applied to the permission, or `None` to allow all objects. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` as True and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` as False.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED
Default: `False`
NetBox can be configured to support remote user authentication by inferring user authentication from an HTTP header set by the HTTP reverse proxy (e.g. nginx or Apache). Set this to `True` to enable this functionality. (Local authentication will still take effect as a fallback.) (`REMOTE_AUTH_DEFAULT_GROUPS` will not function if `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` is disabled)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_HEADER
Default: `'HTTP_REMOTE_USER_GROUP'`
When remote user authentication is in use, this is the name of the HTTP header which informs NetBox of the currently authenticated user. For example, to use the request header `X-Remote-User-Groups` it needs to be set to `HTTP_X_REMOTE_USER_GROUPS`. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` )
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SEPARATOR
Default: `|` (Pipe)
The Seperator upon which `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_HEADER` gets split into individual Groups. This needs to be coordinated with your authentication Proxy. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` )
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED
Default: `False`
NetBox can be configured to sync remote user groups by inferring user authentication from an HTTP header set by the HTTP reverse proxy (e.g. nginx or Apache). Set this to `True` to enable this functionality. (Local authentication will still take effect as a fallback.) (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_HEADER
Default: `'HTTP_REMOTE_USER'`
When remote user authentication is in use, this is the name of the HTTP header which informs NetBox of the currently authenticated user. For example, to use the request header `X-Remote-User` it needs to be set to `HTTP_X_REMOTE_USER`. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_USER_EMAIL
Default: `'HTTP_REMOTE_USER_EMAIL'`
When remote user authentication is in use, this is the name of the HTTP header which informs NetBox of the email address of the currently authenticated user. For example, to use the request header `X-Remote-User-Email` it needs to be set to `HTTP_X_REMOTE_USER_EMAIL`. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_USER_FIRST_NAME
Default: `'HTTP_REMOTE_USER_FIRST_NAME'`
When remote user authentication is in use, this is the name of the HTTP header which informs NetBox of the first name of the currently authenticated user. For example, to use the request header `X-Remote-User-First-Name` it needs to be set to `HTTP_X_REMOTE_USER_FIRST_NAME`. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_USER_LAST_NAME
Default: `'HTTP_REMOTE_USER_LAST_NAME'`
When remote user authentication is in use, this is the name of the HTTP header which informs NetBox of the last name of the currently authenticated user. For example, to use the request header `X-Remote-User-Last-Name` it needs to be set to `HTTP_X_REMOTE_USER_LAST_NAME`. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED`.)
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_SUPERUSER_GROUPS
Default: `[]` (Empty list)
The list of groups that promote an remote User to Superuser on Login. If group isn't present on next Login, the Role gets revoked. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` )
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_SUPERUSERS
Default: `[]` (Empty list)
The list of users that get promoted to Superuser on Login. If user isn't present in list on next Login, the Role gets revoked. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` )
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_STAFF_GROUPS
Default: `[]` (Empty list)
The list of groups that promote an remote User to Staff on Login. If group isn't present on next Login, the Role gets revoked. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` )
---
## REMOTE_AUTH_STAFF_USERS
Default: `[]` (Empty list)
The list of users that get promoted to Staff on Login. If user isn't present in list on next Login, the Role gets revoked. (Requires `REMOTE_AUTH_ENABLED` and `REMOTE_AUTH_GROUP_SYNC_ENABLED` )
This is a list of valid fully-qualified domain names (FQDNs) and/or IP addresses that can be used to reach the NetBox service. Usually this is the same as the hostname for the NetBox server, but can also be different; for example, when using a reverse proxy serving the NetBox website under a different FQDN than the hostname of the NetBox server. To help guard against [HTTP Host header attackes](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/security/#host-headers-virtual-hosting), NetBox will not permit access to the server via any other hostnames (or IPs).
!!! note
This parameter must always be defined as a list or tuple, even if only a single value is provided.
The value of this option is also used to set `CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS`, which restricts POST requests to the same set of hosts (more about this [here](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#std:setting-CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS)). Keep in mind that NetBox, by default, sets `USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST` to true, which means that if you're using a reverse proxy, it's the FQDN used to reach that reverse proxy which needs to be in this list (more about this [here](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts)).
If you are not yet sure what the domain name and/or IP address of the NetBox installation will be, and are comfortable accepting the risks in doing so, you can set this to a wildcard (asterisk) to allow all host values:
```
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
```
---
## DATABASE
NetBox requires access to a PostgreSQL 12 or later database service to store data. This service can run locally on the NetBox server or on a remote system. The following parameters must be defined within the `DATABASE` dictionary:
*`NAME` - Database name
*`USER` - PostgreSQL username
*`PASSWORD` - PostgreSQL password
*`HOST` - Name or IP address of the database server (use `localhost` if running locally)
*`PORT` - TCP port of the PostgreSQL service; leave blank for default port (TCP/5432)
*`CONN_MAX_AGE` - Lifetime of a [persistent database connection](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/databases/#persistent-connections), in seconds (300 is the default)
*`ENGINE` - The database backend to use; must be a PostgreSQL-compatible backend (e.g. `django.db.backends.postgresql`)
'PORT':'',# Database port (leave blank for default)
'CONN_MAX_AGE':300,# Max database connection age
}
```
!!! note
NetBox supports all PostgreSQL database options supported by the underlying Django framework. For a complete list of available parameters, please see [the Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#databases).
!!! warning
Make sure to use a PostgreSQL-compatible backend for the ENGINE setting. If you don't specify an ENGINE, the default will be django.db.backends.postgresql.
---
## REDIS
[Redis](https://redis.io/) is an in-memory data store similar to memcached. While Redis has been an optional component of
NetBox since the introduction of webhooks in version 2.4, it is required starting in 2.6 to support NetBox's caching
functionality (as well as other planned features). In 2.7, the connection settings were broken down into two sections for
task queuing and caching, allowing the user to connect to different Redis instances/databases per feature.
Redis is configured using a configuration setting similar to `DATABASE` and these settings are the same for both of the `tasks` and `caching` subsections:
*`HOST` - Name or IP address of the Redis server (use `localhost` if running locally)
*`PORT` - TCP port of the Redis service; leave blank for default port (6379)
*`USERNAME` - Redis username (if set)
*`PASSWORD` - Redis password (if set)
*`DATABASE` - Numeric database ID
*`SSL` - Use SSL connection to Redis
*`INSECURE_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY` - Set to `True` to **disable** TLS certificate verification (not recommended)
An example configuration is provided below:
```python
REDIS={
'tasks':{
'HOST':'redis.example.com',
'PORT':1234,
'USERNAME':'netbox'
'PASSWORD':'foobar',
'DATABASE':0,
'SSL':False,
},
'caching':{
'HOST':'localhost',
'PORT':6379,
'USERNAME':''
'PASSWORD':'',
'DATABASE':1,
'SSL':False,
}
}
```
!!! note
If you are upgrading from a NetBox release older than v2.7.0, please note that the Redis connection configuration
settings have changed. Manual modification to bring the `REDIS` section inline with the above specification is
necessary
!!! warning
It is highly recommended to keep the task and cache databases separate. Using the same database number on the
same Redis instance for both may result in queued background tasks being lost during cache flushing events.
### Using Redis Sentinel
If you are using [Redis Sentinel](https://redis.io/topics/sentinel) for high-availability purposes, there is minimal
configuration necessary to convert NetBox to recognize it. It requires the removal of the `HOST` and `PORT` keys from
above and the addition of three new keys.
*`SENTINELS`: List of tuples or tuple of tuples with each inner tuple containing the name or IP address
of the Redis server and port for each sentinel instance to connect to
*`SENTINEL_SERVICE`: Name of the master / service to connect to
*`SENTINEL_TIMEOUT`: Connection timeout, in seconds
It is permissible to use Sentinel for only one database and not the other.
---
## SECRET_KEY
This is a secret, pseudorandom string used to assist in the creation new cryptographic hashes for passwords and HTTP cookies. The key defined here should not be shared outside the configuration file. `SECRET_KEY` can be changed at any time without impacting stored data, however be aware that doing so will invalidate all existing user sessions. NetBox deployments comprising multiple nodes must have the same secret key configured on all nodes.
`SECRET_KEY`**must** be at least 50 characters in length, and should contain a mix of letters, digits, and symbols. The script located at `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/generate_secret_key.py` may be used to generate a suitable key. Please note that this key is **not** used directly for hashing user passwords or for the encrypted storage of secret data in NetBox.
This is a list of valid fully-qualified domain names (FQDNs) and/or IP addresses that can be used to reach the NetBox service. Usually this is the same as the hostname for the NetBox server, but can also be different; for example, when using a reverse proxy serving the NetBox website under a different FQDN than the hostname of the NetBox server. To help guard against [HTTP Host header attackes](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/security/#host-headers-virtual-hosting), NetBox will not permit access to the server via any other hostnames (or IPs).
!!! note
This parameter must always be defined as a list or tuple, even if only value is provided.
The value of this option is also used to set `CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS`, which restricts POST requests to the same set of hosts (more about this [here](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#std:setting-CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS)). Keep in mind that NetBox, by default, sets `USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST` to true, which means that if you're using a reverse proxy, it's the FQDN used to reach that reverse proxy which needs to be in this list (more about this [here](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts)).
If you are not yet sure what the domain name and/or IP address of the NetBox installation will be, and are comfortable accepting the risks in doing so, you can set this to a wildcard (asterisk) to allow all host values:
```
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
```
---
## DATABASE
NetBox requires access to a PostgreSQL 9.6 or later database service to store data. This service can run locally on the NetBox server or on a remote system. The following parameters must be defined within the `DATABASE` dictionary:
*`NAME` - Database name
*`USER` - PostgreSQL username
*`PASSWORD` - PostgreSQL password
*`HOST` - Name or IP address of the database server (use `localhost` if running locally)
*`PORT` - TCP port of the PostgreSQL service; leave blank for default port (TCP/5432)
*`CONN_MAX_AGE` - Lifetime of a [persistent database connection](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/databases/#persistent-connections), in seconds (300 is the default)
'PORT':'',# Database port (leave blank for default)
'CONN_MAX_AGE':300,# Max database connection age
}
```
!!! note
NetBox supports all PostgreSQL database options supported by the underlying Django framework. For a complete list of available parameters, please see [the Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#databases).
---
## REDIS
[Redis](https://redis.io/) is an in-memory data store similar to memcached. While Redis has been an optional component of
NetBox since the introduction of webhooks in version 2.4, it is required starting in 2.6 to support NetBox's caching
functionality (as well as other planned features). In 2.7, the connection settings were broken down into two sections for
task queuing and caching, allowing the user to connect to different Redis instances/databases per feature.
Redis is configured using a configuration setting similar to `DATABASE` and these settings are the same for both of the `tasks` and `caching` subsections:
*`HOST` - Name or IP address of the Redis server (use `localhost` if running locally)
*`PORT` - TCP port of the Redis service; leave blank for default port (6379)
*`PASSWORD` - Redis password (if set)
*`DATABASE` - Numeric database ID
*`DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` - Connection timeout in seconds
*`SSL` - Use SSL connection to Redis
An example configuration is provided below:
```python
REDIS={
'tasks':{
'HOST':'redis.example.com',
'PORT':1234,
'PASSWORD':'foobar',
'DATABASE':0,
'DEFAULT_TIMEOUT':300,
'SSL':False,
},
'caching':{
'HOST':'localhost',
'PORT':6379,
'PASSWORD':'',
'DATABASE':1,
'DEFAULT_TIMEOUT':300,
'SSL':False,
}
}
```
!!! note
If you are upgrading from a NetBox release older than v2.7.0, please note that the Redis connection configuration
settings have changed. Manual modification to bring the `REDIS` section inline with the above specification is
necessary
!!! warning
It is highly recommended to keep the task and cache databases separate. Using the same database number on the
same Redis instance for both may result in queued background tasks being lost during cache flushing events.
### Using Redis Sentinel
If you are using [Redis Sentinel](https://redis.io/topics/sentinel) for high-availability purposes, there is minimal
configuration necessary to convert NetBox to recognize it. It requires the removal of the `HOST` and `PORT` keys from
above and the addition of two new keys.
*`SENTINELS`: List of tuples or tuple of tuples with each inner tuple containing the name or IP address
of the Redis server and port for each sentinel instance to connect to
*`SENTINEL_SERVICE`: Name of the master / service to connect to
It is permissible to use Sentinel for only one database and not the other.
---
## SECRET_KEY
This is a secret, random string used to assist in the creation new cryptographic hashes for passwords and HTTP cookies. The key defined here should not be shared outside of the configuration file. `SECRET_KEY` can be changed at any time, however be aware that doing so will invalidate all existing sessions.
Please note that this key is **not** used directly for hashing user passwords or for the encrypted storage of secret data in NetBox.
`SECRET_KEY` should be at least 50 characters in length and contain a random mix of letters, digits, and symbols. The script located at `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/generate_secret_key.py` may be used to generate a suitable key.
If disabled, the values of API tokens will not be displayed after each token's initial creation. A user **must** record the value of a token prior to its creation, or it will be lost. Note that this affects _all_ users, regardless of assigned permissions.
