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fix(html): Parse text in div elements as TextItem (#1041)

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feat(html): Parse text in div elements as TextItem

Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <75900930+ceberam@users.noreply.github.com>
This commit is contained in:
Cesar Berrospi Ramis 2025-02-24 12:38:29 +01:00 committed by GitHub
parent 1d17e7397a
commit 1b0ead6907
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8 changed files with 2291 additions and 1804 deletions
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45
docling/backend/html_backend.py
View File

@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
import logging
from io import BytesIO
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional, Union, cast
from typing import Final, Optional, Union, cast
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, NavigableString, PageElement, Tag
from bs4.element import PreformattedString
from docling_core.types.doc import (
DocItem,
DocItemLabel,
@ -22,12 +23,29 @@ from docling.datamodel.document import InputDocument
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# tags that generate NodeItem elements
TAGS_FOR_NODE_ITEMS: Final = [
"h1",
"h2",
"h3",
"h4",
"h5",
"h6",
"p",
"pre",
"ul",
"ol",
"li",
"table",
"figure",
"img",
]
class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
@override
def __init__(self, in_doc: "InputDocument", path_or_stream: Union[BytesIO, Path]):
super().__init__(in_doc, path_or_stream)
_log.debug("About to init HTML backend...")
self.soup: Optional[Tag] = None
# HTML file:
self.path_or_stream = path_or_stream
@ -88,6 +106,7 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
assert self.soup is not None
content = self.soup.body or self.soup
# Replace <br> tags with newline characters
# TODO: remove style to avoid losing text from tags like i, b, span, ...
for br in content("br"):
br.replace_with(NavigableString("\n"))
self.walk(content, doc)
@ -99,6 +118,7 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
def walk(self, tag: Tag, doc: DoclingDocument) -> None:
# Iterate over elements in the body of the document
text: str = ""
for element in tag.children:
if isinstance(element, Tag):
try:
@ -108,6 +128,25 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
f"Error processing child from tag{tag.name}: {exc_child}"
)
raise exc_child
elif isinstance(element, NavigableString) and not isinstance(
element, PreformattedString
):
# Floating text outside paragraphs or analyzed tags
text += element
siblings: list[Tag] = [
item for item in element.next_siblings if isinstance(item, Tag)
]
if element.next_sibling is None or any(
[item.name in TAGS_FOR_NODE_ITEMS for item in siblings]
):
text = text.strip()
if text and tag.name in ["div"]:
doc.add_text(
parent=self.parents[self.level],
label=DocItemLabel.PARAGRAPH,
text=text,
)
text = ""
return
@ -158,7 +197,7 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
text = element.text.strip()
if hlevel == 1:
for key, val in self.parents.items():
for key in self.parents.keys():
self.parents[key] = None
self.level = 1

7
tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.itxt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_
item-1 at level 1: paragraph: This is a div with text.
item-2 at level 1: paragraph: This is another div with text.
item-3 at level 1: paragraph: This is a regular paragraph.
item-4 at level 1: paragraph: This is a third div
with a new line.
item-5 at level 1: paragraph: This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph.

108
tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.json Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
{
"schema_name": "DoclingDocument",
"version": "1.1.0",
"name": "example_06",
"origin": {
"mimetype": "text/html",
"binary_hash": 14574683870626799530,
"filename": "example_06.html"
},
"furniture": {
"self_ref": "#/furniture",
"children": [],
"content_layer": "furniture",
"name": "_root_",
"label": "unspecified"
},
"body": {
"self_ref": "#/body",
"children": [
{
"$ref": "#/texts/0"
},
{
"$ref": "#/texts/1"
},
{
"$ref": "#/texts/2"
},
{
"$ref": "#/texts/3"
},
{
"$ref": "#/texts/4"
}
],
"content_layer": "body",
"name": "_root_",
"label": "unspecified"
},
"groups": [],
"texts": [
{
"self_ref": "#/texts/0",
"parent": {
"$ref": "#/body"
},
"children": [],
"content_layer": "body",
"label": "paragraph",
"prov": [],
"orig": "This is a div with text.",
"text": "This is a div with text."
},
{
"self_ref": "#/texts/1",
"parent": {
"$ref": "#/body"
},
"children": [],
"content_layer": "body",
"label": "paragraph",
"prov": [],
"orig": "This is another div with text.",
"text": "This is another div with text."
},
{
"self_ref": "#/texts/2",
"parent": {
"$ref": "#/body"
},
"children": [],
"content_layer": "body",
"label": "paragraph",
"prov": [],
"orig": "This is a regular paragraph.",
"text": "This is a regular paragraph."
},
{
"self_ref": "#/texts/3",
"parent": {
"$ref": "#/body"
},
"children": [],
"content_layer": "body",
"label": "paragraph",
"prov": [],
"orig": "This is a third div\nwith a new line.",
"text": "This is a third div\nwith a new line."
},
{
"self_ref": "#/texts/4",
"parent": {
"$ref": "#/body"
},
"children": [],
"content_layer": "body",
"label": "paragraph",
"prov": [],
"orig": "This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph.",
"text": "This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph."
}
],
"pictures": [],
"tables": [],
"key_value_items": [],
"form_items": [],
"pages": {}
}

10
tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
This is a div with text.
This is another div with text.
This is a regular paragraph.
This is a third div
with a new line.
This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph.

