diff --git a/docling/backend/html_backend.py b/docling/backend/html_backend.py index 5b7f5d8..00ef05b 100644 --- a/docling/backend/html_backend.py +++ b/docling/backend/html_backend.py @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ import logging from io import BytesIO from pathlib import Path -from typing import Optional, Union, cast +from typing import Final, Optional, Union, cast from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, NavigableString, PageElement, Tag +from bs4.element import PreformattedString from docling_core.types.doc import ( DocItem, DocItemLabel, @@ -22,12 +23,29 @@ from docling.datamodel.document import InputDocument _log = logging.getLogger(__name__) +# tags that generate NodeItem elements +TAGS_FOR_NODE_ITEMS: Final = [ + "h1", + "h2", + "h3", + "h4", + "h5", + "h6", + "p", + "pre", + "ul", + "ol", + "li", + "table", + "figure", + "img", +] + class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend): @override def __init__(self, in_doc: "InputDocument", path_or_stream: Union[BytesIO, Path]): super().__init__(in_doc, path_or_stream) - _log.debug("About to init HTML backend...") self.soup: Optional[Tag] = None # HTML file: self.path_or_stream = path_or_stream @@ -88,6 +106,7 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend): assert self.soup is not None content = self.soup.body or self.soup # Replace
tags with newline characters + # TODO: remove style to avoid losing text from tags like i, b, span, ... for br in content("br"): br.replace_with(NavigableString("\n")) self.walk(content, doc) @@ -99,6 +118,7 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend): def walk(self, tag: Tag, doc: DoclingDocument) -> None: # Iterate over elements in the body of the document + text: str = "" for element in tag.children: if isinstance(element, Tag): try: @@ -108,6 +128,25 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend): f"Error processing child from tag{tag.name}: {exc_child}" ) raise exc_child + elif isinstance(element, NavigableString) and not isinstance( + element, PreformattedString + ): + # Floating text outside paragraphs or analyzed tags + text += element + siblings: list[Tag] = [ + item for item in element.next_siblings if isinstance(item, Tag) + ] + if element.next_sibling is None or any( + [item.name in TAGS_FOR_NODE_ITEMS for item in siblings] + ): + text = text.strip() + if text and tag.name in ["div"]: + doc.add_text( + parent=self.parents[self.level], + label=DocItemLabel.PARAGRAPH, + text=text, + ) + text = "" return @@ -158,7 +197,7 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend): text = element.text.strip() if hlevel == 1: - for key, val in self.parents.items(): + for key in self.parents.keys(): self.parents[key] = None self.level = 1 diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.itxt b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.itxt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ecad16 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.itxt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_ + item-1 at level 1: paragraph: This is a div with text. + item-2 at level 1: paragraph: This is another div with text. + item-3 at level 1: paragraph: This is a regular paragraph. + item-4 at level 1: paragraph: This is a third div +with a new line. + item-5 at level 1: paragraph: This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.json b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03ce776 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.json @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +{ + "schema_name": "DoclingDocument", + "version": "1.1.0", + "name": "example_06", + "origin": { + "mimetype": "text/html", + "binary_hash": 14574683870626799530, + "filename": "example_06.html" + }, + "furniture": { + "self_ref": "#/furniture", + "children": [], + "content_layer": "furniture", + "name": "_root_", + "label": "unspecified" + }, + "body": { + "self_ref": "#/body", + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/0" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/1" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/2" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/3" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/4" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "_root_", + "label": "unspecified" + }, + "groups": [], + "texts": [ + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/0", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "This is a div with text.", + "text": "This is a div with text." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/1", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "This is another div with text.", + "text": "This is another div with text." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/2", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "This is a regular paragraph.", + "text": "This is a regular paragraph." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/3", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "This is a third div\nwith a new line.", + "text": "This is a third div\nwith a new line." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/4", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph.", + "text": "This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph." + } + ], + "pictures": [], + "tables": [], + "key_value_items": [], + "form_items": [], + "pages": {} +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.md b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed105e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/example_06.html.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +This is a div with text. + +This is another div with text. + +This is a regular paragraph. + +This is a third div +with a new line. + +This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt index 3ae39e8..4e22c09 100644 --- a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt +++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt @@ -1,474 +1,491 @@ item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_ - item-1 at level 1: list: group list - item-2 at level 2: list_item: Main page - item-3 at level 2: list_item: Contents - item-4 at level 2: list_item: Current events - item-5 at level 2: list_item: Random article - item-6 at level 2: list_item: About Wikipedia - item-7 at level 2: list_item: Contact us - item-8 at level 1: list: group list - item-9 at level 2: list_item: Help - item-10 at level 2: list_item: Learn to edit - item-11 at level 2: list_item: Community portal - item-12 at level 2: list_item: Recent changes - item-13 at level 2: list_item: Upload file - item-14 at level 1: picture - item-15 at level 1: picture - item-16 at level 1: picture - item-17 at level 1: list: group list - item-18 at level 1: list: group list - item-19 at level 2: list_item: Donate + item-1 at level 1: paragraph: Main menu + item-2 at level 1: paragraph: Navigation + item-3 at level 1: list: group list + item-4 at level 2: list_item: Main page + item-5 at level 2: list_item: Contents + item-6 at level 2: list_item: Current events + item-7 at level 2: list_item: Random article + item-8 at level 2: list_item: About Wikipedia + item-9 at level 2: list_item: Contact us + item-10 at level 1: paragraph: Contribute + item-11 at level 1: list: group list + item-12 at level 2: list_item: Help + item-13 at level 2: list_item: Learn to edit + item-14 at level 2: list_item: Community portal + item-15 at level 2: list_item: Recent changes + item-16 at level 2: list_item: Upload file + item-17 at level 1: picture + item-18 at level 1: picture + item-19 at level 1: picture item-20 at level 1: list: group list item-21 at level 1: list: group list - item-22 at level 2: list_item: Create account - item-23 at level 2: list_item: Log in + item-22 at level 2: list_item: Donate + item-23 at level 1: list: group list item-24 at level 1: list: group list item-25 at level 2: list_item: Create account item-26 at level 2: list_item: Log in item-27 at level 1: list: group list - item-28 at level 2: list_item: Contributions - item-29 at level 2: list_item: Talk - item-30 at level 1: section: group header-1 - item-31 at level 2: section_header: Contents - item-32 at level 3: list: group list - item-33 at level 4: list_item: (Top) - item-34 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology - item-35 at level 5: list: group list - item-36 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy - item-37 at level 5: list: group list - item-38 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology + item-28 at level 2: list_item: Create account + item-29 at level 2: list_item: Log in + item-30 at level 1: paragraph: Pages for logged out editors + item-31 at level 1: list: group list + item-32 at level 2: list_item: Contributions + item-33 at level 2: list_item: Talk + item-34 at level 1: section: group header-1 + item-35 at level 2: section_header: Contents + item-36 at level 3: list: group list + item-37 at level 4: list_item: (Top) + item-38 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology item-39 at level 5: list: group list - item-40 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat + item-40 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy item-41 at level 5: list: group list - item-42 at level 4: list_item: 5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection + item-42 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology item-43 at level 5: list: group list - item-44 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding - item-45 at level 7: list: group list - item-46 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding - item-47 at level 7: list: group list - item-48 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication + item-44 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat + item-45 at level 5: list: group list + item-46 at level 4: list_item: 5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection + item-47 at level 5: list: group list + item-48 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding item-49 at level 7: list: group list - item-50 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators + item-50 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding item-51 at level 7: list: group list - item-52 at level 4: list_item: 6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection - item-53 at level 5: list: group list - item-54 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting + item-52 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication + item-53 at level 7: list: group list + item-54 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators item-55 at level 7: list: group list - item-56 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication - item-57 at level 7: list: group list - item-58 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry + item-56 at level 4: list_item: 6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection + item-57 at level 5: list: group list + item-58 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting item-59 at level 7: list: group list - item-60 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references + item-60 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication item-61 at level 7: list: group list - item-62 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also - item-63 at level 5: list: group list - item-64 at level 4: list_item: 8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection - item-65 at level 5: list: group list - item-66 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations - item-67 at level 7: list: group list - item-68 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources - item-69 at level 7: list: group list - item-70 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links - item-71 at level 5: list: group list - item-72 at level 1: title: Duck - item-73 at level 2: list: group list - item-74 at level 3: list_item: Acèh - item-75 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans - item-76 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch - item-77 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ - item-78 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc - item-79 at level 3: list_item: العربية - item-80 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés - item-81 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ - item-82 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti - item-83 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu - item-84 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw - item-85 at level 3: list_item: Авар - item-86 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru - item-87 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه - item-88 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali - item-89 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা - item-90 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú - item-91 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская - item-92 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца) - item-93 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central - item-94 at level 3: list_item: Български - item-95 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg - item-96 at level 3: list_item: Буряад - item-97 at level 3: list_item: Català - item-98 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла - item-99 at level 3: list_item: Čeština - item-100 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona - item-101 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg - item-102 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli - item-103 at level 3: list_item: Dansk - item-104 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch - item-105 