A list of permitted URL schemes referenced when rendering links within NetBox. Note that only the schemes specified in this list will be accepted: If adding your own, be sure to replicate all the default values as well (excluding those schemes which are not desirable).
---
## AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS
This parameter acts as a pass-through for configuring Django's built-in password validators for local user accounts. If configured, these will be applied whenever a user's password is updated to ensure that it meets minimum criteria such as length or complexity. An example is provided below. For more detail on the available options, please see [the Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/auth/passwords/#password-validation).
If True, cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) requests will be accepted from all origins. If False, a whitelist will be used (see below).
---
## CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST
## CORS_ORIGIN_REGEX_WHITELIST
These settings specify a list of origins that are authorized to make cross-site API requests. Use
`CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST` to define a list of exact hostnames, or `CORS_ORIGIN_REGEX_WHITELIST` to define a set of regular
expressions. (These settings have no effect if `CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL` is True.) For example:
```python
CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST=[
'https://example.com',
]
```
---
## CSRF_COOKIE_NAME
Default: `csrftoken`
The name of the cookie to use for the cross-site request forgery (CSRF) authentication token. See the [Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#csrf-cookie-name) for more detail.
---
## CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE
Default: False
If true, the cookie employed for cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection will be marked as secure, meaning that it can only be sent across an HTTPS connection.
---
## CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS
Default: `[]`
Defines a list of trusted origins for unsafe (e.g. `POST`) requests. This is a pass-through to Django's [`CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS`](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#std:setting-CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS) setting. Note that each host listed must specify a scheme (e.g. `http://` or `https://).
```python
CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS = (
'http://netbox.local',
'https://netbox.local',
)
```
---
## DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS
!!! info "This parameter was introduced in NetBox v3.6."
Default:
```python
{
'users.view_token': ({'user': '$user'},),
'users.add_token': ({'user': '$user'},),
'users.change_token': ({'user': '$user'},),
'users.delete_token': ({'user': '$user'},),
}
```
This parameter defines object permissions that are applied automatically to _any_ authenticated user, regardless of what permissions have been defined in the database. By default, this parameter is defined to allow all users to manage their own API tokens, however it can be overriden for any purpose.
For example, to allow all users to create a device role beginning with the word "temp," you could configure the following:
```python
DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS = {
'dcim.add_devicerole': (
{'name__startswith': 'temp'},
)
}
```
!!! warning
Setting a custom value for this parameter will overwrite the default permission mapping shown above. If you want to retain the default mapping, be sure to reproduce it in your custom configuration.
---
## EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS
Default: Empty list
A list of NetBox models to exempt from the enforcement of view permissions. Models listed here will be viewable by all users, both authenticated and anonymous.
List models in the form `<app>.<model>`. For example:
```python
EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS = [
'dcim.site',
'dcim.region',
'ipam.prefix',
]
```
To exempt _all_ models from view permission enforcement, set the following. (Note that `EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS` must be an iterable.)
```python
EXEMPT_VIEW_PERMISSIONS = ['*']
```
!!! note
Using a wildcard will not affect certain potentially sensitive models, such as user permissions. If there is a need to exempt these models, they must be specified individually.
---
## LOGIN_PERSISTENCE
Default: False
If true, the lifetime of a user's authentication session will be automatically reset upon each valid request. For example, if [`LOGIN_TIMEOUT`](#login_timeout) is configured to 14 days (the default), and a user whose session is due to expire in five days makes a NetBox request (with a valid session cookie), the session's lifetime will be reset to 14 days.
Note that enabling this setting causes NetBox to update a user's session in the database (or file, as configured per [`SESSION_FILE_PATH`](#session_file_path)) with each request, which may introduce significant overhead in very active environments. It also permits an active user to remain authenticated to NetBox indefinitely.
---
## LOGIN_REQUIRED
Default: False
Setting this to True will permit only authenticated users to access any part of NetBox. By default, anonymous users are permitted to access most data in NetBox but not make any changes.
---
## LOGIN_TIMEOUT
Default: 1209600 seconds (14 days)
The lifetime (in seconds) of the authentication cookie issued to a NetBox user upon login.
---
## LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL
Default: `'home'`
The view name or URL to which a user is redirected after logging out.
---
## SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT
Default: False
If true, all non-HTTPS requests will be automatically redirected to use HTTPS.
!!! warning
Ensure that your frontend HTTP daemon has been configured to forward the HTTP scheme correctly before enabling this option. An incorrectly configured frontend may result in a looping redirect.
---
## SESSION_COOKIE_NAME
Default: `sessionid`
The name used for the session cookie. See the [Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#session-cookie-name) for more detail.
---
## SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE
Default: False
If true, the cookie employed for session authentication will be marked as secure, meaning that it can only be sent across an HTTPS connection.
---
## SESSION_FILE_PATH
Default: None
HTTP session data is used to track authenticated users when they access NetBox. By default, NetBox stores session data in its PostgreSQL database. However, this inhibits authentication to a standby instance of NetBox without write access to the database. Alternatively, a local file path may be specified here and NetBox will store session data as files instead of using the database. Note that the NetBox system user must have read and write permissions to this path.
The base URL path to use when accessing NetBox. Do not include the scheme or domain name. For example, if installed at https://example.com/netbox/, set:
```python
BASE_PATH='netbox/'
```
---
## DEFAULT_LANGUAGE
Default: `en-us` (US English)
Defines the default preferred language/locale for requests that do not specify one. This is used to alter e.g. the display of dates and numbers to fit the user's locale. See [this list](http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html) of standard language codes. (This parameter maps to Django's [`LANGUAGE_CODE`](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#language-code) internal setting.)
!!! note
Altering this parameter will *not* change the language used in NetBox. We hope to provide translation support in a future NetBox release.
---
## DOCS_ROOT
Default: `$INSTALL_ROOT/docs/`
The filesystem path to NetBox's documentation. This is used when presenting context-sensitive documentation in the web UI. By default, this will be the `docs/` directory within the root NetBox installation path. (Set this to `None` to disable the embedded documentation.)
---
## EMAIL
In order to send email, NetBox needs an email server configured. The following items can be defined within the `EMAIL` configuration parameter:
*`SERVER` - Hostname or IP address of the email server (use `localhost` if running locally)
*`PORT` - TCP port to use for the connection (default: `25`)
*`USERNAME` - Username with which to authenticate
*`PASSWORD` - Password with which to authenticate
*`USE_SSL` - Use SSL when connecting to the server (default: `False`)
*`USE_TLS` - Use TLS when connecting to the server (default: `False`)
*`SSL_CERTFILE` - Path to the PEM-formatted SSL certificate file (optional)
*`SSL_KEYFILE` - Path to the PEM-formatted SSL private key file (optional)
*`TIMEOUT` - Amount of time to wait for a connection, in seconds (default: `10`)
*`FROM_EMAIL` - Sender address for emails sent by NetBox
!!! note
The `USE_SSL` and `USE_TLS` parameters are mutually exclusive.
Email is sent from NetBox only for critical events or if configured for [logging](#logging). If you would like to test the email server configuration, Django provides a convenient [send_mail()](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/email/#send-mail) function accessible within the NetBox shell:
```no-highlight
# python ./manage.py nbshell
>>> from django.core.mail import send_mail
>>> send_mail(
'Test Email Subject',
'Test Email Body',
'noreply-netbox@example.com',
['users@example.com'],
fail_silently=False
)
```
---
## ENABLE_LOCALIZATION
Default: False
Determines if localization features are enabled or not. This should only be enabled for development or testing purposes as netbox is not yet fully localized. Turning this on will localize numeric and date formats (overriding what is set for DATE_FORMAT) based on the browser locale as well as translate certain strings from third party modules.
---
## GIT_PATH
Default: `git`
The system path to the `git` executable, used by the synchronization backend for remote git repositories.
---
## HTTP_PROXIES
Default: None
A dictionary of HTTP proxies to use for outbound requests originating from NetBox (e.g. when sending webhook requests). Proxies should be specified by schema (HTTP and HTTPS) as per the [Python requests library documentation](https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies). For example:
```python
HTTP_PROXIES = {
'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128',
'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',
}
```
---
## INTERNAL_IPS
Default: `('127.0.0.1', '::1')`
A list of IP addresses recognized as internal to the system, used to control the display of debugging output. For
example, the debugging toolbar will be viewable only when a client is accessing NetBox from one of the listed IP
addresses (and [`DEBUG`](#debug) is true).
---
## JINJA2_FILTERS
Default: `{}`
A dictionary of custom jinja2 filters with the key being the filter name and the value being a callable. For more information see the [Jinja2 documentation](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/3.1.x/api/#custom-filters). For example:
```python
def uppercase(x):
return str(x).upper()
JINJA2_FILTERS = {
'uppercase': uppercase,
}
```
---
## LOGGING
By default, all messages of INFO severity or higher will be logged to the console. Additionally, if [`DEBUG`](#debug) is False and email access has been configured, ERROR and CRITICAL messages will be emailed to the users defined in [`ADMINS`](#admins).
The Django framework on which NetBox runs allows for the customization of logging format and destination. Please consult the [Django logging documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/logging/) for more information on configuring this setting. Below is an example which will write all INFO and higher messages to a local file:
```python
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'file': {
'level': 'INFO',
'class': 'logging.FileHandler',
'filename': '/var/log/netbox.log',
},
},
'loggers': {
'django': {
'handlers': ['file'],
'level': 'INFO',
},
},
}
```
### Available Loggers
* `netbox.<app>.<model>` - Generic form for model-specific log messages
* `netbox.auth.*` - Authentication events
* `netbox.api.views.*` - Views which handle business logic for the REST API
* `netbox.views.*` - Views which handle business logic for the web UI
---
## MEDIA_ROOT
Default: $INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/media/
The file path to the location where media files (such as image attachments) are stored. By default, this is the `netbox/media/` directory within the base NetBox installation path.
---
## REPORTS_ROOT
Default: `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/reports/`
The file path to the location where [custom reports](../customization/reports.md) will be kept. By default, this is the `netbox/reports/` directory within the base NetBox installation path.
---
## SCRIPTS_ROOT
Default: `$INSTALL_ROOT/netbox/scripts/`
The file path to the location where [custom scripts](../customization/custom-scripts.md) will be kept. By default, this is the `netbox/scripts/` directory within the base NetBox installation path.
The dotted path to the desired search backend class. `CachedValueSearchBackend` is currently the only search backend provided in NetBox, however this setting can be used to enable a custom backend.
---
## STORAGE_BACKEND
Default: None (local storage)
The backend storage engine for handling uploaded files (e.g. image attachments). NetBox supports integration with the [`django-storages`](https://django-storages.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) package, which provides backends for several popular file storage services. If not configured, local filesystem storage will be used.
The configuration parameters for the specified storage backend are defined under the `STORAGE_CONFIG` setting.
---
## STORAGE_CONFIG
Default: Empty
A dictionary of configuration parameters for the storage backend configured as `STORAGE_BACKEND`. The specific parameters to be used here are specific to each backend; see the [`django-storages` documentation](https://django-storages.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) for more detail.
If `STORAGE_BACKEND` is not defined, this setting will be ignored.
Each device type is assigned a number of component templates which define the physical components within a device. These are:
* Console ports
* Console server ports
* Power ports
* Power outlets
* Network interfaces
* Front ports
* Rear ports
* Device bays (which house child devices)
Whenever a new device is created, its components are automatically created per the templates assigned to its device type. For example, a Juniper EX4300-48T device type might have the following component templates defined:
* One template for a console port ("Console")
* Two templates for power ports ("PSU0" and "PSU1")
* 48 templates for 1GE interfaces ("ge-0/0/0" through "ge-0/0/47")
* Four templates for 10GE interfaces ("xe-0/2/0" through "xe-0/2/3")
Once component templates have been created, every new device that you create as an instance of this type will automatically be assigned each of the components listed above.
!!! note
Assignment of components from templates occurs only at the time of device creation. If you modify the templates of a device type, it will not affect devices which have already been created. However, you always have the option of adding, modifying, or deleting components on existing devices.
Each model in NetBox is represented in the database as a discrete table, and each attribute of a model exists as a column within its table. For example, sites are stored in the `dcim_site` table, which has columns named `name`, `facility`, `physical_address`, and so on. As new attributes are added to objects throughout the development of NetBox, tables are expanded to include new rows.
However, some users might want to store additional object attributes that are somewhat esoteric in nature, and that would not make sense to include in the core NetBox database schema. For instance, suppose your organization needs to associate each device with a ticket number correlating it with an internal support system record. This is certainly a legitimate use for NetBox, but it's not a common enough need to warrant including a field for _every_ NetBox installation. Instead, you can create a custom field to hold this data.
Within the database, custom fields are stored as JSON data directly alongside each object. This alleviates the need for complex queries when retrieving objects.