919
tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt
View File

@ -1,474 +1,491 @@
item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_
item-1 at level 1: list: group list
item-2 at level 2: list_item: Main page
item-3 at level 2: list_item: Contents
item-4 at level 2: list_item: Current events
item-5 at level 2: list_item: Random article
item-6 at level 2: list_item: About Wikipedia
item-7 at level 2: list_item: Contact us
item-8 at level 1: list: group list
item-9 at level 2: list_item: Help
item-10 at level 2: list_item: Learn to edit
item-11 at level 2: list_item: Community portal
item-12 at level 2: list_item: Recent changes
item-13 at level 2: list_item: Upload file
item-14 at level 1: picture
item-15 at level 1: picture
item-16 at level 1: picture
item-17 at level 1: list: group list
item-18 at level 1: list: group list
item-19 at level 2: list_item: Donate
item-1 at level 1: paragraph: Main menu
item-2 at level 1: paragraph: Navigation
item-3 at level 1: list: group list
item-4 at level 2: list_item: Main page
item-5 at level 2: list_item: Contents
item-6 at level 2: list_item: Current events
item-7 at level 2: list_item: Random article
item-8 at level 2: list_item: About Wikipedia
item-9 at level 2: list_item: Contact us
item-10 at level 1: paragraph: Contribute
item-11 at level 1: list: group list
item-12 at level 2: list_item: Help
item-13 at level 2: list_item: Learn to edit
item-14 at level 2: list_item: Community portal
item-15 at level 2: list_item: Recent changes
item-16 at level 2: list_item: Upload file
item-17 at level 1: picture
item-18 at level 1: picture
item-19 at level 1: picture
item-20 at level 1: list: group list
item-21 at level 1: list: group list
item-22 at level 2: list_item: Create account
item-23 at level 2: list_item: Log in
item-22 at level 2: list_item: Donate
item-23 at level 1: list: group list
item-24 at level 1: list: group list
item-25 at level 2: list_item: Create account
item-26 at level 2: list_item: Log in
item-27 at level 1: list: group list
item-28 at level 2: list_item: Contributions
item-29 at level 2: list_item: Talk
item-30 at level 1: section: group header-1
item-31 at level 2: section_header: Contents
item-32 at level 3: list: group list
item-33 at level 4: list_item: (Top)
item-34 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology
item-35 at level 5: list: group list
item-36 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy
item-37 at level 5: list: group list
item-38 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology
item-28 at level 2: list_item: Create account
item-29 at level 2: list_item: Log in
item-30 at level 1: paragraph: Pages for logged out editors
item-31 at level 1: list: group list
item-32 at level 2: list_item: Contributions
item-33 at level 2: list_item: Talk
item-34 at level 1: section: group header-1
item-35 at level 2: section_header: Contents
item-36 at level 3: list: group list
item-37 at level 4: list_item: (Top)
item-38 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology
item-39 at level 5: list: group list
item-40 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat
item-40 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy
item-41 at level 5: list: group list
item-42 at level 4: list_item: 5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection
item-42 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology
item-43 at level 5: list: group list
item-44 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding
item-45 at level 7: list: group list
item-46 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding
item-47 at level 7: list: group list
item-48 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication
item-44 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat
item-45 at level 5: list: group list
item-46 at level 4: list_item: 5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection
item-47 at level 5: list: group list
item-48 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding
item-49 at level 7: list: group list
item-50 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators
item-50 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding
item-51 at level 7: list: group list
item-52 at level 4: list_item: 6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection
item-53 at level 5: list: group list
item-54 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting
item-52 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication
item-53 at level 7: list: group list
item-54 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators
item-55 at level 7: list: group list
item-56 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication
item-57 at level 7: list: group list
item-58 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry
item-56 at level 4: list_item: 6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection
item-57 at level 5: list: group list
item-58 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting
item-59 at level 7: list: group list
item-60 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references
item-60 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication
item-61 at level 7: list: group list
item-62 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also
item-63 at level 5: list: group list
item-64 at level 4: list_item: 8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection
item-65 at level 5: list: group list
item-66 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations
item-67 at level 7: list: group list
item-68 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources
item-69 at level 7: list: group list
item-70 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links
item-71 at level 5: list: group list
item-72 at level 1: title: Duck
item-73 at level 2: list: group list
item-74 at level 3: list_item: Acèh
item-75 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans
item-76 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch
item-77 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ
item-78 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc
item-79 at level 3: list_item: العربية
item-80 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés
item-81 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ
item-82 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti
item-83 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu
item-84 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw
item-85 at level 3: list_item: Авар
item-86 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru
item-87 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه
item-88 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali
item-89 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা
item-90 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
item-91 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская
item-92 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
item-93 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central
item-94 at level 3: list_item: Български
item-95 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg
item-96 at level 3: list_item: Буряад
item-97 at level 3: list_item: Català
item-98 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла
item-99 at level 3: list_item: Čeština
item-100 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona
item-101 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg
item-102 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli
item-103 at level 3: list_item: Dansk
item-104 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch
item-105 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch
item-106 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली
item-107 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά
item-108 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl
item-109 at level 3: list_item: Español
item-110 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto
item-111 at level 3: list_item: Euskara
item-112 at level 3: list_item: فارسی
item-113 at level 3: list_item: Français
item-114 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge
item-115 at level 3: list_item: Galego
item-116 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай
item-117 at level 3: list_item: 贛語
item-118 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی
item-119 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
item-120 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
item-121 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî
item-122 at level 3: list_item: 한국어
item-123 at level 3: list_item: Hausa
item-124 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն
item-125 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी
item-126 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski
item-127 at level 3: list_item: Ido
item-128 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia
item-129 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun
item-130 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska
item-131 at level 3: list_item: Italiano
item-132 at level 3: list_item: עברית
item-133 at level 3: list_item: Jawa