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch - item-106 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली - item-107 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά - item-108 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl - item-109 at level 3: list_item: Español - item-110 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto - item-111 at level 3: list_item: Euskara - item-112 at level 3: list_item: فارسی - item-113 at level 3: list_item: Français - item-114 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge - item-115 at level 3: list_item: Galego - item-116 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай - item-117 at level 3: list_item: 贛語 - item-118 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی - item-119 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 - item-120 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni - item-121 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî - item-122 at level 3: list_item: 한국어 - item-123 at level 3: list_item: Hausa - item-124 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն - item-125 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी - item-126 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski - item-127 at level 3: list_item: Ido - item-128 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia - item-129 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun - item-130 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska - item-131 at level 3: list_item: Italiano - item-132 at level 3: list_item: עברית - item-133 at level 3: list_item: Jawa - item-134 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ - item-135 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan - item-136 at level 3: list_item: ქართული - item-137 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر - item-138 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша - item-139 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi - item-140 at level 3: list_item: Kongo - item-141 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen - item-142 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары - item-143 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ - item-144 at level 3: list_item: Latina - item-145 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu - item-146 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių - item-147 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha - item-148 at level 3: list_item: Ligure - item-149 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs - item-150 at level 3: list_item: Lingála - item-151 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy - item-152 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം - item-153 at level 3: list_item: मराठी - item-154 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی - item-155 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu - item-156 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ - item-157 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ - item-158 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень - item-159 at level 3: list_item: Монгол - item-160 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ - item-161 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands - item-162 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies - item-163 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली - item-164 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा - item-165 at level 3: list_item: 日本語 - item-166 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн - item-167 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk - item-168 at level 3: list_item: Occitan - item-169 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo - item-170 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ - item-171 at level 3: list_item: Picard - item-172 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch - item-173 at level 3: list_item: Polski - item-174 at level 3: list_item: Português - item-175 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca - item-176 at level 3: list_item: Română - item-177 at level 3: list_item: Русский - item-178 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла - item-179 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ - item-180 at level 3: list_item: Sardu - item-181 at level 3: list_item: Scots - item-182 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk - item-183 at level 3: list_item: Shqip - item-184 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu - item-185 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල - item-186 at level 3: list_item: Simple English - item-187 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي - item-188 at level 3: list_item: کوردی - item-189 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski - item-190 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски - item-191 at level 3: list_item: Sunda - item-192 at level 3: list_item: Svenska - item-193 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog - item-194 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ் - item-195 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit - item-196 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça - item-197 at level 3: list_item: ไทย - item-198 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe - item-199 at level 3: list_item: Українська - item-200 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche - item-201 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh - item-202 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt - item-203 at level 3: list_item: Walon - item-204 at level 3: list_item: 文言 - item-205 at level 3: list_item: Winaray - item-206 at level 3: list_item: 吴语 - item-207 at level 3: list_item: 粵語 - item-208 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška - item-209 at level 3: list_item: 中文 - item-210 at level 2: list: group list - item-211 at level 3: list_item: Article - item-212 at level 3: list_item: Talk - item-213 at level 2: list: group list + item-62 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry + item-63 at level 7: list: group list + item-64 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references + item-65 at level 7: list: group list + item-66 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also + item-67 at level 5: list: group list + item-68 at level 4: list_item: 8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection + item-69 at level 5: list: group list + item-70 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations + item-71 at level 7: list: group list + item-72 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources + item-73 at level 7: list: group list + item-74 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links + item-75 at level 5: list: group list + item-76 at level 1: title: Duck + item-77 at level 2: list: group list + item-78 at level 3: list_item: Acèh + item-79 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans + item-80 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch + item-81 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ + item-82 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc + item-83 at level 3: list_item: العربية + item-84 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés + item-85 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ + item-86 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti + item-87 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu + item-88 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw + item-89 at level 3: list_item: Авар + item-90 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru + item-91 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه + item-92 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali + item-93 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা + item-94 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú + item-95 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская + item-96 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца) + item-97 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central + item-98 at level 3: list_item: Български + item-99 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg + item-100 at level 3: list_item: Буряад + item-101 at level 3: list_item: Català + item-102 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла + item-103 at level 3: list_item: Čeština + item-104 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona + item-105 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg + item-106 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli + item-107 at level 3: list_item: Dansk + item-108 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch + item-109 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch + item-110 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली + item-111 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά + item-112 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl + item-113 at level 3: list_item: Español + item-114 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto + item-115 at level 3: list_item: Euskara + item-116 at level 3: list_item: فارسی + item-117 at level 3: list_item: Français + item-118 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge + item-119 at level 3: list_item: Galego + item-120 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай + item-121 at level 3: list_item: 贛語 + item-122 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی + item-123 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 + item-124 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni + item-125 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî + item-126 at level 3: list_item: 한국어 + item-127 at level 3: list_item: Hausa + item-128 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն + item-129 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी + item-130 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski + item-131 at level 3: list_item: Ido + item-132 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia + item-133 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun + item-134 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska + item-135 at level 3: list_item: Italiano + item-136 at level 3: list_item: עברית + item-137 at level 3: list_item: Jawa + item-138 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ + item-139 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan + item-140 at level 3: list_item: ქართული + item-141 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر + item-142 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша + item-143 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi + item-144 at level 3: list_item: Kongo + item-145 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen + item-146 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары + item-147 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ + item-148 at level 3: list_item: Latina + item-149 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu + item-150 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių + item-151 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha + item-152 at level 3: list_item: Ligure + item-153 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs + item-154 at level 3: list_item: Lingála + item-155 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy + item-156 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം + item-157 at level 3: list_item: मराठी + item-158 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی + item-159 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu + item-160 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ + item-161 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ + item-162 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень + item-163 at level 3: list_item: Монгол + item-164 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ + item-165 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands + item-166 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies + item-167 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली + item-168 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा + item-169 at level 3: list_item: 日本語 + item-170 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн + item-171 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk + item-172 at level 3: list_item: Occitan + item-173 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo + item-174 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ + item-175 at level 3: list_item: Picard + item-176 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch + item-177 at level 3: list_item: Polski + item-178 at level 3: list_item: Português + item-179 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca + item-180 at level 3: list_item: Română + item-181 at level 3: list_item: Русский + item-182 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла + item-183 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ + item-184 at level 3: list_item: Sardu + item-185 at level 3: list_item: Scots + item-186 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk + item-187 at level 3: list_item: Shqip + item-188 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu + item-189 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල + item-190 at level 3: list_item: Simple English + item-191 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي + item-192 at level 3: list_item: کوردی + item-193 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski + item-194 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски + item-195 at level 3: list_item: Sunda + item-196 at level 3: list_item: Svenska + item-197 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog + item-198 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ் + item-199 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit + item-200 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça + item-201 at level 3: list_item: ไทย + item-202 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe + item-203 at level 3: list_item: Українська + item-204 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche + item-205 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh + item-206 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt + item-207 at level 3: list_item: Walon + item-208 at level 3: list_item: 文言 + item-209 at level 3: list_item: Winaray + item-210 at level 3: list_item: 吴语 + item-211 at level 3: list_item: 粵語 + item-212 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška + item-213 at level 3: list_item: 中文 item-214 at level 2: list: group list - item-215 at level 3: list_item: Read - item-216 at level 3: list_item: View source - item-217 at level 3: list_item: View history + item-215 at level 3: list_item: Article + item-216 at level 3: list_item: Talk + item-217 at level 2: list: group list item-218 at level 2: list: group list item-219 at level 3: list_item: Read item-220 at level 3: list_item: View source item-221 at level 3: list_item: View history - item-222 at level 2: list: group list - item-223 at level 3: list_item: What links here - item-224 at level 3: list_item: Related changes - item-225 at level 3: list_item: Upload file - item-226 at level 3: list_item: Special pages - item-227 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link - item-228 at level 3: list_item: Page information - item-229 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page - item-230 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL - item-231 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code - item-232 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item - item-233 at level 2: list: group list - item-234 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF - item-235 at level 3: list_item: Printable version - item-236 at level 2: list: group list - item-237 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons - item-238 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote - item-239 at level 2: picture - item-240 at level 2: table with [13x2] - item-241 at level 2: paragraph: Duck is the common name for nume ... und in both fresh water and sea water. - item-242 at level 2: paragraph: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... divers, grebes, gallinules and coots. - item-243 at level 2: section_header: Etymology - item-244 at level 3: paragraph: The word duck comes from Old Eng ... h duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'. - item-245 at level 3: picture - item-245 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck" - item-246 at level 3: paragraph: This word replaced Old English e ... nskrit ātí 'water bird', among others. - item-247 at level 3: paragraph: A duckling is a young duck in do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling. - item-248 at level 3: paragraph: A male is called a drake and the ... a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4] - item-249 at level 3: picture - item-249 at level 4: caption: Male mallard. - item-250 at level 3: picture - item-250 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks. - item-251 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy - item-252 at level 3: paragraph: All ducks belong to the biologic ... ationships between various species.[9] - item-253 at level 3: picture - item-253 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach - item-254 at level 3: paragraph: In most modern classifications, ... all size and stiff, upright tails.[14] - item-255 at level 3: paragraph: A number of other species called ... shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15] - item-256 at level 2: section_header: Morphology - item-257 at level 3: picture - item-257 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck - item-258 at level 3: paragraph: The overall body plan of ducks i ... is moult typically precedes migration. - item-259 at level 3: paragraph: The drakes of northern species o ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape. - item-260 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat - item-261 at level 3: picture - item-261 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina - item-262 at level 3: paragraph: Ducks have a cosmopolitan distri ... endemic to such far-flung islands.[21] + item-222 at level 2: paragraph: Tools + item-223 at level 2: paragraph: Actions + item-224 at level 2: list: group list + item-225 at level 3: list_item: Read + item-226 at level 3: list_item: View source + item-227 at level 3: list_item: View history + item-228 at level 2: paragraph: General + item-229 at level 2: list: group list + item-230 at level 3: list_item: What links here + item-231 at level 3: list_item: Related changes + item-232 at level 3: list_item: Upload file + item-233 at level 3: list_item: Special pages + item-234 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link + item-235 at level 3: list_item: Page information + item-236 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page + item-237 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL + item-238 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code + item-239 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item + item-240 at level 2: paragraph: Print/export + item-241 at level 2: list: group list + item-242 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF + item-243 at level 3: list_item: Printable version + item-244 at level 2: paragraph: In other projects + item-245 at level 2: list: group list + item-246 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons + item-247 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote + item-248 at level 2: paragraph: Appearance + item-249 at level 2: picture + item-250 at level 2: paragraph: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia + item-251 at level 2: paragraph: Common name for many species of bird + item-252 at level 2: paragraph: This article is about the bird. ... as a food, see . For other uses, see . + item-253 at level 2: paragraph: "Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see . + item-254 at level 2: table with [13x2] + item-255 at level 2: paragraph: Duck is the common name for nume ... und in both fresh water and sea water. + item-256 at level 2: paragraph: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... divers, grebes, gallinules and coots. + item-257 at level 2: section_header: Etymology + item-258 at level 3: paragraph: The word duck comes from Old Eng ... h duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'. + item-259 at level 3: picture + item-259 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck" + item-260 at level 3: paragraph: This word replaced Old English e ... nskrit ātí 'water bird', among others. + item-261 at level 3: paragraph: A duckling is a young duck in do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling. + item-262 at level 3: paragraph: A male is called a drake and the ... a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4] item-263 at level 3: picture - item-263 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England - item-264 at level 3: paragraph: Some duck species, mainly those ... t form after localised heavy rain.[23] - item-265 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour - item-266 at level 3: section_header: Feeding - item-267 at level 4: picture - item-267 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill - item-268 at level 4: picture - item-268 at level 5: caption: Mallard duckling preening - item-269 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks eat food sources such as g ... amphibians, worms, and small molluscs. - item-270 at level 4: paragraph: Dabbling ducks feed on the surfa ... thers and to hold slippery food items. - item-271 at level 4: paragraph: Diving ducks and sea ducks forag ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly. - item-272 at level 4: paragraph: A few specialized species such a ... apted to catch and swallow large fish. - item-273 at level 4: paragraph: The others have the characterist ... e nostrils come out through hard horn. - item-274 at level 4: paragraph: The Guardian published an articl ... the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25] - item-275 at level 3: section_header: Breeding - item-276 at level 4: picture - item-276 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling - item-277 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks generally only have one pa ... st and led her ducklings to water.[28] - item-278 at level 3: section_header: Communication - item-279 at level 4: paragraph: Female mallard ducks (as well as ... laying calls or quieter contact calls. - item-280 at level 4: paragraph: A common urban legend claims tha ... annel television show MythBusters.[32] - item-281 at level 3: section_header: Predators + item-263 at level 4: caption: Male mallard. + item-264 at level 3: picture + item-264 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks. + item-265 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy + item-266 at level 3: paragraph: All ducks belong to the biologic ... ationships between various species.[9] + item-267 at level 3: picture + item-267 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach + item-268 at level 3: paragraph: In most modern classifications, ... all size and stiff, upright tails.[14] + item-269 at level 3: paragraph: A number of other species called ... shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15] + item-270 at level 2: section_header: Morphology + item-271 at level 3: picture + item-271 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck + item-272 at level 3: paragraph: The overall body plan of ducks i ... is moult typically precedes migration. + item-273 at level 3: paragraph: The drakes of northern species o ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape. + item-274 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat + item-275 at level 3: picture + item-275 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina + item-276 at level 3: paragraph: Ducks have a cosmopolitan distri ... endemic to such far-flung islands.[21] + item-277 at level 3: picture + item-277 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England + item-278 at level 3: paragraph: Some duck species, mainly those ... t form after localised heavy rain.[23] + item-279 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour + item-280 at level 3: section_header: Feeding + item-281 at level 4: picture + item-281 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill item-282 at level 4: picture - item-282 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal - item-283 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... or large birds, such as hawks or owls. - item-284 at level 4: paragraph: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... its speed and strength to catch ducks. - item-285 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans - item-286 at level 3: section_header: Hunting - item-287 at level 4: paragraph: Humans have hunted ducks since p ... evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42] - item-288 at level 4: paragraph: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... inated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44] - item-289 at level 3: section_header: Domestication + item-282 at level 5: caption: Mallard duckling preening + item-283 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks eat food sources such as g ... amphibians, worms, and small molluscs. + item-284 at level 4: paragraph: Dabbling ducks feed on the surfa ... thers and to hold slippery food items. + item-285 at level 4: paragraph: Diving ducks and sea ducks forag ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly. + item-286 at level 4: paragraph: A few specialized species such a ... apted to catch and swallow large fish. + item-287 at level 4: paragraph: The others have the characterist ... e nostrils come out through hard horn. + item-288 at level 4: paragraph: The Guardian published an articl ... the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25] + item-289 at level 3: section_header: Breeding item-290 at level 4: picture - item-290 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks - item-291 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).[48] - item-292 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry - item-293 at level 4: picture - item-293 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49] - item-294 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks appear on several coats of ... the coat of arms of Föglö (Åland).[51] - item-295 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references - item-296 at level 4: paragraph: In 2002, psychologist Richard Wi ... 54] and was made into a movie in 1986. - item-297 at level 4: paragraph: The 1992 Disney film The Mighty ... Ducks minor league baseball team.[55] - item-298 at level 2: section_header: See also - item-299 at level 3: list: group list - item-300 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal - item-301 at level 3: list: group list - item-302 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck - item-303 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food - item-304 at level 4: list_item: Duck test - item-305 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds - item-306 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks - item-307 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck - item-308 at level 2: section_header: Notes - item-309 at level 3: section_header: Citations - item-310 at level 4: ordered_list: group ordered list - item-311 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". The American Herit ... n Company. 