## Creating Custom Fields
Custom fields may be created by navigating to Customization > Custom Fields. NetBox supports many types of custom field:
* Text: Free-form text (intended for single-line use)
* Long text: Free-form of any length; supports Markdown rendering
* Integer: A whole number (positive or negative)
* Decimal: A fixed-precision decimal number (4 decimal places)
* Boolean: True or false
* Date: A date in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD)
* Date & time: A date and time in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)
* URL: This will be presented as a link in the web UI
* JSON: Arbitrary data stored in JSON format
* Selection: A selection of one of several pre-defined custom choices
* Multiple selection: A selection field which supports the assignment of multiple values
* Object: A single NetBox object of the type defined by `object_type`
* Multiple object: One or more NetBox objects of the type defined by `object_type`
Each custom field must have a name. This should be a simple database-friendly string (e.g. `tps_report`) and may contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores. You may also assign a corresponding human-friendly label (e.g. "TPS report"); the label will be displayed on web forms. A weight is also required: Higher-weight fields will be ordered lower within a form. (The default weight is 100.) If a description is provided, it will appear beneath the field in a form.
Marking a field as required will force the user to provide a value for the field when creating a new object or when saving an existing object. A default value for the field may also be provided. Use "true" or "false" for boolean fields, or the exact value of a choice for selection fields.
A custom field must be assigned to one or more object types, or models, in NetBox. Once created, custom fields will automatically appear as part of these models in the web UI and REST API. Note that not all models support custom fields.
### Filtering
The filter logic controls how values are matched when filtering objects by the custom field. Loose filtering (the default) matches on a partial value, whereas exact matching requires a complete match of the given string to a field's value. For example, exact filtering with the string "red" will only match the exact value "red", whereas loose filtering will match on the values "red", "red-orange", or "bored". Setting the filter logic to "disabled" disables filtering by the field entirely.
### Grouping
Related custom fields can be grouped together within the UI by assigning each the same group name. When at least one custom field for an object type has a group defined, it will appear under the group heading within the custom fields panel under the object view. All custom fields with the same group name will appear under that heading. (Note that the group names must match exactly, or each will appear as a separate heading.)
This parameter has no effect on the API representation of custom field data.
### Visibility
When creating a custom field, there are three options for UI visibility. These control how and whether the custom field is displayed within the NetBox UI.
* **Read/write** (default): The custom field is included when viewing and editing objects.
* **Read-only**: The custom field is displayed when viewing an object, but it cannot be edited via the UI. (It will appear in the form as a read-only field.)
* **Hidden**: The custom field will never be displayed within the UI. This option is recommended for fields which are not intended for use by human users.
Note that this setting has no impact on the REST or GraphQL APIs: Custom field data will always be available via either API.
### Validation
NetBox supports limited custom validation for custom field values. Following are the types of validation enforced for each field type:
* Text: Regular expression (optional)
* Integer: Minimum and/or maximum value (optional)
* Selection: Must exactly match one of the prescribed choices
### Custom Selection Fields
Each custom selection field must designate a [choice set](../models/extras/customfieldchoiceset.md) containing at least two choices. These are specified as a comma-separated list.
If a default value is specified for a selection field, it must exactly match one of the provided choices. The value of a multiple selection field will always return a list, even if only one value is selected.
### Custom Object Fields
An object or multi-object custom field can be used to refer to a particular NetBox object or objects as the "value" for a custom field. These custom fields must define an `object_type`, which determines the type of object to which custom field instances point.
## Custom Fields in Templates
Several features within NetBox, such as export templates and webhooks, utilize Jinja2 templating. For convenience, objects which support custom field assignment expose custom field data through the `cf` property. This is a bit cleaner than accessing custom field data through the actual field (`custom_field_data`).
For example, a custom field named `foo123` on the Site model is accessible on an instance as `{{ site.cf.foo123 }}`.
## Custom Fields and the REST API
When retrieving an object via the REST API, all of its custom data will be included within the `custom_fields` attribute. For example, below is the partial output of a site with two custom fields defined:
Custom links allow users to display arbitrary hyperlinks to external content within NetBox object views. These are helpful for cross-referencing related records in systems outside NetBox. For example, you might create a custom link on the device view which links to the current device in a Network Monitoring System (NMS).
Custom links are created by navigating to Customization > Custom Links. Each link is associated with a particular NetBox object type (site, device, prefix, etc.) and will be displayed on relevant views. Each link has display text and a URL, and data from the NetBox item being viewed can be included in the link using [Jinja2 template code](https://jinja2docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) through the variable `object`, and custom fields through `object.cf`.
Custom links appear as buttons in the top right corner of the page. Numeric weighting can be used to influence the ordering of links, and each link can be enabled or disabled individually.
!!! warning
Custom links rely on user-created code to generate arbitrary HTML output, which may be dangerous. Only grant permission to create or modify custom links to trusted users.
## Context Data
The following context data is available within the template when rendering a custom link's text or URL.
| `debug` | A boolean indicating whether debugging is enabled |
| `request` | The current WSGI request |
| `user` | The current user (if authenticated) |
| `perms` | The [permissions](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/auth/default/#permissions) assigned to the user |
While most of the context variables listed above will have consistent attributes, the object will be an instance of the specific object being viewed when the link is rendered. Different models have different fields and properties, so you may need to some research to determine the attributes available for use within your template for a specific object type.
Checking the REST API representation of an object is generally a convenient way to determine what attributes are available. You can also reference the NetBox source code directly for a comprehensive list.
## Conditional Rendering
Only links which render with non-empty text are included on the page. You can employ conditional Jinja2 logic to control the conditions under which a link gets rendered.
For example, if you only want to display a link for active devices, you could set the link text to
```jinja2
{% if object.status == 'active' %}View NMS{% endif %}
```
The link will not appear when viewing a device with any status other than "active."
As another example, if you wanted to show only devices belonging to a certain manufacturer, you could do something like this:
```jinja2
{% if object.device_type.manufacturer.name == 'Cisco' %}View NMS{% endif %}
```
The link will only appear when viewing a device with a manufacturer name of "Cisco."
## Link Groups
Group names can be specified to organize links into groups. Links with the same group name will render as a dropdown menu beneath a single button bearing the name of the group.
## Table Columns
Custom links can also be included in object tables by selecting the desired links from the table configuration form. When displayed, each link will render as a hyperlink for its corresponding object. When exported (e.g. as CSV data), each link render only its URL.
Custom scripting was introduced to provide a way for users to execute custom logic from within the NetBox UI. Custom scripts enable the user to directly and conveniently manipulate NetBox data in a prescribed fashion. They can be used to accomplish myriad tasks, such as:
* Automatically populate new devices and cables in preparation for a new site deployment
* Create a range of new reserved prefixes or IP addresses
* Fetch data from an external source and import it to NetBox
Custom scripts are Python code and exist outside of the official NetBox code base, so they can be updated and changed without interfering with the core NetBox installation. And because they're completely custom, there is no inherent limitation on what a script can accomplish.
## Writing Custom Scripts
All custom scripts must inherit from the `extras.scripts.Script` base class. This class provides the functionality necessary to generate forms and log activity.
```python
fromextras.scriptsimportScript
classMyScript(Script):
...
```
Scripts comprise two core components: a set of variables and a `run()` method. Variables allow your script to accept user input via the NetBox UI, but they are optional: If your script does not require any user input, there is no need to define any variables.
The `run()` method is where your script's execution logic lives. (Note that your script can have as many methods as needed: this is merely the point of invocation for NetBox.)
```python
classMyScript(Script):
var1=StringVar(...)
var2=IntegerVar(...)
var3=ObjectVar(...)
defrun(self,data,commit):
...
```
The `run()` method should accept two arguments:
*`data` - A dictionary containing all the variable data passed via the web form.
*`commit` - A boolean indicating whether database changes will be committed.
Defining script variables is optional: You may create a script with only a `run()` method if no user input is needed.
Any output generated by the script during its execution will be displayed under the "output" tab in the UI.
By default, scripts within a module are ordered alphabetically in the scripts list page. To return scripts in a specific order, you can define the `script_order` variable at the end of your module. The `script_order` variable is a tuple which contains each Script class in the desired order. Any scripts that are omitted from this list will be listed last.
```python
fromextras.scriptsimportScript
classMyCustomScript(Script):
...
classAnotherCustomScript(Script):
...
script_order=(MyCustomScript,AnotherCustomScript)
```
## Module Attributes
### `name`
You can define `name` within a script module (the Python file which contains one or more scripts) to set the module name. If `name` is not defined, the module's file name will be used.
## Script Attributes
Script attributes are defined under a class named `Meta` within the script. These are optional, but encouraged.
### `name`
This is the human-friendly names of your script. If omitted, the class name will be used.
### `description`
A human-friendly description of what your script does.
### `field_order`
By default, script variables will be ordered in the form as they are defined in the script. `field_order` may be defined as an iterable of field names to determine the order in which variables are rendered within a default "Script Data" group. Any fields not included in this iterable be listed last. If `fieldsets` is defined, `field_order` will be ignored. A fieldset group for "Script Execution Parameters" will be added to the end of the form by default for the user.
### `fieldsets`
`fieldsets` may be defined as an iterable of field groups and their field names to determine the order in which variables are group and rendered. Any fields not included in this iterable will not be displayed in the form. If `fieldsets` is defined, `field_order` will be ignored. A fieldset group for "Script Execution Parameters" will be added to the end of the fieldsets by default for the user.
An example fieldset definition is provided below:
```python
classMyScript(Script):
classMeta:
fieldsets=(
('First group',('field1','field2','field3')),
('Second group',('field4','field5')),
)
```
### `commit_default`
The checkbox to commit database changes when executing a script is checked by default. Set `commit_default` to False under the script's Meta class to leave this option unchecked by default.
```python
commit_default=False
```
### `scheduling_enabled`
By default, a script can be scheduled for execution at a later time. Setting `scheduling_enabled` to False disables this ability: Only immediate execution will be possible. (This also disables the ability to set a recurring execution interval.)
### `job_timeout`
Set the maximum allowed runtime for the script. If not set, `RQ_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` will be used.
## Accessing Request Data
Details of the current HTTP request (the one being made to execute the script) are available as the instance attribute `self.request`. This can be used to infer, for example, the user executing the script and the client IP address:
self.log_info(f"Running as user {username} (IP: {ip_address})...")
```
For a complete list of available request parameters, please see the [Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/request-response/).
## Reading Data from Files
The Script class provides two convenience methods for reading data from files:
*`load_yaml`
*`load_json`
These two methods will load data in YAML or JSON format, respectively, from files within the local path (i.e. `SCRIPTS_ROOT`).
## Logging
The Script object provides a set of convenient functions for recording messages at different severity levels:
*`log_debug`
*`log_success`
*`log_info`
*`log_warning`
*`log_failure`
Log messages are returned to the user upon execution of the script. Markdown rendering is supported for log messages.
## Change Logging
To generate the correct change log data when editing an existing object, a snapshot of the object must be taken before making any changes to the object.
```python
ifobj.pkandhasattr(obj,'snapshot'):
obj.snapshot()
obj.property="New Value"
obj.full_clean()
obj.save()
```
## Error handling
Sometimes things go wrong and a script will run into an `Exception`. If that happens and an uncaught exception is raised by the custom script, the execution is aborted and a full stack trace is reported.
Although this is helpful for debugging, in some situations it might be required to cleanly abort the execution of a custom script (e.g. because of invalid input data) and thereby make sure no changes are performed on the database. In this case the script can throw an `AbortScript` exception, which will prevent the stack trace from being reported, but still terminating the script's execution and reporting a given error message.
```python
fromutilities.exceptionsimportAbortScript
ifsome_error:
raiseAbortScript("Some meaningful error message")
```
## Variable Reference
### Default Options
All custom script variables support the following default options:
*`default` - The field's default value
*`description` - A brief user-friendly description of the field
*`label` - The field name to be displayed in the rendered form
*`required` - Indicates whether the field is mandatory (all fields are required by default)
*`widget` - The class of form widget to use (see the [Django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/forms/widgets/))
### StringVar
Stores a string of characters (i.e. text). Options include:
*`min_length` - Minimum number of characters
*`max_length` - Maximum number of characters
*`regex` - A regular expression against which the provided value must match
Note that `min_length` and `max_length` can be set to the same number to effect a fixed-length field.
### TextVar
Arbitrary text of any length. Renders as a multi-line text input field.
### IntegerVar
Stores a numeric integer. Options include:
*`min_value` - Minimum value
*`max_value` - Maximum value
### BooleanVar
A true/false flag. This field has no options beyond the defaults listed above.
### ChoiceVar
A set of choices from which the user can select one.
*`choices` - A list of `(value, label)` tuples representing the available choices. For example:
```python
CHOICES=(
('n','North'),
('s','South'),
('e','East'),
('w','West')
)
direction=ChoiceVar(choices=CHOICES)
```
In the example above, selecting the choice labeled "North" will submit the value `n`.
### MultiChoiceVar
Similar to `ChoiceVar`, but allows for the selection of multiple choices.
### ObjectVar
A particular object within NetBox. Each ObjectVar must specify a particular model, and allows the user to select one of the available instances. ObjectVar accepts several arguments, listed below.
*`model` - The model class
*`query_params` - A dictionary of query parameters to use when retrieving available options (optional)
*`null_option` - A label representing a "null" or empty choice (optional)
To limit the selections available within the list, additional query parameters can be passed as the `query_params` dictionary. For example, to show only devices with an "active" status:
```python
device=ObjectVar(
model=Device,
query_params={
'status':'active'
}
)
```
Multiple values can be specified by assigning a list to the dictionary key. It is also possible to reference the value of other fields in the form by prepending a dollar sign (`$`) to the variable's name.