item-134 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ
item-135 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan
item-136 at level 3: list_item: ქართული
item-137 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر
item-138 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша
item-139 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi
item-140 at level 3: list_item: Kongo
item-141 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen
item-142 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары
item-143 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ
item-144 at level 3: list_item: Latina
item-145 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu
item-146 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių
item-147 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha
item-148 at level 3: list_item: Ligure
item-149 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs
item-150 at level 3: list_item: Lingála
item-151 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy
item-152 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം
item-153 at level 3: list_item: मराठी
item-154 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی
item-155 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu
item-156 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
item-157 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
item-158 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень
item-159 at level 3: list_item: Монгол
item-160 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ
item-161 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands
item-162 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies
item-163 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली
item-164 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा
item-165 at level 3: list_item: 日本語
item-166 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн
item-167 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk
item-168 at level 3: list_item: Occitan
item-169 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo
item-170 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
item-171 at level 3: list_item: Picard
item-172 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch
item-173 at level 3: list_item: Polski
item-174 at level 3: list_item: Português
item-175 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca
item-176 at level 3: list_item: Română
item-177 at level 3: list_item: Русский
item-178 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла
item-179 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
item-180 at level 3: list_item: Sardu
item-181 at level 3: list_item: Scots
item-182 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk
item-183 at level 3: list_item: Shqip
item-184 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu
item-185 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල
item-186 at level 3: list_item: Simple English
item-187 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي
item-188 at level 3: list_item: کوردی
item-189 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski
item-190 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
item-191 at level 3: list_item: Sunda
item-192 at level 3: list_item: Svenska
item-193 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog
item-194 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ்
item-195 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit
item-196 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça
item-197 at level 3: list_item: ไทย
item-198 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe
item-199 at level 3: list_item: Українська
item-200 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
item-201 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh
item-202 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt
item-203 at level 3: list_item: Walon
item-204 at level 3: list_item: 文言
item-205 at level 3: list_item: Winaray
item-206 at level 3: list_item: 吴语
item-207 at level 3: list_item: 粵語
item-208 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška
item-209 at level 3: list_item: 中文
item-210 at level 2: list: group list
item-211 at level 3: list_item: Article
item-212 at level 3: list_item: Talk
item-213 at level 2: list: group list
item-62 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry
item-63 at level 7: list: group list
item-64 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references
item-65 at level 7: list: group list
item-66 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also
item-67 at level 5: list: group list
item-68 at level 4: list_item: 8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection
item-69 at level 5: list: group list
item-70 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations
item-71 at level 7: list: group list
item-72 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources
item-73 at level 7: list: group list
item-74 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links
item-75 at level 5: list: group list
item-76 at level 1: title: Duck
item-77 at level 2: list: group list
item-78 at level 3: list_item: Acèh
item-79 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans
item-80 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch
item-81 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ
item-82 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc
item-83 at level 3: list_item: العربية
item-84 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés
item-85 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ
item-86 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti
item-87 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu
item-88 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw
item-89 at level 3: list_item: Авар
item-90 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru
item-91 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه
item-92 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali
item-93 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা
item-94 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
item-95 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская
item-96 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
item-97 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central
item-98 at level 3: list_item: Български
item-99 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg
item-100 at level 3: list_item: Буряад
item-101 at level 3: list_item: Català
item-102 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла
item-103 at level 3: list_item: Čeština
item-104 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona
item-105 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg
item-106 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli
item-107 at level 3: list_item: Dansk
item-108 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch
item-109 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch
item-110 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली
item-111 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά
item-112 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl
item-113 at level 3: list_item: Español
item-114 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto
item-115 at level 3: list_item: Euskara
item-116 at level 3: list_item: فارسی
item-117 at level 3: list_item: Français
item-118 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge
item-119 at level 3: list_item: Galego
item-120 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай
item-121 at level 3: list_item: 贛語
item-122 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی
item-123 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
item-124 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
item-125 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî
item-126 at level 3: list_item: 한국어
item-127 at level 3: list_item: Hausa
item-128 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն
item-129 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी
item-130 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski
item-131 at level 3: list_item: Ido
item-132 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia
item-133 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun
item-134 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska
item-135 at level 3: list_item: Italiano
item-136 at level 3: list_item: עברית
item-137 at level 3: list_item: Jawa
item-138 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ
item-139 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan
item-140 at level 3: list_item: ქართული
item-141 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر
item-142 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша
item-143 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi
item-144 at level 3: list_item: Kongo
item-145 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen
item-146 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары
item-147 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ
item-148 at level 3: list_item: Latina
item-149 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu
item-150 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių
item-151 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha
item-152 at level 3: list_item: Ligure
item-153 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs
item-154 at level 3: list_item: Lingála
item-155 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy
item-156 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം
item-157 at level 3: list_item: मराठी
item-158 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی
item-159 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu
item-160 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
item-161 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
item-162 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень
item-163 at level 3: list_item: Монгол
item-164 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ
item-165 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands
item-166 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies
item-167 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली
item-168 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा
item-169 at level 3: list_item: 日本語
item-170 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн
item-171 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk
item-172 at level 3: list_item: Occitan
item-173 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo
item-174 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
item-175 at level 3: list_item: Picard
item-176 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch
item-177 at level 3: list_item: Polski
item-178 at level 3: list_item: Português
item-179 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca
item-180 at level 3: list_item: Română
item-181 at level 3: list_item: Русский
item-182 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла
item-183 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
item-184 at level 3: list_item: Sardu
item-185 at level 3: list_item: Scots
item-186 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk
item-187 at level 3: list_item: Shqip
item-188 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu
item-189 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල
item-190 at level 3: list_item: Simple English
item-191 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي
item-192 at level 3: list_item: کوردی
item-193 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski
item-194 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
item-195 at level 3: list_item: Sunda
item-196 at level 3: list_item: Svenska
item-197 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog
item-198 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ்
item-199 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit
item-200 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça
item-201 at level 3: list_item: ไทย
item-202 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe
item-203 at level 3: list_item: Українська
item-204 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
item-205 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh
item-206 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt
item-207 at level 3: list_item: Walon
item-208 at level 3: list_item: 文言
item-209 at level 3: list_item: Winaray
item-210 at level 3: list_item: 吴语
item-211 at level 3: list_item: 粵語
item-212 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška
item-213 at level 3: list_item: 中文
item-214 at level 2: list: group list
item-215 at level 3: list_item: Read
item-216 at level 3: list_item: View source
item-217 at level 3: list_item: View history
item-215 at level 3: list_item: Article
item-216 at level 3: list_item: Talk
item-217 at level 2: list: group list
item-218 at level 2: list: group list
item-219 at level 3: list_item: Read
item-220 at level 3: list_item: View source
item-221 at level 3: list_item: View history
item-222 at level 2: list: group list
item-223 at level 3: list_item: What links here
item-224 at level 3: list_item: Related changes
item-225 at level 3: list_item: Upload file
item-226 at level 3: list_item: Special pages
item-227 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link
item-228 at level 3: list_item: Page information
item-229 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page
item-230 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL
item-231 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code
item-232 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item
item-233 at level 2: list: group list
item-234 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF
item-235 at level 3: list_item: Printable version
item-236 at level 2: list: group list
item-237 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons
item-238 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote
item-239 at level 2: picture
item-240 at level 2: table with [13x2]
item-241 at level 2: paragraph: Duck is the common name for nume ... und in both fresh water and sea water.
item-242 at level 2: paragraph: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... divers, grebes, gallinules and coots.
item-243 at level 2: section_header: Etymology
item-244 at level 3: paragraph: The word duck comes from Old Eng ... h duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'.
item-245 at level 3: picture
item-245 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
item-246 at level 3: paragraph: This word replaced Old English e ... nskrit ātí 'water bird', among others.
item-247 at level 3: paragraph: A duckling is a young duck in do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling.
item-248 at level 3: paragraph: A male is called a drake and the ... a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4]
item-249 at level 3: picture
item-249 at level 4: caption: Male mallard.
item-250 at level 3: picture
item-250 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks.
item-251 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy
item-252 at level 3: paragraph: All ducks belong to the biologic ... ationships between various species.[9]
item-253 at level 3: picture
item-253 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach
item-254 at level 3: paragraph: In most modern classifications, ... all size and stiff, upright tails.[14]
item-255 at level 3: paragraph: A number of other species called ... shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15]
item-256 at level 2: section_header: Morphology
item-257 at level 3: picture
item-257 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck
item-258 at level 3: paragraph: The overall body plan of ducks i ... is moult typically precedes migration.
item-259 at level 3: paragraph: The drakes of northern species o ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape.
item-260 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat
item-261 at level 3: picture
item-261 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
item-262 at level 3: paragraph: Ducks have a cosmopolitan distri ... endemic to such far-flung islands.[21]
item-222 at level 2: paragraph: Tools
item-223 at level 2: paragraph: Actions
item-224 at level 2: list: group list
item-225 at level 3: list_item: Read
item-226 at level 3: list_item: View source
item-227 at level 3: list_item: View history
item-228 at level 2: paragraph: General
item-229 at level 2: list: group list
item-230 at level 3: list_item: What links here
item-231 at level 3: list_item: Related changes
item-232 at level 3: list_item: Upload file
item-233 at level 3: list_item: Special pages
item-234 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link
item-235 at level 3: list_item: Page information
item-236 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page
item-237 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL
item-238 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code
item-239 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item
item-240 at level 2: paragraph: Print/export
item-241 at level 2: list: group list
item-242 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF
item-243 at level 3: list_item: Printable version
item-244 at level 2: paragraph: In other projects
item-245 at level 2: list: group list
item-246 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons
item-247 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote
item-248 at level 2: paragraph: Appearance
item-249 at level 2: picture
item-250 at level 2: paragraph: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
item-251 at level 2: paragraph: Common name for many species of bird
item-252 at level 2: paragraph: This article is about the bird. ... as a food, see . For other uses, see .
item-253 at level 2: paragraph: "Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see .
item-254 at level 2: table with [13x2]
item-255 at level 2: paragraph: Duck is the common name for nume ... und in both fresh water and sea water.
item-256 at level 2: paragraph: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... divers, grebes, gallinules and coots.
item-257 at level 2: section_header: Etymology
item-258 at level 3: paragraph: The word duck comes from Old Eng ... h duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'.