2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22. - item-312 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". Kernerman English ... Ltd. 2000–2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22. - item-313 at level 5: list_item: ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). ... University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139. - item-314 at level 5: list_item: ^ Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (20 ... Publishing Group. ISBN 9780823961566. - item-315 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d Carboneras 1992, p. 536. - item-316 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livezey 1986, pp. 737–738. - item-317 at level 5: list_item: ^ Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988, p. 452. - item-318 at level 5: list_item: ^ Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002, pp. 353–354. - item-319 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f Carboneras 1992, p. 540. - item-320 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 191. - item-321 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 448. - item-322 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 622–623. - item-323 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 686. - item-324 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 193. - item-325 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f g Carboneras 1992, p. 537. - item-326 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998, p. xix. - item-327 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998. - item-328 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carboneras 1992, p. 538. - item-329 at level 5: list_item: ^ Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 62. - item-330 at level 5: list_item: ^ Shirihai 2008, pp. 239, 245. - item-331 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987, pp. 98–107. - item-332 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, pp. 52–3. - item-333 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Pacific Black Duck". www.wiresnr.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27. - item-334 at level 5: list_item: ^ Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Ducks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02. - item-335 at level 5: list_item: ^ Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015) ... Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2016. - item-336 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mi ... 4615-6787-5_4. ISBN 978-1-4615-6789-9. - item-337 at level 5: list_item: ^ Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; ... 093/condor/102.1.201. hdl:10315/13797. - item-338 at level 5: list_item: ^ "If You Find An Orphaned Duckl ... l on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-12-22. - item-339 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carver, Heather (2011). The Du ...  9780557901562.[self-published source] - item-340 at level 5: list_item: ^ Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). Bir ... man & Littlefield. ISBN 9780762797707. - item-341 at level 5: list_item: ^ Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). " ... kers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02. - item-342 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Mythbusters Episode 8". 12 December 2003. - item-343 at level 5: list_item: ^ Erlandson 1994, p. 171. - item-344 at level 5: list_item: ^ Jeffries 2008, pp. 168, 243. - item-345 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Sued-Badillo 2003, p. 65. - item-346 at level 5: list_item: ^ Thorpe 1996, p. 68. - item-347 at level 5: list_item: ^ Maisels 1999, p. 42. - item-348 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rau 1876, p. 133. - item-349 at level 5: list_item: ^ Higman 2012, p. 23. - item-350 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 53. - item-351 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 52. - item-352 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fieldhouse 2002, p. 167. - item-353 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01) ... Editions, Limited. ISBN 9781853263774. - item-354 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Study plan for waterfowl inju ... on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 July 2019. - item-355 at level 5: list_item: ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-10-25. - item-356 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic ... . Digimorph.org. Retrieved 2012-12-23. - item-357 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sy Montgomery. "Mallard; Encyc ... Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23. - item-358 at level 5: list_item: ^ Glenday, Craig (2014). Guinnes ... ited. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9. - item-359 at level 5: list_item: ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in F ... tto. 1982. p. 147. ISBN 951-773-085-3. - item-360 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Lubānas simbolika" (in Latvian). Retrieved September 9, 2021. - item-361 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Föglö" (in Swedish). Retrieved September 9, 2021. - item-362 at level 5: list_item: ^ Young, Emma. "World's funniest ... w Scientist. Retrieved 7 January 2019. - item-363 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Howard the Duck (character)". Grand Comics Database. - item-364 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Lau ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck. - item-365 at level 5: list_item: ^ "The Duck". University of Oregon Athletics. Retrieved 2022-01-20. - item-366 at level 3: section_header: Sources - item-367 at level 4: list: group list - item-368 at level 5: list_item: American Ornithologists' Union ( ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. - item-369 at level 5: list_item: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8. - item-370 at level 5: list_item: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E ... ro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6. - item-371 at level 5: list_item: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... /S1055-7903(02)00019-2. PMID 12099792. - item-372 at level 5: list_item: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6250-4. - item-373 at level 5: list_item: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). Early ... usiness Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-3231-0. - item-374 at level 5: list_item: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). Food, F ... ara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4. - item-375 at level 5: list_item: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5. - item-376 at level 5: list_item: Higman, B. W. (2012). How Food M ... Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8947-7. - item-377 at level 5: list_item: Hume, Julian H. (2012). Extinct ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5. - item-378 at level 5: list_item: Jeffries, Richard (2008). Holoce ... Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1658-7. - item-379 at level 5: list_item: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861009-0. - item-380 at level 5: list_item: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 198 ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. - item-381 at level 5: list_item: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. - item-382 at level 5: list_item: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). E ... on: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10975-8. - item-383 at level 5: list_item: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phill ... University Press. ISBN 0-691-02399-9. - item-384 at level 5: list_item: Rau, Charles (1876). Early Man i ... ork: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 05040168. - item-385 at level 5: list_item: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). A Comp ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13666-0. - item-386 at level 5: list_item: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). Auto ... Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103832-7. - item-387 at level 5: list_item: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). The Origin ... rk: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08009-5. - item-388 at level 2: section_header: External links - item-389 at level 3: list: group list - item-390 at level 4: list_item: Definitions from Wiktionary - item-391 at level 4: list_item: Media from Commons - item-392 at level 4: list_item: Quotations from Wikiquote - item-393 at level 4: list_item: Recipes from Wikibooks - item-394 at level 4: list_item: Taxa from Wikispecies - item-395 at level 4: list_item: Data from Wikidata - item-396 at level 3: list: group list - item-397 at level 4: list_item: list of books (useful looking abstracts) - item-398 at level 4: list_item: Ducks on postage stamps Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine - item-399 at level 4: list_item: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hine ... uide to identification of US waterfowl - item-400 at level 3: table with [3x2] - item-401 at level 3: picture - item-402 at level 3: list: group list - item-403 at level 4: list_item: Ducks - item-404 at level 4: list_item: Game birds - item-405 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names - item-406 at level 3: list: group list - item-407 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes - item-408 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020 - item-409 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi) - item-410 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv) - item-411 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv) - item-412 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description - item-413 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata - item-414 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages - item-415 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages - item-416 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats - item-417 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text - item-418 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text - item-419 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text - item-420 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text - item-421 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text - item-422 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text - item-423 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources - item-424 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020 - item-425 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements - item-426 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022 - item-427 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value - item-428 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch - item-429 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata - item-430 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links - item-431 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links - item-432 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips - item-433 at level 3: list: group list - item-434 at level 4: list_item: This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 12:11 (UTC). - item-435 at level 4: list_item: Text is available under the Crea ... tion, Inc., a non-profit organization. - item-436 at level 3: list: group list - item-437 at level 4: list_item: Privacy policy - item-438 at level 4: list_item: About Wikipedia - item-439 at level 4: list_item: Disclaimers - item-440 at level 4: list_item: Contact Wikipedia - item-441 at level 4: list_item: Code of Conduct - item-442 at level 4: list_item: Developers - item-443 at level 4: list_item: Statistics - item-444 at level 4: list_item: Cookie statement - item-445 at level 4: list_item: Mobile view - item-446 at level 3: list: group list - item-447 at level 3: list: group list - item-448 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck" - item-449 at level 1: caption: Male mallard. - item-450 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks. - item-451 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach - item-452 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck - item-453 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina - item-454 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England - item-455 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill - item-456 at level 1: caption: Mallard duckling preening - item-457 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling - item-458 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal - item-459 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks - item-460 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49] \ No newline at end of file + item-290 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling + item-291 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks generally only have one pa ... st and led her ducklings to water.[28] + item-292 at level 3: section_header: Communication + item-293 at level 4: paragraph: Female mallard ducks (as well as ... laying calls or quieter contact calls. + item-294 at level 4: paragraph: A common urban legend claims tha ... annel television show MythBusters.