```python
region=ObjectVar(
model=Region
)
site=ObjectVar(
model=Site,
query_params={
'region_id':'$region'
}
)
```
### MultiObjectVar
Similar to `ObjectVar`, but allows for the selection of multiple objects.
### FileVar
An uploaded file. Note that uploaded files are present in memory only for the duration of the script's execution: They will not be automatically saved for future use. The script is responsible for writing file contents to disk where necessary.
### IPAddressVar
An IPv4 or IPv6 address, without a mask. Returns a `netaddr.IPAddress` object.
### IPAddressWithMaskVar
An IPv4 or IPv6 address with a mask. Returns a `netaddr.IPNetwork` object which includes the mask.
### IPNetworkVar
An IPv4 or IPv6 network with a mask. Returns a `netaddr.IPNetwork` object. Two attributes are available to validate the provided mask:
*`min_prefix_length` - Minimum length of the mask
*`max_prefix_length` - Maximum length of the mask
## Running Custom Scripts
!!! note
To run a custom script, a user must be assigned via permissions for `Extras > Script`, `Extras > ScriptModule`, and `Core > ManagedFile` objects. They must also be assigned the `extras.run_script` permission. This is achieved by assigning the user (or group) a permission on the Script object and specifying the `run` action in the admin UI as shown below.

### Via the Web UI
Custom scripts can be run via the web UI by navigating to the script, completing any required form data, and clicking the "run script" button. It is possible to schedule a script to be executed at specified time in the future. A scheduled script can be canceled by deleting the associated job result object.
### Via the API
To run a script via the REST API, issue a POST request to the script's endpoint specifying the form data and commitment. For example, to run a script named `example.MyReport`, we would make a request such as the following:
The required ``<module>.<script>`` argument is the script to run where ``<module>`` is the name of the python file in the ``scripts`` directory without the ``.py`` extension and ``<script>`` is the name of the script class in the ``<module>`` to run.
The optional ``--data "<data>"`` argument is the data to send to the script
The optional ``--loglevel`` argument is the desired logging level to output to the console.
The optional ``--commit`` argument will commit any changes in the script to the database.
## Example
Below is an example script that creates new objects for a planned site. The user is prompted for three variables:
* The name of the new site
* The device model (a filtered list of defined device types)
* The number of access switches to create
These variables are presented as a web form to be completed by the user. Once submitted, the script's `run()` method is called to create the appropriate objects.
```python
from django.utils.text import slugify
from dcim.choices import DeviceStatusChoices, SiteStatusChoices
from dcim.models import Device, DeviceRole, DeviceType, Manufacturer, Site
NetBox validates every object prior to it being written to the database to ensure data integrity. This validation includes things like checking for proper formatting and that references to related objects are valid. However, you may wish to supplement this validation with some rules of your own. For example, perhaps you require that every site's name conforms to a specific pattern. This can be done using custom validation rules.
## Custom Validation Rules
Custom validation rules are expressed as a mapping of model attributes to a set of rules to which that attribute must conform. For example:
```json
{
"name":{
"min_length":5,
"max_length":30
}
}
```
This defines a custom validator which checks that the length of the `name` attribute for an object is at least five characters long, and no longer than 30 characters. This validation is executed _after_ NetBox has performed its own internal validation.
The `CustomValidator` class supports several validation types:
*`min`: Minimum value
*`max`: Maximum value
*`min_length`: Minimum string length
*`max_length`: Maximum string length
*`regex`: Application of a [regular expression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression)
*`required`: A value must be specified
*`prohibited`: A value must _not_ be specified
The `min` and `max` types should be defined for numeric values, whereas `min_length`, `max_length`, and `regex` are suitable for character strings (text values). The `required` and `prohibited` validators may be used for any field, and should be passed a value of `True`.
!!! warning
Bear in mind that these validators merely supplement NetBox's own validation: They will not override it. For example, if a certain model field is required by NetBox, setting a validator for it with `{'prohibited': True}` will not work.
### Custom Validation Logic
There may be instances where the provided validation types are insufficient. NetBox provides a `CustomValidator` class which can be extended to enforce arbitrary validation logic by overriding its `validate()` method, and calling `fail()` when an unsatisfactory condition is detected.
self.fail("Active sites must have a description set!",field='status')
```
The `fail()` method may optionally specify a field with which to associate the supplied error message. If specified, the error message will appear to the user as associated with this field. If omitted, the error message will not be associated with any field.
## Assigning Custom Validators
Custom validators are associated with specific NetBox models under the [CUSTOM_VALIDATORS](../configuration/data-validation.md#custom_validators) configuration parameter. There are three manners by which custom validation rules can be defined:
1. Plain JSON mapping (no custom logic)
2. Dotted path to a custom validator class
3. Direct reference to a custom validator class
### Plain Data
For cases where custom logic is not needed, it is sufficient to pass validation rules as plain JSON-compatible objects. This approach typically affords the most portability for your configuration. For instance:
```python
CUSTOM_VALIDATORS={
"dcim.site":[
{
"name":{
"min_length":5,
"max_length":30,
}
}
],
"dcim.device":[
{
"platform":{
"required":True,
}
}
]
}
```
### Dotted Path
In instances where a custom validator class is needed, it can be referenced by its Python path (relative to NetBox's working directory):
```python
CUSTOM_VALIDATORS={
'dcim.site':(
'my_validators.Validator1',
'my_validators.Validator2',
),
'dcim.device':(
'my_validators.Validator3',
)
}
```
### Direct Class Reference
This approach requires each class being instantiated to be imported directly within the Python configuration file.
NetBox allows users to define custom templates that can be used when exporting objects. To create an export template, navigate to Customization > Export Templates.
Each export template is associated with a certain type of object. For instance, if you create an export template for VLANs, your custom template will appear under the "Export" button on the VLANs list. Each export template must have a name, and may optionally designate a specific export [MIME type](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types) and/or file extension.
Export templates must be written in [Jinja2](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/).
!!! note
The name `table` is reserved for internal use.
!!! warning
Export templates are rendered using user-submitted code, which may pose security risks under certain conditions. Only grant permission to create or modify export templates to trusted users.
The list of objects returned from the database when rendering an export template is stored in the `queryset` variable, which you'll typically want to iterate through using a `for` loop. Object properties can be access by name. For example:
```jinja2
{% for rack in queryset %}
Rack: {{ rack.name }}
Site: {{ rack.site.name }}
Height: {{ rack.u_height }}U
{% endfor %}
```
To access custom fields of an object within a template, use the `cf` attribute. For example, `{{ obj.cf.color }}` will return the value (if any) for a custom field named `color` on `obj`.
If you need to use the config context data in an export template, you'll should use the function `get_config_context` to get all the config context data. For example:
```
{% for server in queryset %}
{% set data = server.get_config_context() %}
{{ data.syslog }}
{% endfor %}
```
The `as_attachment` attribute of an export template controls its behavior when rendered. If true, the rendered content will be returned to the user as a downloadable file. If false, it will be displayed within the browser. (This may be handy e.g. for generating HTML content.)
A MIME type and file extension can optionally be defined for each export template. The default MIME type is `text/plain`.
## REST API Integration
When it is necessary to provide authentication credentials (such as when [`LOGIN_REQUIRED`](../configuration/security.md#login_required) has been enabled), it is recommended to render export templates via the REST API. This allows the client to specify an authentication token. To render an export template via the REST API, make a `GET` request to the model's list endpoint and append the `export` parameter specifying the export template name. For example:
```
GET /api/dcim/sites/?export=MyTemplateName
```
Note that the body of the response will contain only the rendered export template content, as opposed to a JSON object or list.
## Example
Here's an example device export template that will generate a simple Nagios configuration from a list of devices.
```
{% for device in queryset %}{% if device.status and device.primary_ip %}define host{
use generic-switch
host_name {{ device.name }}
address {{ device.primary_ip.address.ip }}
}
{% endif %}{% endfor %}
```
The generated output will look something like this:
A NetBox report is a mechanism for validating the integrity of data within NetBox. Running a report allows the user to verify that the objects defined within NetBox meet certain arbitrary conditions. For example, you can write reports to check that:
* All top-of-rack switches have a console connection
* Every router has a loopback interface with an IP address assigned
* Each interface description conforms to a standard format
* Every site has a minimum set of VLANs defined
* All IP addresses have a parent prefix
...and so on. Reports are completely customizable, so there's practically no limit to what you can test for.
## Writing Reports
Reports must be saved as files in the [`REPORTS_ROOT`](../configuration/system.md#reports_root) path (which defaults to `netbox/reports/`). Each file created within this path is considered a separate module. Each module holds one or more reports (Python classes), each of which performs a certain function. The logic of each report is broken into discrete test methods, each of which applies a small portion of the logic comprising the overall test.
!!! warning
The reports path includes a file named `__init__.py`, which registers the path as a Python module. Do not delete this file.
For example, we can create a module named `devices.py` to hold all of our reports which pertain to devices in NetBox. Within that module, we might define several reports. Each report is defined as a Python class inheriting from `extras.reports.Report`.
```
from extras.reports import Report
class DeviceConnectionsReport(Report):
description = "Validate the minimum physical connections for each device"
class DeviceIPsReport(Report):
description = "Check that every device has a primary IP address assigned"
```
Within each report class, we'll create a number of test methods to execute our report's logic. In DeviceConnectionsReport, for instance, we want to ensure that every live device has a console connection, an out-of-band management connection, and two power connections.
```
from dcim.choices import DeviceStatusChoices
from dcim.models import ConsolePort, Device, PowerPort
from extras.reports import Report
class DeviceConnectionsReport(Report):
description = "Validate the minimum physical connections for each device"
def test_console_connection(self):
# Check that every console port for every active device has a connection defined.
active = DeviceStatusChoices.STATUS_ACTIVE
for console_port in ConsolePort.objects.prefetch_related('device').filter(device__status=active):
if not console_port.connected_endpoints:
self.log_failure(
console_port.device,
"No console connection defined for {}".format(console_port.name)
)
elif not console_port.connection_status:
self.log_warning(
console_port.device,
"Console connection for {} marked as planned".format(console_port.name)
)
else:
self.log_success(console_port.device)
def test_power_connections(self):
# Check that every active device has at least two connected power supplies.
for device in Device.objects.filter(status=DeviceStatusChoices.STATUS_ACTIVE):
connected_ports = 0
for power_port in PowerPort.objects.filter(device=device):
if power_port.connected_endpoints:
connected_ports += 1
if not power_port.path.is_active:
self.log_warning(
device,
"Power connection for {} marked as planned".format(power_port.name)
)
if connected_ports < 2:
self.log_failure(
device,
"{} connected power supplies found (2 needed)".format(connected_ports)
)
else:
self.log_success(device)
```
As you can see, reports are completely customizable. Validation logic can be as simple or as complex as needed. Also note that the `description` attribute support markdown syntax. It will be rendered in the report list page.
!!! warning
Reports should never alter data: If you find yourself using the `create()`, `save()`, `update()`, or `delete()` methods on objects within reports, stop and re-evaluate what you're trying to accomplish. Note that there are no safeguards against the accidental alteration or destruction of data.
## Report Attributes
### `description`
A human-friendly description of what your report does.
### `scheduling_enabled`
By default, a report can be scheduled for execution at a later time. Setting `scheduling_enabled` to False disables this ability: Only immediate execution will be possible. (This also disables the ability to set a recurring execution interval.)
### `job_timeout`
Set the maximum allowed runtime for the report. If not set, `RQ_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` will be used.
## Logging
The following methods are available to log results within a report:
* log(message)
* log_success(object, message=None)
* log_info(object, message)
* log_warning(object, message)
* log_failure(object, message)
The recording of one or more failure messages will automatically flag a report as failed. It is advised to log a success for each object that is evaluated so that the results will reflect how many objects are being reported on. (The inclusion of a log message is optional for successes.) Messages recorded with `log()` will appear in a report's results but are not associated with a particular object or status. Log messages also support using markdown syntax and will be rendered on the report result page.
To perform additional tasks, such as sending an email or calling a webhook, before or after a report is run, extend the `pre_run()` and/or `post_run()` methods, respectively.
By default, reports within a module are ordered alphabetically in the reports list page. To return reports in a specific order, you can define the `report_order` variable at the end of your module. The `report_order` variable is a tuple which contains each Report class in the desired order. Any reports that are omitted from this list will be listed last.
Once you have created a report, it will appear in the reports list. Initially, reports will have no results associated with them. To generate results, run the report.
## Running Reports
!!! note
To run a report, a user must be assigned via permissions for `Extras > Report`, `Extras > ReportModule`, and `Core > ManagedFile` objects. They must also be assigned the `extras.run_report` permission. This is achieved by assigning the user (or group) a permission on the Report object and specifying the `run` action in the admin UI as shown below.

### Via the Web UI
Reports can be run via the web UI by navigating to the report and clicking the "run report" button at top right. Once a report has been run, its associated results will be included in the report view. It is possible to schedule a report to be executed at specified time in the future. A scheduled report can be canceled by deleting the associated job result object.