item-259 at level 3: picture
item-259 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
item-260 at level 3: paragraph: This word replaced Old English e ... nskrit ātí 'water bird', among others.
item-261 at level 3: paragraph: A duckling is a young duck in do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling.
item-262 at level 3: paragraph: A male is called a drake and the ... a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4]
item-263 at level 3: picture
item-263 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
item-264 at level 3: paragraph: Some duck species, mainly those ... t form after localised heavy rain.[23]
item-265 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour
item-266 at level 3: section_header: Feeding
item-267 at level 4: picture
item-267 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill
item-268 at level 4: picture
item-268 at level 5: caption: Mallard duckling preening
item-269 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks eat food sources such as g ... amphibians, worms, and small molluscs.
item-270 at level 4: paragraph: Dabbling ducks feed on the surfa ... thers and to hold slippery food items.
item-271 at level 4: paragraph: Diving ducks and sea ducks forag ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly.
item-272 at level 4: paragraph: A few specialized species such a ... apted to catch and swallow large fish.
item-273 at level 4: paragraph: The others have the characterist ... e nostrils come out through hard horn.
item-274 at level 4: paragraph: The Guardian published an articl ... the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]
item-275 at level 3: section_header: Breeding
item-276 at level 4: picture
item-276 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling
item-277 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks generally only have one pa ... st and led her ducklings to water.[28]
item-278 at level 3: section_header: Communication
item-279 at level 4: paragraph: Female mallard ducks (as well as ... laying calls or quieter contact calls.
item-280 at level 4: paragraph: A common urban legend claims tha ... annel television show MythBusters.[32]
item-281 at level 3: section_header: Predators
item-263 at level 4: caption: Male mallard.
item-264 at level 3: picture
item-264 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks.
item-265 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy
item-266 at level 3: paragraph: All ducks belong to the biologic ... ationships between various species.[9]
item-267 at level 3: picture
item-267 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach
item-268 at level 3: paragraph: In most modern classifications, ... all size and stiff, upright tails.[14]
item-269 at level 3: paragraph: A number of other species called ... shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15]
item-270 at level 2: section_header: Morphology
item-271 at level 3: picture
item-271 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck
item-272 at level 3: paragraph: The overall body plan of ducks i ... is moult typically precedes migration.
item-273 at level 3: paragraph: The drakes of northern species o ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape.
item-274 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat
item-275 at level 3: picture
item-275 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
item-276 at level 3: paragraph: Ducks have a cosmopolitan distri ... endemic to such far-flung islands.[21]
item-277 at level 3: picture
item-277 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
item-278 at level 3: paragraph: Some duck species, mainly those ... t form after localised heavy rain.[23]
item-279 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour
item-280 at level 3: section_header: Feeding
item-281 at level 4: picture
item-281 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill
item-282 at level 4: picture
item-282 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal
item-283 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... or large birds, such as hawks or owls.
item-284 at level 4: paragraph: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... its speed and strength to catch ducks.
item-285 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans
item-286 at level 3: section_header: Hunting
item-287 at level 4: paragraph: Humans have hunted ducks since p ... evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]
item-288 at level 4: paragraph: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... inated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]
item-289 at level 3: section_header: Domestication
item-282 at level 5: caption: Mallard duckling preening
item-283 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks eat food sources such as g ... amphibians, worms, and small molluscs.
item-284 at level 4: paragraph: Dabbling ducks feed on the surfa ... thers and to hold slippery food items.
item-285 at level 4: paragraph: Diving ducks and sea ducks forag ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly.
item-286 at level 4: paragraph: A few specialized species such a ... apted to catch and swallow large fish.
item-287 at level 4: paragraph: The others have the characterist ... e nostrils come out through hard horn.
item-288 at level 4: paragraph: The Guardian published an articl ... the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]
item-289 at level 3: section_header: Breeding
item-290 at level 4: picture
item-290 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
item-291 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).[48]
item-292 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry
item-293 at level 4: picture
item-293 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
item-294 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks appear on several coats of ... the coat of arms of Föglö (Åland).[51]
item-295 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references
item-296 at level 4: paragraph: In 2002, psychologist Richard Wi ... 54] and was made into a movie in 1986.
item-297 at level 4: paragraph: The 1992 Disney film The Mighty ... Ducks minor league baseball team.[55]
item-298 at level 2: section_header: See also
item-299 at level 3: list: group list
item-300 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal
item-301 at level 3: list: group list
item-302 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck
item-303 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food
item-304 at level 4: list_item: Duck test
item-305 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds
item-306 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks
item-307 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck
item-308 at level 2: section_header: Notes
item-309 at level 3: section_header: Citations
item-310 at level 4: ordered_list: group ordered list
item-311 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". The American Herit ... n Company. 2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
item-312 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". Kernerman English ... Ltd. 2000–2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
item-313 at level 5: list_item: ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). ... University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139.
item-314 at level 5: list_item: ^ Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (20 ... Publishing Group. ISBN 9780823961566.
item-315 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d Carboneras 1992, p. 536.
item-316 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livezey 1986, pp. 737–738.
item-317 at level 5: list_item: ^ Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988, p. 452.
item-318 at level 5: list_item: ^ Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002, pp. 353–354.
item-319 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f Carboneras 1992, p. 540.
item-320 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 191.
item-321 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 448.
item-322 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 622–623.
item-323 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 686.
item-324 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 193.
item-325 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f g Carboneras 1992, p. 537.