[32] + item-295 at level 3: section_header: Predators + item-296 at level 4: picture + item-296 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal + item-297 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... or large birds, such as hawks or owls. + item-298 at level 4: paragraph: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... its speed and strength to catch ducks. + item-299 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans + item-300 at level 3: section_header: Hunting + item-301 at level 4: paragraph: Humans have hunted ducks since p ... evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42] + item-302 at level 4: paragraph: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... inated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44] + item-303 at level 3: section_header: Domestication + item-304 at level 4: picture + item-304 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks + item-305 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).[48] + item-306 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry + item-307 at level 4: picture + item-307 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49] + item-308 at level 4: paragraph: Ducks appear on several coats of ... the coat of arms of Föglö (Åland).[51] + item-309 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references + item-310 at level 4: paragraph: In 2002, psychologist Richard Wi ... 54] and was made into a movie in 1986. + item-311 at level 4: paragraph: The 1992 Disney film The Mighty ... Ducks minor league baseball team.[55] + item-312 at level 2: section_header: See also + item-313 at level 3: list: group list + item-314 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal + item-315 at level 3: list: group list + item-316 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck + item-317 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food + item-318 at level 4: list_item: Duck test + item-319 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds + item-320 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks + item-321 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck + item-322 at level 2: section_header: Notes + item-323 at level 3: section_header: Citations + item-324 at level 4: ordered_list: group ordered list + item-325 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". The American Herit ... n Company. 2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22. + item-326 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". Kernerman English ... Ltd. 2000–2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22. + item-327 at level 5: list_item: ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). ... University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139. + item-328 at level 5: list_item: ^ Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (20 ... Publishing Group. ISBN 9780823961566. + item-329 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d Carboneras 1992, p. 536. + item-330 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livezey 1986, pp. 737–738. + item-331 at level 5: list_item: ^ Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988, p. 452. + item-332 at level 5: list_item: ^ Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002, pp. 353–354. + item-333 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f Carboneras 1992, p. 540. + item-334 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 191. + item-335 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 448. + item-336 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 622–623. + item-337 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 686. + item-338 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 193. + item-339 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f g Carboneras 1992, p. 537. + item-340 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998, p. xix. + item-341 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998. + item-342 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carboneras 1992, p. 538. + item-343 at level 5: list_item: ^ Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 62. + item-344 at level 5: list_item: ^ Shirihai 2008, pp. 239, 245. + item-345 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987, pp. 98–107. + item-346 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, pp. 52–3. + item-347 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Pacific Black Duck". www.wiresnr.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27. + item-348 at level 5: list_item: ^ Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Ducks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02. + item-349 at level 5: list_item: ^ Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015) ... Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2016. + item-350 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mi ... 4615-6787-5_4. ISBN 978-1-4615-6789-9. + item-351 at level 5: list_item: ^ Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; ... 093/condor/102.1.201. hdl:10315/13797. + item-352 at level 5: list_item: ^ "If You Find An Orphaned Duckl ... l on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-12-22. + item-353 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carver, Heather (2011). The Du ...  9780557901562.[self-published source] + item-354 at level 5: list_item: ^ Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). Bir ... man & Littlefield. ISBN 9780762797707. + item-355 at level 5: list_item: ^ Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). " ... kers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02. + item-356 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Mythbusters Episode 8". 12 December 2003. + item-357 at level 5: list_item: ^ Erlandson 1994, p. 171. + item-358 at level 5: list_item: ^ Jeffries 2008, pp. 168, 243. + item-359 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Sued-Badillo 2003, p. 65. + item-360 at level 5: list_item: ^ Thorpe 1996, p. 68. + item-361 at level 5: list_item: ^ Maisels 1999, p. 42. + item-362 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rau 1876, p. 133. + item-363 at level 5: list_item: ^ Higman 2012, p. 23. + item-364 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 53. + item-365 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 52. + item-366 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fieldhouse 2002, p. 167. + item-367 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01) ... Editions, Limited. ISBN 9781853263774. + item-368 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Study plan for waterfowl inju ... on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 July 2019. + item-369 at level 5: list_item: ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-10-25. + item-370 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic ... . Digimorph.org. Retrieved 2012-12-23. + item-371 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sy Montgomery. "Mallard; Encyc ... Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23. + item-372 at level 5: list_item: ^ Glenday, Craig (2014). Guinnes ... ited. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9. + item-373 at level 5: list_item: ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in F ... tto. 1982. p. 147. ISBN 951-773-085-3. + item-374 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Lubānas simbolika" (in Latvian). Retrieved September 9, 2021. + item-375 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Föglö" (in Swedish). Retrieved September 9, 2021. + item-376 at level 5: list_item: ^ Young, Emma. "World's funniest ... w Scientist. Retrieved 7 January 2019. + item-377 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Howard the Duck (character)". Grand Comics Database. + item-378 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Lau ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck. + item-379 at level 5: list_item: ^ "The Duck". University of Oregon Athletics. Retrieved 2022-01-20. + item-380 at level 3: section_header: Sources + item-381 at level 4: list: group list + item-382 at level 5: list_item: American Ornithologists' Union ( ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. + item-383 at level 5: list_item: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8. + item-384 at level 5: list_item: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E ... ro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6. + item-385 at level 5: list_item: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... /S1055-7903(02)00019-2. PMID 12099792. + item-386 at level 5: list_item: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6250-4. + item-387 at level 5: list_item: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). Early ... usiness Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-3231-0. + item-388 at level 5: list_item: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). Food, F ... ara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4. + item-389 at level 5: list_item: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5. + item-390 at level 5: list_item: Higman, B. W. (2012). How Food M ... Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8947-7. + item-391 at level 5: list_item: Hume, Julian H. (2012). Extinct ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5. + item-392 at level 5: list_item: Jeffries, Richard (2008). Holoce ... Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1658-7. + item-393 at level 5: list_item: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861009-0. + item-394 at level 5: list_item: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 198 ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. + item-395 at level 5: list_item: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. + item-396 at level 5: list_item: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). E ... on: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10975-8. + item-397 at level 5: list_item: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phill ... University Press. ISBN 0-691-02399-9. + item-398 at level 5: list_item: Rau, Charles (1876). Early Man i ... ork: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 05040168. + item-399 at level 5: list_item: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). A Comp ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13666-0. + item-400 at level 5: list_item: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). Auto ... Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103832-7. + item-401 at level 5: list_item: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). The Origin ... rk: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08009-5. + item-402 at level 2: section_header: External links + item-403 at level 3: list: group list + item-404 at level 4: list_item: Definitions from Wiktionary + item-405 at level 4: list_item: Media from Commons + item-406 at level 4: list_item: Quotations from Wikiquote + item-407 at level 4: list_item: Recipes from Wikibooks + item-408 at level 4: list_item: Taxa from Wikispecies + item-409 at level 4: list_item: Data from Wikidata + item-410 at level 3: list: group list + item-411 at level 4: list_item: list of books (useful looking abstracts) + item-412 at level 4: list_item: Ducks on postage stamps Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine + item-413 at level 4: list_item: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hine ... uide to identification of US waterfowl + item-414 at level 3: table with [3x2] + item-415 at level 3: picture + item-416 at level 3: paragraph: Retrieved from "" + item-417 at level 3: paragraph: : + item-418 at level 3: list: group list + item-419 at level 4: list_item: Ducks + item-420 at level 4: list_item: Game birds + item-421 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names + item-422 at level 3: paragraph: Hidden categories: + item-423 at level 3: list: group list + item-424 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes + item-425 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020 + item-426 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi) + item-427 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv) + item-428 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv) + item-429 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description + item-430 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata + item-431 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages + item-432 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages + item-433 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats + item-434 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text + item-435 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text + item-436 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text + item-437 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text + item-438 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text + item-439 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text + item-440 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources + item-441 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020 + item-442 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements + item-443 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022 + item-444 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value + item-445 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch + item-446 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata + item-447 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links + item-448 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links + item-449 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips + item-450 at level 3: list: group list + item-451 at level 4: list_item: This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 