### Via the API
To run a report via the API, simply issue a POST request to its `run` endpoint. Reports are identified by their module and class name.
```
POST /api/extras/reports/<module>.<name>/run/
```
Our example report above would be called as:
```
POST /api/extras/reports/devices.DeviceConnectionsReport/run/
```
Optionally `schedule_at` can be passed in the form data with a datetime string to schedule a script at the specified date and time.
### Via the CLI
Reports can be run on the CLI by invoking the management command:
```
python3 manage.py runreport <module>
```
where ``<module>`` is the name of the python file in the ``reports`` directory without the ``.py`` extension. One or more report modules may be specified.
Models within each app are stored in either `models.py` or within a submodule under the `models/` directory. When creating a model, be sure to subclass the [appropriate base model](models.md) from `netbox.models`. This will typically be NetBoxModel or OrganizationalModel. Remember to add the model class to the `__all__` listing for the module.
Each model should define, at a minimum:
* A `Meta` class specifying a deterministic ordering (if ordered by fields other than the primary ID)
* A `__str__()` method returning a user-friendly string representation of the instance
* A `get_absolute_url()` method returning an instance's direct URL (using `reverse()`)
## 2. Define field choices
If the model has one or more fields with static choices, define those choices in `choices.py` by subclassing `utilities.choices.ChoiceSet`.
## 3. Generate database migrations
Once your model definition is complete, generate database migrations by running `manage.py makemigrations -n $NAME --no-header`. Always specify a short unique name when generating migrations.
!!! info "Configuration Required"
Set `DEVELOPER = True` in your NetBox configuration to enable the creation of new migrations.
## 4. Add all standard views
Most models will need view classes created in `views.py` to serve the following operations:
* List view
* Detail view
* Edit view
* Delete view
* Bulk import
* Bulk edit
* Bulk delete
## 5. Add URL paths
Add the relevant URL path for each view created in the previous step to `urls.py`.
## 6. Add relevant forms
Depending on the type of model being added, you may need to define several types of form classes. These include:
* A base model form (for creating/editing individual objects)
* A bulk edit form
* A bulk import form (for CSV-based import)
* A filterset form (for filtering the object list view)
## 7. Create the FilterSet
Each model should have a corresponding FilterSet class defined. This is used to filter UI and API queries. Subclass the appropriate class from `netbox.filtersets` that matches the model's parent class.
## 8. Create the table class
Create a table class for the model in `tables.py` by subclassing `utilities.tables.BaseTable`. Under the table's `Meta` class, be sure to list both the fields and default columns.
## 9. Create a SearchIndex subclass
If this model will be included in global search results, create a subclass of `netbox.search.SearchIndex` for it and specify the fields to be indexed.
## 10. Create the object template
Create the HTML template for the object view. (The other views each typically employ a generic template.) This template should extend `generic/object.html`.
## 11. Add the model to the navigation menu
Add the relevant navigation menu items in `netbox/netbox/navigation/menu.py`.
## 12. REST API components
Create the following for each model:
* Detailed (full) model serializer in `api/serializers.py`
* Nested serializer in `api/nested_serializers.py`
* API view in `api/views.py`
* Endpoint route in `api/urls.py`
## 13. GraphQL API components
Create a Graphene object type for the model in `graphql/types.py` by subclassing the appropriate class from `netbox.graphql.types`.
Also extend the schema class defined in `graphql/schema.py` with the individual object and object list fields per the established convention.
## 14. Add tests
Add tests for the following:
* UI views
* API views
* Filter sets
## 15. Documentation
Create a new documentation page for the model in `docs/models/<app_label>/<model_name>.md`. Include this file under the "features" documentation where appropriate.
Also add your model to the index in `docs/development/models.md`.
The registry is an in-memory data structure which houses various miscellaneous application-wide parameters, such as installed plugins. It is not exposed to the user and is not intended to be modified by any code outside of NetBox core.
The registry is an in-memory data structure which houses various application-wide parameters, such as the list of enabled plugins. It is not exposed to the user and is not intended to be modified by any code outside of NetBox core.
The registry behaves essentially like a Python dictionary, with the notable exception that once a store (key) has been declared, it cannot be deleted or overwritten. The value of a store can, however, me modified; e.g. by appending a value to a list. Store values generally do not change once the application has been initialized.
The registry behaves essentially like a Python dictionary, with the notable exception that once a store (key) has been declared, it cannot be deleted or overwritten. The value of a store can, however, be modified; e.g. by appending a value to a list. Store values generally do not change once the application has been initialized.
The registry can be inspected by importing `registry` from `extras.registry`.
## Stores
### `counter_fields`
A dictionary mapping of models to foreign keys with which cached counter fields are associated.
### `data_backends`
A dictionary mapping data backend types to their respective classes. These are used to interact with [remote data sources](../models/core/datasource.md).
### `denormalized_fields`
Stores registration made using `netbox.denormalized.register()`. For each model, a list of related models and their field mappings is maintained to facilitate automatic updates.
### `model_features`
A dictionary of particular features (e.g. custom fields) mapped to the NetBox models which support them, arranged by app. For example:
@@ -18,38 +32,23 @@ A dictionary of particular features (e.g. custom fields) mapped to the NetBox mo
...
},
'webhooks':{
...
'extras':['configcontext','tag',...],
'dcim':['site','rack','devicetype',...],
},
...
}
```
### `plugin_menu_items`
Supported model features are listed in the [features matrix](./models.md#features-matrix).
Navigation menu items provided by NetBox plugins. Each plugin is registered as a key with the list of menu items it provides. An example:
### `plugins`
```python
{
'Plugin A':(
<MenuItem>,<MenuItem>,<MenuItem>,
),
'Plugin B':(
<MenuItem>,<MenuItem>,<MenuItem>,
),
}
```
This store maintains all registered items for plugins, such as navigation menus, template extensions, etc.
### `plugin_template_extensions`
### `search`
Plugin content that gets embedded into core NetBox templates. The store comprises NetBox models registered as dictionary keys, each pointing to a list of applicable template extension classes that exist. An example:
A dictionary mapping each model (identified by its app and label) to its search index class, if one has been registered for it.
A hierarchical mapping of registered views for each model. Mappings are added using the `register_model_view()` decorator, and URLs paths can be generated from these using `get_model_urls()`.
Below is a list of items to consider when adding a new field to a model:
Below is a list of tasks to consider when adding a new field to a core model.
## 1. Generate and run database migration
## 1. Generate and run database migrations
Django migrations are used to express changes to the database schema. In most cases, Django can generate these automatically, however very complex changes may require manual intervention. Always remember to specify a short but descriptive name when generating a new migration.
[Django migrations](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/migrations/) are used to express changes to the database schema. In most cases, Django can generate these automatically, however very complex changes may require manual intervention. Always remember to specify a short but descriptive name when generating a new migration.
```
./manage.py makemigrations <app> -n <name>
./manage.py migrate
```
Where possible, try to merge related changes into a single migration. For example, if three new fields are being added to different models within an app, these can be expressed in the same migration. You can merge a new migration with an existing one by combining their `operations` lists.
Where possible, try to merge related changes into a single migration. For example, if three new fields are being added to different models within an app, these can be expressed in a single migration. You can merge a newly generated migration with an existing one by combining their `operations` lists.
!!! note
Migrations can only be merged within a release. Once a new release has been published, its migrations cannot be altered.
!!! warning "Do not alter existing migrations"
Migrations can only be merged within a release. Once a new release has been published, its migrations cannot be altered (other than for the purpose of correcting a bug).
## 2. Add validation logic to `clean()`
If the new field introduces additional validation requirements (beyond what's included with the field itself), implement them in the model's `clean()` method. Remember to call the model's original method using `super()` before or agter your custom validation as appropriate:
If the new field introduces additional validation requirements (beyond what's included with the field itself), implement them in the model's `clean()` method. Remember to call the model's original method using `super()` before or after your custom validation as appropriate:
```
class Foo(models.Model):
def clean(self):
super(DeviceCSVForm, self).clean()
super().clean()
# Custom validation goes here
if self.bar is None:
raise ValidationError()
```
## 3. Add CSV helpers
## 3. Update relevant querysets
Add the name of the new field to `csv_headers` and included a CSV-friendly representation of its data in the model's `to_csv()` method. These will be used when exporting objects in CSV format.
If you're adding a relational field (e.g. `ForeignKey`) and intend to include the data when retrieving a list of objects, be sure to include the field using `prefetch_related()` as appropriate. This will optimize the view and avoid extraneous database queries.
## 4. Update relevant querysets
## 4. Update API serializer
If you're adding a relational field (e.g. `ForeignKey`) and intend to include the data when retreiving a list of objects, be sure to include the field using `prefetch_related()` as appropriate. This will optimize the view and avoid excessive database lookups.
Extend the model's API serializer in `<app>.api.serializers` to include the new field. In most cases, it will not be necessary to also extend the nested serializer, which produces a minimal representation of the model.
## 5. Update API serializer
## 5. Add fields to forms
Extend the model's API serializer in `<app>.api.serializers` to include the new field. In most cases, it will not be necessary to also extend the nested serializer, which produces a minimal represenation of the model.
## 6. Add field to forms
Extend any forms to include the new field as appropriate. Common forms include:
Extend any forms to include the new field(s) as appropriate. These are found under the `forms/` directory within each app. Common forms include:
* **Credit/edit** - Manipulating a single object
* **Bulk edit** - Performing a change on mnay objects at once
* **Bulk edit** - Performing a change on many objects at once
* **CSV import** - The form used when bulk importing objects in CSV format
* **Filter** - Displays the options available for filtering a list of objects (both UI and API)
## 7. Extend object filter set
## 6. Extend object filter set
If the new field should be filterable, add it to the `FilterSet` for the model. If the field should be searchable, remember to reference it in the FilterSet's `search()` method.
If the new field should be filterable, add it to the `FilterSet` for the model. If the field should be searchable, remember to query it in the FilterSet's `search()` method.
## 8. Add column to object table
## 7. Add column to object table
If the new field will be included in the object list view, add a column to the model's table. For simple fields, adding the field name to `Meta.fields` will be sufficient. More complex fields may require explicitly declaring a new column.
If the new field will be included in the object list view, add a column to the model's table. For simple fields, adding the field name to `Meta.fields` will be sufficient. More complex fields may require declaring a custom column. Also add the field name to `default_columns` if the column should be present in the table by default.
## 8. Update the SearchIndex
Where applicable, add the new field to the model's SearchIndex for inclusion in global search.
## 9. Update the UI templates
@@ -76,3 +75,7 @@ Create or extend the relevant test cases to verify that the new field and any ac
* View tests
Be diligent to ensure all of the relevant test suites are adapted or extended as necessary to test any new functionality.
## 11. Update the model's documentation
Each model has a dedicated page in the documentation, at `models/<app>/<model>.md`. Update this file to include any relevant information about the new field.
Getting started with NetBox development is pretty straightforward, and should feel very familiar to anyone with Django development experience. There are a few things you'll need:
* A Linux system or compatible environment
* A PostgreSQL server, which can be installed locally [per the documentation](../installation/1-postgresql.md)
* A Redis server, which can also be [installed locally](../installation/2-redis.md)
* Python 3.8 or later
### 1. Fork the Repo
Assuming you'll be working on your own fork, your first step will be to fork the [official git repository](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox). (If you're a maintainer who's going to be working directly with the official repo, skip this step.) Click the "fork" button at top right (be sure that you've logged into GitHub first).
The NetBox project utilizes three persistent git branches to track work:
* `master` - Serves as a snapshot of the current stable release
* `develop` - All development on the upcoming stable (patch) release occurs here
* `feature` - Tracks work on an upcoming minor release
Typically, you'll base pull requests off of the `develop` branch, or off of `feature` if you're working on a new major release. For example, assume that the current NetBox release is v3.3.5. Work applied to the `develop` branch will appear in v3.3.6, and work done under the `feature` branch will be included in the next minor release (v3.4.0).
!!! warning
**Never** merge pull requests into the `master` branch: This branch only ever merges pull requests from the `develop` branch, to effect a new release.
To create a new branch, first ensure that you've checked out the desired base branch, then run:
```no-highlight
git checkout -B $branchname
```
When naming a new git branch, contributors are strongly encouraged to use the relevant issue number followed by a very brief description of the work:
```no-highlight
$issue-$description
```
The description should be just two or three words to imply the focus of the work being performed. For example, bug #1234 to fix a TypeError exception when creating a device might be named `1234-device-typerror`. This ensures that branches are always follow some logical ordering (e.g. when running `git branch -a`) and helps other developers quickly identify the purpose of each.
### 3. Enable Pre-Commit Hooks
NetBox ships with a [git pre-commit hook](https://githooks.com/) script that automatically checks for style compliance and missing database migrations prior to committing changes. This helps avoid erroneous commits that result in CI test failures. You are encouraged to enable it by creating a link to `scripts/git-hooks/pre-commit`:
```no-highlight
cd .git/hooks/
ln -s ../../scripts/git-hooks/pre-commit
```
For the pre-commit hooks to work, you will also need to install the pycodestyle package:
```no-highlight
python -m pip install pycodestyle
```
...and set up the yarn packages as shown in the [Web UI Development Guide](web-ui.md)
### 4. Create a Python Virtual Environment
A [virtual environment](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html) (or "venv" for short) is like a container for a set of Python packages. These allow you to build environments suited to specific projects without interfering with system packages or other projects. When installed per the documentation, NetBox uses a virtual environment in production.