item-326 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998, p. xix.
item-327 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998.
item-328 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carboneras 1992, p. 538.
item-329 at level 5: list_item: ^ Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 62.
item-330 at level 5: list_item: ^ Shirihai 2008, pp. 239, 245.
item-331 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987, pp. 98–107.
item-332 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, pp. 52–3.
item-333 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Pacific Black Duck". www.wiresnr.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
item-334 at level 5: list_item: ^ Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Ducks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
item-335 at level 5: list_item: ^ Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015) ... Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
item-336 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mi ... 4615-6787-5_4. ISBN 978-1-4615-6789-9.
item-337 at level 5: list_item: ^ Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; ... 093/condor/102.1.201. hdl:10315/13797.
item-338 at level 5: list_item: ^ "If You Find An Orphaned Duckl ... l on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
item-339 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carver, Heather (2011). The Du ...  9780557901562.[self-published source]
item-340 at level 5: list_item: ^ Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). Bir ... man & Littlefield. ISBN 9780762797707.
item-341 at level 5: list_item: ^ Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). " ... kers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
item-342 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Mythbusters Episode 8". 12 December 2003.
item-343 at level 5: list_item: ^ Erlandson 1994, p. 171.
item-344 at level 5: list_item: ^ Jeffries 2008, pp. 168, 243.
item-345 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Sued-Badillo 2003, p. 65.
item-346 at level 5: list_item: ^ Thorpe 1996, p. 68.
item-347 at level 5: list_item: ^ Maisels 1999, p. 42.
item-348 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rau 1876, p. 133.
item-349 at level 5: list_item: ^ Higman 2012, p. 23.
item-350 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 53.
item-351 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 52.
item-352 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fieldhouse 2002, p. 167.
item-353 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01) ... Editions, Limited. ISBN 9781853263774.
item-354 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Study plan for waterfowl inju ... on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
item-355 at level 5: list_item: ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-10-25.
item-356 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic ... . Digimorph.org. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
item-357 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sy Montgomery. "Mallard; Encyc ... Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
item-358 at level 5: list_item: ^ Glenday, Craig (2014). Guinnes ... ited. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9.
item-359 at level 5: list_item: ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in F ... tto. 1982. p. 147. ISBN 951-773-085-3.
item-360 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Lubānas simbolika" (in Latvian). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
item-361 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Föglö" (in Swedish). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
item-362 at level 5: list_item: ^ Young, Emma. "World's funniest ... w Scientist. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
item-363 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Howard the Duck (character)". Grand Comics Database.
item-364 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Lau ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck.
item-365 at level 5: list_item: ^ "The Duck". University of Oregon Athletics. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
item-366 at level 3: section_header: Sources
item-367 at level 4: list: group list
item-368 at level 5: list_item: American Ornithologists' Union ( ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
item-369 at level 5: list_item: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8.
item-370 at level 5: list_item: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E ... ro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
item-371 at level 5: list_item: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... /S1055-7903(02)00019-2. PMID 12099792.
item-372 at level 5: list_item: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6250-4.
item-373 at level 5: list_item: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). Early ... usiness Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-3231-0.
item-374 at level 5: list_item: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). Food, F ... ara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4.
item-375 at level 5: list_item: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5.
item-376 at level 5: list_item: Higman, B. W. (2012). How Food M ... Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8947-7.
item-377 at level 5: list_item: Hume, Julian H. (2012). Extinct ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5.
item-378 at level 5: list_item: Jeffries, Richard (2008). Holoce ... Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1658-7.
item-379 at level 5: list_item: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861009-0.
item-380 at level 5: list_item: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 198 ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
item-381 at level 5: list_item: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
item-382 at level 5: list_item: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). E ... on: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10975-8.
item-383 at level 5: list_item: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phill ... University Press. ISBN 0-691-02399-9.
item-384 at level 5: list_item: Rau, Charles (1876). Early Man i ... ork: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 05040168.
item-385 at level 5: list_item: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). A Comp ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13666-0.
item-386 at level 5: list_item: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). Auto ... Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103832-7.
item-387 at level 5: list_item: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). The Origin ... rk: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08009-5.
item-388 at level 2: section_header: External links
item-389 at level 3: list: group list
item-390 at level 4: list_item: Definitions from Wiktionary
item-391 at level 4: list_item: Media from Commons
item-392 at level 4: list_item: Quotations from Wikiquote
item-393 at level 4: list_item: Recipes from Wikibooks
item-394 at level 4: list_item: Taxa from Wikispecies
item-395 at level 4: list_item: Data from Wikidata
item-396 at level 3: list: group list
item-397 at level 4: list_item: list of books (useful looking abstracts)
item-398 at level 4: list_item: Ducks on postage stamps Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
item-399 at level 4: list_item: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hine ... uide to identification of US waterfowl
item-400 at level 3: table with [3x2]
item-401 at level 3: picture
item-402 at level 3: list: group list
item-403 at level 4: list_item: Ducks
item-404 at level 4: list_item: Game birds
item-405 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names
item-406 at level 3: list: group list
item-407 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes
item-408 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020
item-409 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
item-410 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)
item-411 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)
item-412 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description
item-413 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata
item-414 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
item-415 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
item-416 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats
item-417 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text
item-418 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text
item-419 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text
item-420 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text
item-421 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text
item-422 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
item-423 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources
item-424 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020
item-425 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements
item-426 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022
item-427 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value
item-428 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch
item-429 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
item-430 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links
item-431 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links
item-432 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips
item-433 at level 3: list: group list
item-434 at level 4: list_item: This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 12:11 (UTC).