Create a virtual environment using the `venv` Python module:
```no-highlight
mkdir ~/.venv
python3 -m venv ~/.venv/netbox
```
This will create a directory named `.venv/netbox/` in your home directory, which houses a virtual copy of the Python executable and its related libraries and tooling. When running NetBox for development, it will be run using the Python binary at `~/.venv/netbox/bin/python`.
!!! tip "Virtual Environments"
Keeping virtual environments in `~/.venv/` is a common convention but entirely optional: Virtual environments can be created almost wherever you please. Also consider using [`virtualenvwrapper`](https://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) to simplify the management of multiple environments.
Once created, activate the virtual environment:
```no-highlight
source ~/.venv/netbox/bin/activate
```
Notice that the console prompt changes to indicate the active environment. This updates the necessary system environment variables to ensure that any Python scripts are run within the virtual environment.
### 5. Install Required Packages
With the virtual environment activated, install the project's required Python packages using the `pip` module. Required packages are defined in `requirements.txt`. Each line in this file specifies the name and specific version of a required package.
```no-highlight
python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
```
### 6. Configure NetBox
Within the `netbox/netbox/` directory, copy `configuration_example.py` to `configuration.py` and update the following parameters:
* `ALLOWED_HOSTS`: This can be set to `['*']` for development purposes
* `REDIS`: Redis configuration (if different from the defaults)
* `SECRET_KEY`: Set to a random string (use `generate_secret_key.py` in the parent directory to generate a suitable key)
* `DEBUG`: Set to `True`
* `DEVELOPER`: Set to `True` (this enables the creation of new database migrations)
### 7. Start the Development Server
Django provides a lightweight, auto-updating [HTTP/WSGI server](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/django-admin/#runserver) for development use. It is started with the `runserver` management command:
```no-highlight hl_lines="1"
$ ./manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
August 18, 2022 - 15:17:52
Django version 4.0.7, using settings 'netbox.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
```
This ensures that your development environment is now complete and operational. The development server will monitor the development environment and automatically reload in response to any changes made.
!!! tip "IDE Integration"
Some IDEs, such as the highly-recommended [PyCharm](https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/), will integrate with Django's development server and allow you to run it directly within the IDE. This is strongly encouraged as it makes for a much more convenient development environment.
## UI Development
For UI development you will need to review the [Web UI Development Guide](web-ui.md)
## Populating Demo Data
Once you have your development environment up and running, it might be helpful to populate some "dummy" data to make interacting with the UI and APIs more convenient. Check out the [netbox-demo-data](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox-demo-data) repo on GitHub, which houses a collection of sample data that can be easily imported to any new NetBox deployment. (This sample data is used to populate the public demo instance at <https://demo.netbox.dev>.)
The demo data is provided in JSON format and loaded into an empty database using Django's `loaddata` management command. Consult the demo data repo's `README` file for complete instructions on populating the data.
## Running Tests
Prior to committing any substantial changes to the code base, be sure to run NetBox's test suite to catch potential errors. Tests are run using the `test` management command, which employs Python's [`unittest`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#module-unittest) library. Remember to ensure that the Python virtual environment is active before running this command. Also keep in mind that these commands are executed in the `netbox/` directory, not the root directory of the repository.
To avoid potential issues with your local configuration file, set the `NETBOX_CONFIGURATION` to point to the packaged test configuration at `netbox/configuration_testing.py`. This will handle things like ensuring that the dummy plugin is enabled for comprehensive testing.
In cases where you haven't made any changes to the database schema (which is typical), you can append the `--keepdb` argument to this command to reuse the test database between runs. This cuts down on the time it takes to run the test suite since the database doesn't have to be rebuilt each time. (Note that this argument will cause errors if you've modified any model fields since the previous test run.)
```no-highlight
python manage.py test --keepdb
```
You can also reduce testing time by enabling parallel test execution with the `--parallel` flag. (By default, this will run as many parallel tests as you have processors. To avoid sluggishness, it's a good idea to specify a lower number of parallel tests.) This flag can be combined with `--keepdb`, although if you encounter any strange errors, try running the test suite again with parallelization disabled.
```no-highlight
python manage.py test --parallel <n>
```
Finally, it's possible to limit the run to a specific set of tests, specified by their Python path. For example, to run only IPAM and DCIM view tests:
```no-highlight
python manage.py test dcim.tests.test_views ipam.tests.test_views
```
This is handy for instances where just a few tests are failing and you want to re-run them individually.
!!! info
NetBox uses [django-rich](https://github.com/adamchainz/django-rich) to enhance Django's default `test` management command.
## Submitting Pull Requests
Once you're happy with your work and have verified that all tests pass, commit your changes and push it upstream to your fork. Always provide descriptive (but not excessively verbose) commit messages. Be sure to prefix your commit message with the word "Fixes" or "Closes" and the relevant issue number (with a hash mark). This tells GitHub to automatically close the referenced issue once the commit has been merged.
```no-highlight
git commit -m "Closes #1234: Add IPv5 support"
git push origin
```
Once your fork has the new commit, submit a [pull request](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/compare) to the NetBox repo to propose the changes. Be sure to provide a detailed accounting of the changes being made and the reasons for doing so.
Once submitted, a maintainer will review your pull request and either merge it or request changes. If changes are needed, you can make them via new commits to your fork: The pull request will update automatically.
!!! warning
Remember, pull requests are permitted only for **accepted** issues. If an issue you want to work on hasn't been approved by a maintainer yet, it's best to avoid risking your time and effort on a change that might not be accepted. (The one exception to this is trivial changes to the documentation or other non-critical resources.)
This cheat sheet serves as a convenient reference for NetBox contributors who already somewhat familiar with using git. For a general introduction to the tooling and workflows involved, please see GitHub's guide [Getting started with git](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/setting-your-username-in-git).
## Common Operations
### Clone a Repo
This copies a remote git repository (e.g. from GitHub) to your local workstation. It will create a new directory bearing the repo's name in the current path.
`git branch` lists all local branches. Appending `-a` to this command will list both local (green) and remote (red) branches.
``` title="Command"
git branch -a
```
``` title="Example"
$ git branch -a
* develop
remotes/origin/10170-changelog
remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/develop
remotes/origin/develop
remotes/origin/feature
remotes/origin/master
```
### Switch Branches
To switch to a different branch, use the `checkout` command.
``` title="Command"
git checkout $branchname
```
``` title="Example"
$ git checkout feature
Branch 'feature' set up to track remote branch 'feature' from 'origin'.
Switched to a new branch 'feature'
```
### Create a New Branch
Use the `-b` argument with `checkout` to create a new _local_ branch from the current branch.
``` title="Command"
git checkout -b $newbranch
```
``` title="Example"
$ git checkout -b 123-fix-foo
Switched to a new branch '123-fix-foo'
```
### Rename a Branch
To rename the current branch, use the `git branch` command with the `-m` argument (for "modify").
``` title="Command"
git branch -m $newname
```
``` title="Example"
$ git branch -m jstretch-testing
$ git branch
develop
feature
* jstretch-testing
```
### Merge a Branch
To merge one branch into another, use the `git merge` command. Start by checking out the _destination_ branch, and merge the _source_ branch into it.
``` title="Command"
git merge $sourcebranch
```
``` title="Example"
$ git checkout testing
Switched to branch 'testing'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/testing'.
$ git merge branch2
Updating 9a12b5b5f..8ee42390b
Fast-forward
newfile.py | 0
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 newfile.py
```
!!! warning "Avoid Merging Remote Branches"
You generally want to avoid merging branches that exist on the remote (upstream) repository, such as `develop` and `feature`: Merges into these branches should be done via a pull request on GitHub. Only merge branches when it is necessary to consolidate work you've done locally.
### Show Pending Changes
After making changes to files in the repo, `git status` will display a summary of created, modified, and deleted files.
``` title="Command"
git status
```
``` title="Example"
$ git status
On branch 123-fix-foo
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: README.md
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
foo.py
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
```
### Stage Changed Files
Before creating a new commit, modified files must be staged. This is typically done with the `git add` command. You can specify a particular path, or just append `-A` to automatically staged _all_ changed files within the current directory. Run `git status` again to verify what files have been staged.
``` title="Command"
git add -A
```
``` title="Example"
$ git add -A
$ git status
On branch 123-fix-foo
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: README.md
new file: foo.py
```
### Review Staged Files
It's a good idea to thoroughly review all staged changes immediately prior to creating a new commit. This can be done using the `git diff` command. Appending the `--staged` argument will show staged changes; omitting it will show changes that have not yet been staged.
The `git commit` command records your changes to the current branch. Specify a commit message with the `-m` argument. (If omitted, a file editor will be opened to provide a message.
``` title="Command"
git commit -m "Fixes #123: Fixed the thing that was broken"
```
``` title="Example"
$ git commit -m "Fixes #123: Fixed the thing that was broken"
[123-fix-foo 9a12b5b5f] Fixes #123: Fixed the thing that was broken
2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 foo.py
```
!!! tip "Automatically Closing Issues"
GitHub will [automatically close](https://github.blog/2013-01-22-closing-issues-via-commit-messages/) any issues referenced in a commit message by `Fixes:` or `Closes:` when the commit is merged into the repository's default branch. Contributors are strongly encouraged to follow this convention when forming commit messages. (Use "Closes" for feature requests and "Fixes" for bugs.)
### Push a Commit Upstream
Once you've made a commit locally, it needs to be pushed upstream to the _remote_ repository (typically called "origin"). This is done with the `git push` command. If this is a new branch that doesn't yet exist on the remote repository, you'll need to set the upstream for it when pushing.
Branch 'testing' set up to track remote branch 'testing' from 'origin'.
```
!!! tip
You can apply the following git configuration to automatically set the upstream for all new branches. This obviates the need to specify `-u origin`.
```
git config --global push.default current
```
## The GitHub CLI Client
GitHub provides a [free CLI client](https://cli.github.com/) to simplify many aspects of interacting with GitHub repositories. Note that this utility is separate from `git`, and must be [installed separately](https://github.com/cli/cli#installation).
This guide provides some examples of common operations, but be sure to check out the [GitHub CLI manual](https://cli.github.com/manual/) for a complete accounting of available commands.
### List Open Pull Requests
``` title="Command"
gh pr list
```
``` title="Example"
$ gh pr list
Showing 3 of 3 open pull requests in netbox-community/netbox
#10223 #7503 API Bulk-Create of Devices does not check Rack-Space 7503-bulkdevice about 17 hours ago
#9716 Closes #9599: Add cursor pagination mode lyuyangh:cursor-pagination about 1 month ago
#9498 Adds replication and adoption for module import sleepinggenius2:issue_9361 about 2 months ago
```
### Check Out a PR
This command will automatically check out the remote branch associated with an open pull request.
``` title="Command"
gh pr checkout $number
```
``` title="Example"
$ gh pr checkout 10223
Branch '7503-bulkdevice' set up to track remote branch '7503-bulkdevice' from 'origin'.
Switched to a new branch '7503-bulkdevice'
```
## Fixing Mistakes
### Modify the Previous Commit
Sometimes you'll find that you've overlooked a necessary change and need to commit again. If you haven't pushed your most recent commit and just need to make a small tweak or two, you can _amend_ your most recent commit instead of creating a new one.
First, stage the desired files with `git add` and verify the changes, the issue the `git commit` command with the `--amend` argument. You can also append the `--no-edit` argument if you would like to keep the previous commit message.
``` title="Command"
git commit --amend --no-edit
```
``` title="Example"
$ git add -A
$ git diff --staged
$ git commit --amend --no-edit
[testing 239b16921] Added a new file
Date: Fri Aug 26 16:30:05 2022 -0400
2 files changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 newfile.py
```
!!! danger "Don't Amend After Pushing"
Never amend a commit you've already pushed upstream unless you're **certain** no one else is working on the same branch. Force-pushing will overwrite the change history, which will break any commits from other contributors. When in doubt, create a new commit instead.
### Undo the Last Commit
The `git reset` command can be used to undo the most recent commit. (`HEAD~` is equivalent to `HEAD~1` and references the commit prior to the current HEAD.) After making and staging your changes, commit using `-c ORIG_HEAD` to replace the erroneous commit.
``` title="Command"
git reset HEAD~
```
``` title="Example"
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "Erroneous commit"
[testing 09ce06736] Erroneous commit
Date: Mon Aug 29 15:20:04 2022 -0400
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 BADCHANGE
$ git reset HEAD~
$ rm BADFILE
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "Fixed commit"
[testing c585709f3] Fixed commit
Date: Mon Aug 29 15:22:38 2022 -0400
1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
```
!!! danger "Don't Reset After Pushing"
Resetting only works until you've pushed your local changes upstream. If you've already pushed upstream, use `git revert` instead. This will create a _new_ commit that reverts the erroneous one, but ensures that the git history remains intact.
### Rebase from Upstream
If a change has been pushed to the upstream branch since you most recently pulled it, attempting to push a new local commit will fail:
```
$ git push
To https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox.git
! [rejected] develop -> develop (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
```
To resolve this, first fetch the upstream branch to update your local copy, and then [rebase](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing) your local branch to include the new changes. Once the rebase has completed, you can push your local commits upstream.
NetBox is maintained as a [GitHub project](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox) under the Apache 2 license. Users are encouraged to submit GitHub issues for feature requests and bug reports, however we are very selective about pull requests. Please see the `CONTRIBUTING` guide for more direction on contributing to NetBox.
Thanks for your interest in contributing to NetBox! This introduction covers a few important things to know before you get started.
## Communication
## The Code
Communication among developers should always occur via public channels:
NetBox and many of its related projects are maintained on [GitHub](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox). GitHub also serves as one of our primary discussion forums. While all the code and discussion is publicly accessible, you'll need register for a [free GitHub account](https://github.com/signup) to engage in participation. Most people begin by [forking](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/fork-a-repo) the NetBox repository under their own GitHub account to begin working on the code.
*[GitHub issues](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues) - All feature requests, bug reports, and other substantial changes to the code base **must** be documented in an issue.
* [The mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/netbox-discuss) - The preferred forum for general discussion and support issues. Ideal for shaping a feature request prior to submitting an issue.
* [#netbox on NetworkToCode](http://slack.networktocode.com/) - Good for quick chats. Avoid any discussion that might need to be referenced later on, as the chat history is not retained long.

## Governance
There are three permanent branches in the repository:
NetBox follows the [benevolent dictator](http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/benevolentdictatorgovernancemodel) model of governance, with [Jeremy Stretch](https://github.com/jeremystretch) ultimately responsible for all changes to the code base. While community contributions are welcomed and encouraged, the lead maintainer's primary role is to ensure the project's long-term maintainability and continued focus on its primary functions (in other words, avoid scope creep).
*`master` - The current stable release. Individual changes should never be pushed directly to this branch, but rather merged from `develop`.
*`develop` - Active development for the upcoming patch release. Pull requests will typically be based on this branch unless they introduce breaking changes that must be deferred until the next minor release.
*`feature` - New feature work to be introduced in the next minor release (e.g. from v3.3 to v3.4).
## Project Structure
All development of the current NetBox release occurs in the `develop` branch; releases are packaged from the `master` branch. The `master` branch should _always_ represent the current stable release in its entirety, such that installing NetBox by either downloading a packaged release or cloning the `master` branch provides the same code base.
NetBox components are arranged into functional subsections called _apps_ (a carryover from Django verancular). Each app holds the models, views, and templates relevant to a particular function:
NetBox components are arranged into Django apps. Each app holds the models, views, and other resources relevant to a particular function:
*`circuits`: Communications circuits and providers (not to be confused with power circuits)
*`dcim`: Datacenter infrastructure management (sites, racks, and devices)
*`extras`: Additional features not considered part of the core data model
*`ipam`: IP address management (VRFs, prefixes, IP addresses, and VLANs)
*`secrets`: Encrypted storage of sensitive data (e.g. login credentials)
*`tenancy`: Tenants (such as customers) to which NetBox objects may be assigned
*`users`: Authentication and user preferences
*`utilities`: Resources which are not user-facing (extendable classes, etc.)
*`virtualization`: Virtual machines and clusters
*`wireless`: Wireless links and LANs
All core functionality is stored within the `netbox/` subdirectory. HTML templates are stored in a common `templates/` directory, with model- and view-specific templates arranged by app. Documentation is kept in the `docs/` root directory.
## Proposing Changes
All substantial changes made to the code base are tracked using [GitHub issues](https://docs.github.com/en/issues). Feature requests, bug reports, and similar proposals must all be filed as issues and approved by a maintainer before work begins. This ensures that all changes to the code base are properly documented for future reference.
To submit a new feature request or bug report for NetBox, select and complete the appropriate [issue template](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/new/choose). Once your issue has been approved, you're welcome to submit a [pull request](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests) containing your proposed changes.

Check out our [issue intake policy](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/wiki/Issue-Intake-Policy) for an overview of the issue triage and approval processes.
!!! tip
Avoid starting work on a proposal before it has been accepted. Not all proposed changes will be accepted, and we'd hate for you to waste time working on code that might not make it into the project.
## Getting Help
There are two primary forums for getting assistance with NetBox development:
* [GitHub discussions](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/discussions) - The preferred forum for general discussion and support issues. Ideal for shaping a feature requests prior to submitting an issue.
* [#netbox on NetDev Community Slack](https://netdev.chat/) - Good for quick chats. Avoid any discussion that might need to be referenced later on, as the chat history is not retained indefinitely.
!!! note
Don't use GitHub issues to ask for help: These are reserved for proposed code changes only.
## Governance
NetBox follows the [benevolent dictator](http://oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/benevolentdictatorgovernancemodel) model of governance, with [Jeremy Stretch](https://github.com/jeremystretch) ultimately responsible for all changes to the code base. While community contributions are welcomed and encouraged, the lead maintainer's primary role is to ensure the project's long-term maintainability and continued focus on its primary functions.
## Licensing
The entire NetBox project is licensed as open source under the [Apache 2.0 license](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/master/LICENSE.txt). This is a very permissive license which allows unlimited redistribution of all code within the project. Note that all submissions to the project are subject to the same license.
Beginning with NetBox v4.0, NetBox will leverage [Django's automatic translation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/translation/) to support languages other than English. This page details the areas of the project which require special attention to ensure functioning translation support. Briefly, these include:
* The `verbose_name` and `verbose_name_plural` Meta attributes for each model
* The `verbose_name` and (if defined) `help_text` for each model field
* The `label` for each form field
* Headers for `fieldsets` on each form class
* The `verbose_name` for each table column
* All human-readable strings within templates must be wrapped with `{% trans %}` or `{% blocktrans %}`
The rest of this document elaborates on each of the items above.
## General Guidance
* Wrap human-readable strings with Django's `gettext()` or `gettext_lazy()` utility functions to enable automatic translation. Generally, `gettext_lazy()` is preferred (and sometimes required) to defer translation until the string is displayed.
* By convention, the preferred translation function is typically imported as an underscore (`_`) to minimize boilerplate code. Thus, you will often see translation as e.g. `_("Some text")`. It is still an option to import and use alternative translation functions (e.g. `pgettext()` and `ngettext()`) normally as needed.
* Avoid passing markup and other non-natural language where possible. Everything wrapped by a translation function gets exported to a messages file for translation by a human.
* Where the intended meaning of the translated string may not be obvious, use `pgettext()` or `pgettext_lazy()` to include assisting context for the translator. For example:
```python
# Context, string
pgettext("month name", "May")
```
* **Format strings do not support translation.** Avoid "f" strings for messages that must support translation. Instead, use `format()` to accomplish variable replacement:
```python
# Translation will not work
f"There are {count} objects"
# Do this instead
"There are {count} objects".format(count=count)
```
## Models
1. Import `gettext_lazy` as `_`.
2. Ensure both `verbose_name` and `verbose_name_plural` are defined under the model's `Meta` class and wrapped with the `gettext_lazy()` shortcut.
3. Ensure each model field specifies a `verbose_name` wrapped with `gettext_lazy()`.
4. Ensure any `help_text` attributes on model fields are also wrapped with `gettext_lazy()`.
```python
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
class Circuit(PrimaryModel):
commit_rate = models.PositiveIntegerField(
...
verbose_name=_('commit rate (Kbps)'),
help_text=_("Committed rate")
)
class Meta:
verbose_name = _('circuit')
verbose_name_plural = _('circuits')
```
## Forms
1. Import `gettext_lazy` as `_`.
2. All form fields must specify a `label` wrapped with `gettext_lazy()`.
3. All headers under a form's `fieldsets` property must be wrapped with `gettext_lazy()`.
```python
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
class CircuitBulkEditForm(NetBoxModelBulkEditForm):
2. All table columns must specify a `verbose_name` wrapped with `gettext_lazy()`.
```python
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
class CircuitTable(TenancyColumnsMixin, ContactsColumnMixin, NetBoxTable):
provider = tables.Column(
verbose_name=_('Provider'),
...
)
```
## Templates
1. Ensure translation support is enabled by including `{% load i18n %}` at the top of the template.
2. Use the [`{% trans %}`](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/translation/#translate-template-tag) tag (short for "translate") to wrap short strings.
3. Longer strings may be enclosed between [`{% blocktrans %}`](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/i18n/translation/#blocktranslate-template-tag) and `{% endblocktrans %}` tags to improve readability and to enable variable replacement. (Remember to include the `trimmed` argument to trim whitespace between the tags.)
4. Avoid passing HTML within translated strings where possible, as this can complicate the work needed of human translators to develop message maps.
```
{% load i18n %}
{# A short string #}
<h5 class="card-header">{% trans "Circuit List" %}</h5>
{# A longer string with a context variable #}
{% blocktrans trimmed with count=object.circuits.count %}
There are {count} circuits. Would you like to continue?
{% endblocktrans %}
```
!!! warning
The `{% blocktrans %}` tag supports only **limited variable replacement**, comparable to the `format()` method on Python strings. It does not permit access to object attributes or the use of other template tags or filters inside it. Ensure that any necessary context is passed as simple variables.
!!! info
The `{% trans %}` and `{% blocktrans %}` support the inclusion of contextual hints for translators using the `context` argument:
A NetBox model represents a discrete object type such as a device or IP address. Per [Django convention](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/db/models/), each model is defined as a Python class and has its own table in the PostgreSQL database. All NetBox data models can be categorized by type.
The Django [content types](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/contrib/contenttypes/) framework is used to map Django models to database tables. A ContentType instance references a model by its `app_label` and `name`: For example, the Site model within the DCIM app is referred to as `dcim.site`. The content type combined with an object's primary key form a globally unique identifier for the object (e.g. `dcim.site:123`).
### Features Matrix
Depending on its classification, each NetBox model may support various features which enhance its operation. Each feature is enabled by inheriting from its designated mixin class, and some features also make use of the [application registry](./application-registry.md#model_features).
| [Change logging](../features/change-logging.md) | `ChangeLoggingMixin` | - | Changes to these objects are automatically recorded in the change log |
| Cloning | `CloningMixin` | - | Provides the `clone()` method to prepare a copy |
| [Custom fields](../customization/custom-fields.md) | `CustomFieldsMixin` | `custom_fields` | These models support the addition of user-defined fields |
| [Custom links](../customization/custom-links.md) | `CustomLinksMixin` | `custom_links` | These models support the assignment of custom links |
| [Custom validation](../customization/custom-validation.md) | `CustomValidationMixin` | - | Supports the enforcement of custom validation rules |
| [Export templates](../customization/export-templates.md) | `ExportTemplatesMixin` | `export_templates` | Users can create custom export templates for these models |
| [Job results](../features/background-jobs.md) | `JobsMixin` | `jobs` | Users can create custom export templates for these models |
| [Journaling](../features/journaling.md) | `JournalingMixin` | `journaling` | These models support persistent historical commentary |
| [Synchronized data](../integrations/synchronized-data.md) | `SyncedDataMixin` | `synced_data` | Certain model data can be automatically synchronized from a remote data source |
| [Tagging](../models/extras/tag.md) | `TagsMixin` | `tags` | The models can be tagged with user-defined tags |
| [Webhooks](../integrations/webhooks.md) | `WebhooksMixin` | `webhooks` | NetBox is capable of generating outgoing webhooks for these objects |
## Models Index
### Primary Models
These are considered the "core" application models which are used to model network infrastructure.
Nested group models behave like organizational model, but self-nest within a recursive hierarchy. For example, the Region model can be used to represent a hierarchy of countries, states, and cities.
These function as templates to effect the replication of device and virtual machine components. Component template models support a limited feature set, including change logging, custom validation, and webhooks.
This documentation describes the process of packaging and publishing a new NetBox release. There are three types of release:
### Update Requirements
* Major release (e.g. v2.11 to v3.0)
* Minor release (e.g. v3.2 to v3.3)
* Patch release (e.g. v3.3.0 to v3.3.1)
Required Python packages are maintained in two files. `base_requirements.txt` contains a list of all the packages required by NetBox. Some of them may be pinned to a specific version of the package due to a known issue. For example:
While major releases generally introduce some very substantial change to the application, they are typically treated the same as minor version increments for the purpose of release packaging.
## Minor Version Releases
### Address Constrained Dependencies
Sometimes it becomes necessary to constrain dependencies to a particular version, e.g. to work around a bug in a newer release or to avoid a breaking change that we have yet to accommodate. (Another common example is to limit the upstream Django release.) For example:
The other file is `requirements.txt`, which lists each of the required packages pinned to its current stable version. When NetBox is installed, the Python environment is configured to match this file. This helps ensure that a new release of a dependency doesn't break NetBox.
Every minor version release should refresh `requirements.txt` so that it lists the most recent stable release of each package. To do this:
1. Create a new virtual environment.
2. Install the latest version of all required packages via pip:
```
pip install -U -r base_requirements.txt
```
3. Run all tests and check that the UI and API function as expected.
4. Update the package versions in `requirements.txt` as appropriate.
### Update Static Libraries
Update the following static libraries to their most recent stable release:
* Bootstrap 3
* Font Awesome 4
* Select2
* jQuery
* jQuery UI
### Create a new Release Notes Page
Create a file at `/docs/release-notes/X.Y.md` to establish the release notes for the new release. Add the file to the table of contents within `mkdocs.yml`, and point `index.md` to the new file.