item-435 at level 4: list_item: Text is available under the Crea ... tion, Inc., a non-profit organization.
item-436 at level 3: list: group list
item-437 at level 4: list_item: Privacy policy
item-438 at level 4: list_item: About Wikipedia
item-439 at level 4: list_item: Disclaimers
item-440 at level 4: list_item: Contact Wikipedia
item-441 at level 4: list_item: Code of Conduct
item-442 at level 4: list_item: Developers
item-443 at level 4: list_item: Statistics
item-444 at level 4: list_item: Cookie statement
item-445 at level 4: list_item: Mobile view
item-446 at level 3: list: group list
item-447 at level 3: list: group list
item-448 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
item-449 at level 1: caption: Male mallard.
item-450 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks.
item-451 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach
item-452 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck
item-453 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
item-454 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
item-455 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill
item-456 at level 1: caption: Mallard duckling preening
item-457 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling
item-458 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal
item-459 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
item-460 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
item-290 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling
item-291 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks generally only have one pa ... st and led her ducklings to water.[28]
item-292 at level 3: section_header: Communication
item-293 at level 4: paragraph: Female mallard ducks (as well as ... laying calls or quieter contact calls.
item-294 at level 4: paragraph: A common urban legend claims tha ... annel television show MythBusters.[32]
item-295 at level 3: section_header: Predators
item-296 at level 4: picture
item-296 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal
item-297 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... or large birds, such as hawks or owls.
item-298 at level 4: paragraph: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... its speed and strength to catch ducks.
item-299 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans
item-300 at level 3: section_header: Hunting
item-301 at level 4: paragraph: Humans have hunted ducks since p ... evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]
item-302 at level 4: paragraph: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... inated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]
item-303 at level 3: section_header: Domestication
item-304 at level 4: picture
item-304 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
item-305 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).[48]
item-306 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry
item-307 at level 4: picture
item-307 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
item-308 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks appear on several coats of ... the coat of arms of Föglö (Åland).[51]
item-309 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references
item-310 at level 4: paragraph: In 2002, psychologist Richard Wi ... 54] and was made into a movie in 1986.
item-311 at level 4: paragraph: The 1992 Disney film The Mighty ... Ducks minor league baseball team.[55]
item-312 at level 2: section_header: See also
item-313 at level 3: list: group list
item-314 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal
item-315 at level 3: list: group list
item-316 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck
item-317 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food
item-318 at level 4: list_item: Duck test
item-319 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds
item-320 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks
item-321 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck
item-322 at level 2: section_header: Notes
item-323 at level 3: section_header: Citations
item-324 at level 4: ordered_list: group ordered list
item-325 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". The American Herit ... n Company. 2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
item-326 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". Kernerman English ... Ltd. 2000–2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
item-327 at level 5: list_item: ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). ... University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139.
item-328 at level 5: list_item: ^ Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (20 ... Publishing Group. ISBN 9780823961566.
item-329 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d Carboneras 1992, p. 536.
item-330 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livezey 1986, pp. 737–738.
item-331 at level 5: list_item: ^ Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988, p. 452.
item-332 at level 5: list_item: ^ Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002, pp. 353–354.
item-333 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f Carboneras 1992, p. 540.
item-334 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 191.
item-335 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 448.
item-336 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 622–623.
item-337 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 686.
item-338 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 193.
item-339 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f g Carboneras 1992, p. 537.
item-340 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998, p. xix.
item-341 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998.
item-342 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carboneras 1992, p. 538.
item-343 at level 5: list_item: ^ Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 62.
item-344 at level 5: list_item: ^ Shirihai 2008, pp. 239, 245.
item-345 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987, pp. 98–107.
item-346 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, pp. 52–3.
item-347 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Pacific Black Duck". www.wiresnr.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
item-348 at level 5: list_item: ^ Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Ducks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
item-349 at level 5: list_item: ^ Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015) ... Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
item-350 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mi ... 4615-6787-5_4. ISBN 978-1-4615-6789-9.
item-351 at level 5: list_item: ^ Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; ... 093/condor/102.1.201. hdl:10315/13797.
item-352 at level 5: list_item: ^ "If You Find An Orphaned Duckl ... l on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
item-353 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carver, Heather (2011). The Du ...  9780557901562.[self-published source]
item-354 at level 5: list_item: ^ Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). Bir ... man & Littlefield. ISBN 9780762797707.
item-355 at level 5: list_item: ^ Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). " ... kers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
item-356 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Mythbusters Episode 8". 12 December 2003.
item-357 at level 5: list_item: ^ Erlandson 1994, p. 171.
item-358 at level 5: list_item: ^ Jeffries 2008, pp. 168, 243.
item-359 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Sued-Badillo 2003, p. 65.
item-360 at level 5: list_item: ^ Thorpe 1996, p. 68.
item-361 at level 5: list_item: ^ Maisels 1999, p. 42.
item-362 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rau 1876, p. 133.
item-363 at level 5: list_item: ^ Higman 2012, p. 23.
item-364 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 53.
item-365 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 52.
item-366 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fieldhouse 2002, p. 167.
item-367 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01) ... Editions, Limited. ISBN 9781853263774.
item-368 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Study plan for waterfowl inju ... on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
item-369 at level 5: list_item: ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-10-25.
item-370 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic ... . Digimorph.org. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
item-371 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sy Montgomery. "Mallard; Encyc ... Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
item-372 at level 5: list_item: ^ Glenday, Craig (2014). Guinnes ... ited. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9.
item-373 at level 5: list_item: ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in F ... tto. 1982. p. 147. ISBN 951-773-085-3.
item-374 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Lubānas simbolika" (in Latvian). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
item-375 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Föglö" (in Swedish). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
item-376 at level 5: list_item: ^ Young, Emma. "World's funniest ... w Scientist. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
item-377 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Howard the Duck (character)". Grand Comics Database.
item-378 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Lau ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck.
item-379 at level 5: list_item: ^ "The Duck". University of Oregon Athletics. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
item-380 at level 3: section_header: Sources
item-381 at level 4: list: group list
item-382 at level 5: list_item: American Ornithologists' Union ( ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
item-383 at level 5: list_item: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8.
item-384 at level 5: list_item: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E ... ro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
item-385 at level 5: list_item: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... /S1055-7903(02)00019-2. PMID 12099792.
item-386 at level 5: list_item: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6250-4.
item-387 at level 5: list_item: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). Early ... usiness Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-3231-0.
item-388 at level 5: list_item: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). Food, F ... ara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4.
item-389 at level 5: list_item: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5.
item-390 at level 5: list_item: Higman, B. W. (2012). How Food M ... Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8947-7.
item-391 at level 5: list_item: Hume, Julian H. (2012). Extinct ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5.
item-392 at level 5: list_item: Jeffries, Richard (2008). Holoce ... Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1658-7.
item-393 at level 5: list_item: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861009-0.
item-394 at level 5: list_item: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 198 ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
item-395 at level 5: list_item: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
item-396 at level 5: list_item: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). E ... on: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10975-8.
item-397 at level 5: list_item: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phill ... University Press. ISBN 0-691-02399-9.
item-398 at level 5: list_item: Rau, Charles (1876). Early Man i ... ork: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 05040168.
item-399 at level 5: list_item: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). A Comp ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13666-0.
item-400 at level 5: list_item: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). Auto ... Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103832-7.
item-401 at level 5: list_item: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). The Origin ... rk: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08009-5.
item-402 at level 2: section_header: External links
item-403 at level 3: list: group list
item-404 at level 4: list_item: Definitions from Wiktionary
item-405 at level 4: list_item: Media from Commons
item-406 at level 4: list_item: Quotations from Wikiquote
item-407 at level 4: list_item: Recipes from Wikibooks
item-408 at level 4: list_item: Taxa from Wikispecies
item-409 at level 4: list_item: Data from Wikidata
item-410 at level 3: list: group list
item-411 at level 4: list_item: list of books (useful looking abstracts)
item-412 at level 4: list_item: Ducks on postage stamps Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
item-413 at level 4: list_item: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hine ... uide to identification of US waterfowl
item-414 at level 3: table with [3x2]
item-415 at level 3: picture
item-416 at level 3: paragraph: Retrieved from ""
item-417 at level 3: paragraph: :
item-418 at level 3: list: group list
item-419 at level 4: list_item: Ducks
item-420 at level 4: list_item: Game birds
item-421 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names
item-422 at level 3: paragraph: Hidden categories:
item-423 at level 3: list: group list
item-424 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes
item-425 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020
item-426 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
item-427 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)
item-428 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)
item-429 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description
item-430 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata
item-431 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
item-432 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
item-433 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats
item-434 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text
item-435 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text
item-436 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text
item-437 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text
item-438 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text
item-439 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
item-440 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources
item-441 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020
item-442 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements
item-443 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022
item-444 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value
item-445 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch
item-446 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
item-447 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links
item-448 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links
item-449 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips
item-450 at level 3: list: group list
item-451 at level 4: list_item: This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 12:11 (UTC).
item-452 at level 4: list_item: Text is available under the Crea ... tion, Inc., a non-profit organization.
item-453 at level 3: list: group list
item-454 at level 4: list_item: Privacy policy
item-455 at level 4: list_item: About Wikipedia
item-456 at level 4: list_item: Disclaimers
item-457 at level 4: list_item: Contact Wikipedia
item-458 at level 4: list_item: Code of Conduct
item-459 at level 4: list_item: Developers
item-460 at level 4: list_item: Statistics
item-461 at level 4: list_item: Cookie statement
item-462 at level 4: list_item: Mobile view
item-463 at level 3: list: group list
item-464 at level 3: list: group list
item-465 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
item-466 at level 1: caption: Male mallard.
item-467 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks.
item-468 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach
item-469 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck
item-470 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
item-471 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
item-472 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill
item-473 at level 1: caption: Mallard duckling preening
item-474 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling
item-475 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal
item-476 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
item-477 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]

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Main menu
Navigation
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<!-- image -->
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Common name for many species of bird
This article is about the bird. For duck as a food, see . For other uses, see .
"Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see .
| Duck | Duck |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| | |
@ -482,10 +515,16 @@ The 1992 Disney film The Mighty Ducks, starring Emilio Estevez, chose the duck a
<!-- image -->
Retrieved from ""
:
- Ducks
- Game birds
- Bird common names
Hidden categories:
- All accuracy disputes
- Accuracy disputes from February 2020
- CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)

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<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML File</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>This is a div with text.</div>
<div>This is another div with text.</div>
<p>This is a regular paragraph.</p>
<div>This is a third div<br/>with a new line.</div>
<div><p>This is a fourth div with a <b>bold</b> paragraph.</p></div>
</body>
</html>