### Manually Perform a New Install
Install `mkdocs` in your local environment, then start the documentation server:
```no-highlight
$ pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
$ mkdocs serve
```
Follow these instructions to perform a new installation of NetBox. This process must _not_ be automated: The goal of this step is to catch any errors or omissions in the documentation, and ensure that it is kept up-to-date for each release. Make any necessary changes to the documentation before proceeding with the release.
These version constraints are added to `base_requirements.txt` to ensure that newer packages are not installed when updating the pinned dependencies in`requirements.txt` (see the [Update Requirements](#update-requirements) section below). Before each new minor version of NetBox is released, all such constraints on dependent packages should be addressed if feasible. This guards against the collection of stale constraints over time.
### Close the Release Milestone
Close the release milestone on GitHub. Ensure that there are no remaining open issues associated with it.
Close the [release milestone](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/milestones) on GitHub after ensuring there are no remaining open issues associated with it.
### Update the Release Notes
Check that a link to the release notes for the new version is present in the navigation menu (defined in `mkdocs.yml`), and that a summary of all major new features has been added to `docs/index.md`.
### Manually Perform a New Install
Start the documentation server and navigate to the current version of the installation docs:
```no-highlight
mkdocs serve
```
Follow these instructions to perform a new installation of NetBox in a temporary environment. This process must not be automated: The goal of this step is to catch any errors or omissions in the documentation, and ensure that it is kept up-to-date for each release. Make any necessary changes to the documentation before proceeding with the release.
### Merge the Release Branch
Submit a pull request to merge the `feature` branch into the `develop` branch in preparation for its release. Once it has been merged, continue with the section for patch releases below.
### Rebuild Demo Data (After Release)
After the release of a new minor version, generate a new demo data snapshot compatible with the new release. See the [`netbox-demo-data`](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox-demo-data) repository for instructions.
---
## All Releases
## Patch Releases
### Verify CI Build Status
### Notify netbox-docker Project of Any Relevant Changes
Ensure that continuous integration testing on the `develop` branch is completing successfully.
Notify the [`netbox-docker`](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox-docker) maintainers (in **#netbox-docker**) of any changes that may be relevant to their build process, including:
* Significant changes to `upgrade.sh`
* Increases in minimum versions for service dependencies (PostgreSQL, Redis, etc.)
* Any changes to the reference installation
### Update Requirements
Before each release, update each of NetBox's Python dependencies to its most recent stable version. These are defined in `requirements.txt`, which is updated from `base_requirements.txt` using `pip`. To do this:
1. Upgrade the installed version of all required packages in your environment (`pip install -U -r base_requirements.txt`).
2. Run all tests and check that the UI and API function as expected.
3. Review each requirement's release notes for any breaking or otherwise noteworthy changes.
4. Update the package versions in `requirements.txt` as appropriate.
In cases where upgrading a dependency to its most recent release is breaking, it should be constrained to its current minor version in `base_requirements.txt` with an explanatory comment and revisited for the next major NetBox release (see the [Address Constrained Dependencies](#address-constrained-dependencies) section above).
### Rebuild the Device Type Definition Schema
Run the following command to update the device type definition validation schema:
```nohighlight
./manage.py buildschema --write
```
This will automatically update the schema file at `contrib/generated_schema.json`.
### Update Version and Changelog
Update the `VERSION` constant in `settings.py` to the new release version and annotate the current data in the release notes for the new version.
* Update the `VERSION` constant in `settings.py` to the new release version.
* Update the example version numbers in the feature request and bug report templates under `.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATES/`.
* Replace the "FUTURE" placeholder in the release notes with the current date.
Commit these changes to the `develop` branch and push upstream.
### Verify CI Build Status
Ensure that continuous integration testing on the `develop` branch is completing successfully. If it fails, take action to correct the failure before proceding with the release.
### Submit a Pull Request
Submit a pull request title **"Release vX.Y.Z"** to merge the `develop` branch into `master`. Include a brief change log listing the features, improvements, and/or bugs addressed in the release.
Submit a pull request titled **"Release vX.Y.Z"** to merge the `develop` branch into `master`. Copy the documented release notes into the pull request's body.
Once CI has completed on the PR, merge it.
Once CI has completed on the PR, merge it. This effects a new release in the `master` branch.
### Create a New Release
Draft a [new release](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/releases/new) with the following parameters.
Create a [new release](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/releases/new) on GitHub with the following parameters.
* **Tag:** Current version (e.g. `v2.3.4`)
* **Tag:** Current version (e.g. `v3.3.1`)
* **Target:** `master`
* **Title:** Version and date (e.g. `v2.3.4 - 2018-08-02`)
* **Title:** Version and date (e.g. `v3.3.1 - 2022-08-25`)
* **Description:** Copy from the pull request body
Copy the description from the pull request into the release notes.
Once created, the release will become available for users to install.
### Update the Development Version
On the `develop` branch, update `VERSION` in `settings.py` to point to the next release. For example, if you just released v2.3.4, set:
On the `develop` branch, update `VERSION` in `settings.py` to point to the next release. For example, if you just released v3.3.1, set:
```
VERSION = 'v2.3.5-dev'
VERSION = 'v3.3.2-dev'
```
### Announce the Release
Announce the release on the [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/netbox-discuss). Include a link to the release and the (HTML-formatted) release notes.
Commit this change with the comment "PRVB" (for _post-release version bump_) and push the commit upstream.
NetBox v3.4 introduced a new global search mechanism, which employs the `extras.CachedValue` model to store discrete field values from many models in a single table.
## SearchIndex
To enable search support for a model, declare and register a subclass of `netbox.search.SearchIndex` for it. Typically, this will be done within an app's `search.py` module.
A SearchIndex subclass defines both its model and a list of two-tuples specifying which model fields to be indexed and the weight (precedence) associated with each. Guidance on weight assignment for fields is provided below.
NetBox generally follows the [Django style guide](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/internals/contributing/writing-code/coding-style/), which is itself based on [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/). [Pycodestyle](https://github.com/pycqa/pycodestyle) is used to validate code formatting, ignoring certain violations. See `scripts/cibuild.sh`.
NetBox generally follows the [Django style guide](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/internals/contributing/writing-code/coding-style/), which is itself based on [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/). [Pycodestyle](https://github.com/pycqa/pycodestyle) is used to validate code formatting, ignoring certain violations.
## PEP 8 Exceptions
## Code
* Wildcard imports (for example, `from .constants import *`) are acceptable under any of the following conditions:
* The library being import contains only constant declarations (`constants.py`)
* The library being imported explicitly defines `__all__` (e.g. `<app>.api.nested_serializers`)
### General Guidance
*Maximum line length is 120 characters (E501)
* This does not apply to HTML templates or to automatically generated code (e.g. database migrations).
*When in doubt, remain consistent: It is better to be consistently incorrect than inconsistently correct. If you notice in the course of unrelated work a pattern that should be corrected, continue to follow the pattern for now and submit a separate bug report so that the entire code base can be evaluated at a later point.
*Line breaks are permitted following binary operators (W504)
*Prioritize readability over concision. Python is a very flexible language that typically offers several multiple options for expressing a given piece of logic, but some may be more friendly to the reader than others. (List comprehensions are particularly vulnerable to over-optimization.) Always remain considerate of the future reader who may need to interpret your code without the benefit of the context within which you are writing it.
## Enforcing Code Style
* Include a newline at the end of every file.
The `pycodestyle` utility (previously `pep8`) is used by the CI process to enforce code style. It is strongly recommended to include as part of your commit process. A git commit hook is provided in the source at `scripts/git-hooks/pre-commit`. Linking to this script from `.git/hooks/` will invoke `pycodestyle` prior to every commit attempt and abort if the validation fails.
* No easter eggs. While they can be fun, NetBox must be considered as a business-critical tool. The potential, however minor, for introducing a bug caused by unnecessary code is best avoided entirely.
```
$ cd .git/hooks/
$ ln -s ../../scripts/git-hooks/pre-commit
```
* Constants (variables which do not change) should be declared in `constants.py` within each app. Wildcard imports from the file are acceptable.
To invoke `pycodestyle` manually, run:
* Every model must have a [docstring](https://peps.python.org/pep-0257/). Every custom method should include an explanation of its function.
* Nested API serializers generate minimal representations of an object. These are stored separately from the primary serializers to avoid circular dependencies. Always import nested serializers from other apps directly. For example, from within the DCIM app you would write `from ipam.api.nested_serializers import NestedIPAddressSerializer`.
### PEP 8 Exceptions
NetBox ignores certain PEP8 assertions. These are listed below.
#### Wildcard Imports
Wildcard imports (for example, `from .constants import *`) are acceptable under any of the following conditions:
* The library being import contains only constant declarations (e.g. `constants.py`)
* The library being imported explicitly defines `__all__`
#### Maximum Line Length (E501)
NetBox does not restrict lines to a maximum length of 79 characters. We use a maximum line length of 120 characters, however this is not enforced by CI. The maximum length does not apply to HTML templates or to automatically generated code (e.g. database migrations).
#### Line Breaks Following Binary Operators (W504)
Line breaks are permitted following binary operators.
### Enforcing Code Style
The [`pycodestyle`](https://pypi.org/project/pycodestyle/) utility (formerly `pep8`) is used by the CI process to enforce code style. A [pre-commit hook](./getting-started.md#2-enable-pre-commit-hooks) which runs this automatically is included with NetBox. To invoke `pycodestyle` manually, run:
```
pycodestyle --ignore=W504,E501 netbox/
```
## Introducing New Dependencies
### Introducing New Dependencies
The introduction of a new dependency is best avoided unless it is absolutely necessary. For small features, it's generally preferable to replicate functionality within the NetBox code base rather than to introduce reliance on an external project. This reduces both the burden of tracking new releases and our exposure to outside bugs and attacks.
The introduction of a new dependency is best avoided unless it is absolutely necessary. For small features, it's generally preferable to replicate functionality within the NetBox code base rather than to introduce reliance on an external project. This reduces both the burden of tracking new releases and our exposure to outside bugs and supply chain attacks.
If there's a strong case for introducing a new dependency, it must meet the following criteria:
@@ -39,24 +58,22 @@ If there's a strong case for introducing a new dependency, it must meet the foll
* It must be actively maintained, with no longer than one year between releases.
* It must be available via the [Python Package Index](https://pypi.org/) (PyPI).
When adding a new dependency, a short description of the package and the URL of its code repository must be added to `base_requirements.txt`. Additionally, a line specifying the package name pinned to the current stable release must be added to `requirements.txt`. This ensures that NetBox will install only the known-good release and simplify support efforts.
When adding a new dependency, a short description of the package and the URL of its code repository must be added to `base_requirements.txt`. Additionally, a line specifying the package name pinned to the current stable release must be added to `requirements.txt`. This ensures that NetBox will install only the known-good release.
## General Guidance
## Written Works
* When in doubt, remain consistent: It is better to be consistently incorrect than inconsistently correct. If you notice in the course of unrelated work a pattern that should be corrected, continue to follow the pattern for now and open a bug so that the entire code base can be evaluated at a later point.
### General Guidance
*Prioritize readability over concision. Python is a very flexible language that typically gives us several options for expressing a given piece of logic, but some may be more friendly to the reader than others. (List comprehensions are particularly vulnerable to over-optimization.) Always remain considerate of the future reader who may need to interpret your code without the benefit of the context within which you are writing it.
*Written material must always meet a reasonable professional standard, with proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
*No easter eggs. While they can be fun, NetBox must be considered as a business-critical tool. The potential, however minor, for introducing a bug caused by unnecessary logic is best avoided entirely.
*Use two line breaks between paragraphs.
*Constants (variables which generally do not change) should be declared in `constants.py` within each app. Wildcard imports from the file are acceptable.
*Use only a single space between sentences.
*Every model should have a docstring. Every custom method should include an explanation of its function.
*All documentation is to be written in [Markdown](../reference/markdown.md), with modest amounts of HTML permitted where needed to overcome technical limitations.
* Nested API serializers generate minimal representations of an object. These are stored separately from the primary serializers to avoid circular dependencies. Always import nested serializers from other apps directly. For example, from within the DCIM app you would write `from ipam.api.nested_serializers import NestedIPAddressSerializer`.
### Branding
## Branding
* When referring to NetBox in writing, use the proper form "NetBox," with the letters N and B capitalized. The lowercase form "netbox" should be used in code, filenames, etc. But never "Netbox" or any other deviation.
* When referring to NetBox in writing, use the proper form "NetBox," with the letters N and B capitalized. The lowercase form "netbox" should be used in code, filenames, etc. but never "Netbox" or any other deviation.
* There is an SVG form of the NetBox logo at [docs/netbox_logo.svg](../netbox_logo.svg). It is preferred to use this logo for all purposes as it scales to arbitrary sizes without loss of resolution. If a raster image is required, the SVG logo should be converted to a PNG image of the prescribed size.
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