12:11 (UTC). + item-452 at level 4: list_item: Text is available under the Crea ... tion, Inc., a non-profit organization. + item-453 at level 3: list: group list + item-454 at level 4: list_item: Privacy policy + item-455 at level 4: list_item: About Wikipedia + item-456 at level 4: list_item: Disclaimers + item-457 at level 4: list_item: Contact Wikipedia + item-458 at level 4: list_item: Code of Conduct + item-459 at level 4: list_item: Developers + item-460 at level 4: list_item: Statistics + item-461 at level 4: list_item: Cookie statement + item-462 at level 4: list_item: Mobile view + item-463 at level 3: list: group list + item-464 at level 3: list: group list + item-465 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck" + item-466 at level 1: caption: Male mallard. + item-467 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks. + item-468 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach + item-469 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck + item-470 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina + item-471 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England + item-472 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill + item-473 at level 1: caption: Mallard duckling preening + item-474 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling + item-475 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal + item-476 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks + item-477 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json index 4ac9359..3c61c1a 100644 --- a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json +++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json @@ -17,9 +17,18 @@ "body": { "self_ref": "#/body", "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/0" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/1" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/8" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/1" }, @@ -47,6 +56,9 @@ { "$ref": "#/groups/6" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/19" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/7" }, @@ -54,37 +66,31 @@ "$ref": "#/groups/8" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/202" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/206" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/207" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/210" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/214" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/218" + "$ref": "#/texts/216" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/220" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/221" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/224" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/225" + "$ref": "#/texts/228" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/233" + "$ref": "#/texts/232" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/234" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/238" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/239" @@ -93,7 +99,13 @@ "$ref": "#/texts/247" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/250" + "$ref": "#/texts/253" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/261" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/264" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -107,12 +119,6 @@ "$ref": "#/body" }, "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/0" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/1" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/2" }, @@ -124,6 +130,12 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/5" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/6" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/7" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -136,20 +148,20 @@ "$ref": "#/body" }, "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/6" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/7" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/8" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/9" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/10" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/11" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/12" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/13" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -173,7 +185,7 @@ }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/11" + "$ref": "#/texts/14" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -197,10 +209,10 @@ }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/12" + "$ref": "#/texts/15" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/13" + "$ref": "#/texts/16" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -214,10 +226,10 @@ }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/14" + "$ref": "#/texts/17" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/15" + "$ref": "#/texts/18" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -231,10 +243,10 @@ }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/16" + "$ref": "#/texts/20" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/17" + "$ref": "#/texts/21" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -248,7 +260,7 @@ }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/18" + "$ref": "#/texts/22" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -258,90 +270,15 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/9", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/18" + "$ref": "#/texts/22" }, "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/19" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/20" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/21" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/22" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/23" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/24" }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/29" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/34" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/35" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/38" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/10", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/20" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/11", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/21" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/12", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/22" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/13", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/23" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/14", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/24" - }, - "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/25" }, @@ -353,6 +290,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/28" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/33" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/38" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/39" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/42" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -360,7 +309,17 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/15", + "self_ref": "#/groups/10", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/24" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/11", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/25" }, @@ -370,7 +329,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/16", + "self_ref": "#/groups/12", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/26" }, @@ -380,7 +339,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/17", + "self_ref": "#/groups/13", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/27" }, @@ -390,21 +349,14 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/18", + "self_ref": "#/groups/14", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/28" }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/19", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/29" - }, "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/29" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/30" }, @@ -413,9 +365,6 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/32" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/33" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -423,7 +372,17 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/20", + "self_ref": "#/groups/15", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/29" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/16", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/30" }, @@ -433,7 +392,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/21", + "self_ref": "#/groups/17", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/31" }, @@ -443,7 +402,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/22", + "self_ref": "#/groups/18", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/32" }, @@ -453,31 +412,17 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/23", + "self_ref": "#/groups/19", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/33" }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/24", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/34" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/25", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/35" - }, "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/34" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/35" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/36" }, @@ -490,7 +435,27 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/26", + "self_ref": "#/groups/20", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/34" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/21", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/35" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/22", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/36" }, @@ -500,7 +465,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/27", + "self_ref": "#/groups/23", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/37" }, @@ -510,7 +475,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/28", + "self_ref": "#/groups/24", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/38" }, @@ -520,7 +485,7 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/29", + "self_ref": "#/groups/25", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/39" }, @@ -530,13 +495,48 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/41" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/42" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/43" - }, + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/26", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/40" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/27", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/41" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/28", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/42" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/29", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/44" }, @@ -932,6 +932,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/175" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/176" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/177" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/178" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/179" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -941,14 +953,14 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/30", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/176" + "$ref": "#/texts/180" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/177" + "$ref": "#/texts/181" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -958,7 +970,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/31", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -968,17 +980,17 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/32", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/178" + "$ref": "#/texts/182" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/179" + "$ref": "#/texts/183" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/180" + "$ref": "#/texts/184" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -988,17 +1000,17 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/33", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/181" + "$ref": "#/texts/187" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/182" + "$ref": "#/texts/188" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/183" + "$ref": "#/texts/189" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1008,30 +1020,9 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/34", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/184" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/185" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/186" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/187" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/188" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/189" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/190" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/191" }, @@ -1040,6 +1031,27 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/193" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/194" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/195" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/196" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/197" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/198" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/199" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/200" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1049,14 +1061,14 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/35", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/194" + "$ref": "#/texts/202" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/195" + "$ref": "#/texts/203" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1066,14 +1078,14 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/36", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/196" + "$ref": "#/texts/205" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/197" + "$ref": "#/texts/206" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1083,11 +1095,11 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/37", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/255" + "$ref": "#/texts/269" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/256" + "$ref": "#/texts/270" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1097,56 +1109,9 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/38", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/255" + "$ref": "#/texts/269" }, "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/257" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/258" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/259" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/260" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/261" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/262" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/39", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/264" - }, - "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/265" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/266" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/267" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/268" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/269" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/270" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/271" }, @@ -1164,13 +1129,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/276" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/277" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/278" - }, + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/39", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/278" + }, + "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/279" }, @@ -1293,18 +1263,10 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/319" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "ordered list", - "label": "ordered_list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/40", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/320" - }, - "children": [ + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/320" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/321" }, @@ -1343,10 +1305,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/333" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/334" - }, + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "ordered list", + "label": "ordered_list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/40", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/334" + }, + "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/335" }, @@ -1364,18 +1334,10 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/340" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/41", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" - }, - "children": [ + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/341" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/342" }, @@ -1393,18 +1355,7 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/347" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/42", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" - }, - "children": [ + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/348" }, @@ -1413,18 +1364,7 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/350" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/43", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" - }, - "children": [ + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/351" }, @@ -1433,6 +1373,9 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/353" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/354" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1440,17 +1383,11 @@ "label": "list" }, { - "self_ref": "#/groups/44", + "self_ref": "#/groups/41", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" + "$ref": "#/texts/355" }, "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/354" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/355" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/356" }, @@ -1468,7 +1405,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/361" - }, + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/42", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/362" }, @@ -1477,13 +1425,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/364" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/365" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/366" - }, + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/43", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/367" }, @@ -1492,10 +1445,18 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/369" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/370" - }, + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/44", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [ { "$ref": "#/texts/371" }, @@ -1522,35 +1483,13 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/379" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/45", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" - }, - "children": [ + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/380" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/381" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "name": "list", - "label": "list" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/groups/46", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" - }, - "children": [ + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/382" }, @@ -1577,6 +1516,79 @@ }, { "$ref": "#/texts/390" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/391" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/392" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/393" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/394" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/395" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/396" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/45", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/397" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/398" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "name": "list", + "label": "list" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/groups/46", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/399" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/400" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/401" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/402" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/403" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/404" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/405" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/406" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/407" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1586,7 +1598,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/47", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" + "$ref": "#/texts/355" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1596,7 +1608,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/groups/48", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" + "$ref": "#/texts/355" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -1607,6 +1619,30 @@ "texts": [ { "self_ref": "#/texts/0", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Main menu", + "text": "Main menu" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/1", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Navigation", + "text": "Navigation" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/2", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, @@ -1620,7 +1656,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/1", + "self_ref": "#/texts/3", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, @@ -1634,7 +1670,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/2", + "self_ref": "#/texts/4", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, @@ -1648,7 +1684,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/3", + "self_ref": "#/texts/5", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, @@ -1662,7 +1698,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/4", + "self_ref": "#/texts/6", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, @@ -1676,7 +1712,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/5", + "self_ref": "#/texts/7", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/0" }, @@ -1690,7 +1726,19 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/6", + "self_ref": "#/texts/8", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Contribute", + "text": "Contribute" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/9", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/1" }, @@ -1704,7 +1752,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/7", + "self_ref": "#/texts/10", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/1" }, @@ -1718,7 +1766,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/8", + "self_ref": "#/texts/11", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/1" }, @@ -1732,7 +1780,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/9", + "self_ref": "#/texts/12", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/1" }, @@ -1746,7 +1794,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/10", + "self_ref": "#/texts/13", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/1" }, @@ -1760,7 +1808,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/11", + "self_ref": "#/texts/14", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/3" }, @@ -1773,64 +1821,76 @@ "enumerated": false, "marker": "-" }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/12", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/5" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Create account", - "text": "Create account", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/13", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/5" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Log in", - "text": "Log in", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/14", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/6" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Create account", - "text": "Create account", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/15", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/6" + "$ref": "#/groups/5" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", "label": "list_item", "prov": [], - "orig": "Log in", - "text": "Log in", + "orig": "Create account", + "text": "Create account", "enumerated": false, "marker": "-" }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/16", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/5" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Log in", + "text": "Log in", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/17", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/6" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Create account", + "text": "Create account", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/18", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/6" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Log in", + "text": "Log in", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/19", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Pages for logged out editors", + "text": "Pages for logged out editors" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/20", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/7" }, @@ -1844,7 +1904,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/17", + "self_ref": "#/texts/21", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/7" }, @@ -1858,7 +1918,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/18", + "self_ref": "#/texts/22", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/8" }, @@ -1875,7 +1935,7 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/19", + "self_ref": "#/texts/23", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -1889,7 +1949,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/20", + "self_ref": "#/texts/24", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -1907,7 +1967,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/21", + "self_ref": "#/texts/25", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -1925,7 +1985,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/22", + "self_ref": "#/texts/26", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -1943,7 +2003,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/23", + "self_ref": "#/texts/27", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -1961,7 +2021,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/24", + "self_ref": "#/texts/28", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -1979,7 +2039,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/25", + "self_ref": "#/texts/29", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/14" }, @@ -1997,7 +2057,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/26", + "self_ref": "#/texts/30", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/14" }, @@ -2015,7 +2075,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/27", + "self_ref": "#/texts/31", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/14" }, @@ -2033,7 +2093,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/28", + "self_ref": "#/texts/32", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/14" }, @@ -2051,7 +2111,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/29", + "self_ref": "#/texts/33", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -2069,7 +2129,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/30", + "self_ref": "#/texts/34", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/19" }, @@ -2087,7 +2147,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/31", + "self_ref": "#/texts/35", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/19" }, @@ -2105,7 +2165,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/32", + "self_ref": "#/texts/36", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/19" }, @@ -2123,7 +2183,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/33", + "self_ref": "#/texts/37", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/19" }, @@ -2141,7 +2201,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/34", + "self_ref": "#/texts/38", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -2159,7 +2219,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/35", + "self_ref": "#/texts/39", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -2177,7 +2237,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/36", + "self_ref": "#/texts/40", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/25" }, @@ -2195,7 +2255,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/37", + "self_ref": "#/texts/41", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/25" }, @@ -2213,7 +2273,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/38", + "self_ref": "#/texts/42", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/9" }, @@ -2231,7 +2291,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/39", + "self_ref": "#/texts/43", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -2248,56 +2308,86 @@ { "$ref": "#/groups/32" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/185" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/186" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/33" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/190" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/201" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/35" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/204" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/36" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/207" + }, { "$ref": "#/pictures/3" }, - { - "$ref": "#/tables/0" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/198" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/199" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" - }, { "$ref": "#/texts/208" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/209" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/210" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/211" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/tables/0" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/212" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/213" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/217" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/222" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/242" + "$ref": "#/texts/227" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/255" + "$ref": "#/texts/231" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/263" + "$ref": "#/texts/236" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" + "$ref": "#/texts/256" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/269" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/277" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -2307,7 +2397,7 @@ "text": "Duck" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/40", + "self_ref": "#/texts/44", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2321,7 +2411,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/41", + "self_ref": "#/texts/45", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2335,7 +2425,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/42", + "self_ref": "#/texts/46", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2349,7 +2439,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/43", + "self_ref": "#/texts/47", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2363,7 +2453,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/44", + "self_ref": "#/texts/48", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2377,7 +2467,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/45", + "self_ref": "#/texts/49", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2391,7 +2481,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/46", + "self_ref": "#/texts/50", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2405,7 +2495,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/47", + "self_ref": "#/texts/51", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2419,7 +2509,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/48", + "self_ref": "#/texts/52", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2433,7 +2523,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/49", + "self_ref": "#/texts/53", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2447,7 +2537,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/50", + "self_ref": "#/texts/54", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2461,7 +2551,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/51", + "self_ref": "#/texts/55", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2475,7 +2565,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/52", + "self_ref": "#/texts/56", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2489,7 +2579,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/53", + "self_ref": "#/texts/57", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2503,7 +2593,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/54", + "self_ref": "#/texts/58", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2517,7 +2607,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/55", + "self_ref": "#/texts/59", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2531,7 +2621,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/56", + "self_ref": "#/texts/60", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2545,7 +2635,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/57", + "self_ref": "#/texts/61", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2559,7 +2649,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/58", + "self_ref": "#/texts/62", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2573,7 +2663,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/59", + "self_ref": "#/texts/63", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2587,7 +2677,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/60", + "self_ref": "#/texts/64", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2601,7 +2691,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/61", + "self_ref": "#/texts/65", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2615,7 +2705,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/62", + "self_ref": "#/texts/66", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2629,7 +2719,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/63", + "self_ref": "#/texts/67", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2643,7 +2733,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/64", + "self_ref": "#/texts/68", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2657,7 +2747,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/65", + "self_ref": "#/texts/69", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2671,7 +2761,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/66", + "self_ref": "#/texts/70", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2685,7 +2775,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/67", + "self_ref": "#/texts/71", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2699,7 +2789,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/68", + "self_ref": "#/texts/72", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2713,7 +2803,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/69", + "self_ref": "#/texts/73", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2727,7 +2817,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/70", + "self_ref": "#/texts/74", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2741,7 +2831,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/71", + "self_ref": "#/texts/75", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2755,7 +2845,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/72", + "self_ref": "#/texts/76", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2769,7 +2859,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/73", + "self_ref": "#/texts/77", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2783,7 +2873,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/74", + "self_ref": "#/texts/78", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2797,7 +2887,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/75", + "self_ref": "#/texts/79", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2811,7 +2901,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/76", + "self_ref": "#/texts/80", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2825,7 +2915,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/77", + "self_ref": "#/texts/81", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2839,7 +2929,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/78", + "self_ref": "#/texts/82", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2853,7 +2943,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/79", + "self_ref": "#/texts/83", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2867,7 +2957,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/80", + "self_ref": "#/texts/84", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2881,7 +2971,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/81", + "self_ref": "#/texts/85", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2895,7 +2985,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/82", + "self_ref": "#/texts/86", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2909,7 +2999,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/83", + "self_ref": "#/texts/87", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2923,7 +3013,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/84", + "self_ref": "#/texts/88", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2937,7 +3027,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/85", + "self_ref": "#/texts/89", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2951,7 +3041,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/86", + "self_ref": "#/texts/90", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2965,7 +3055,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/87", + "self_ref": "#/texts/91", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2979,7 +3069,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/88", + "self_ref": "#/texts/92", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -2993,7 +3083,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/89", + "self_ref": "#/texts/93", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3007,7 +3097,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/90", + "self_ref": "#/texts/94", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3021,7 +3111,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/91", + "self_ref": "#/texts/95", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3035,7 +3125,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/92", + "self_ref": "#/texts/96", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3049,7 +3139,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/93", + "self_ref": "#/texts/97", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3063,7 +3153,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/94", + "self_ref": "#/texts/98", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3077,7 +3167,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/95", + "self_ref": "#/texts/99", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3091,7 +3181,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/96", + "self_ref": "#/texts/100", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3105,7 +3195,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/97", + "self_ref": "#/texts/101", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3119,7 +3209,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/98", + "self_ref": "#/texts/102", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3133,7 +3223,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/99", + "self_ref": "#/texts/103", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3147,7 +3237,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/100", + "self_ref": "#/texts/104", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3161,7 +3251,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/101", + "self_ref": "#/texts/105", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3175,7 +3265,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/102", + "self_ref": "#/texts/106", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3189,7 +3279,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/103", + "self_ref": "#/texts/107", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3203,7 +3293,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/104", + "self_ref": "#/texts/108", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3217,7 +3307,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/105", + "self_ref": "#/texts/109", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3231,7 +3321,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/106", + "self_ref": "#/texts/110", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3245,7 +3335,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/107", + "self_ref": "#/texts/111", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3259,7 +3349,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/108", + "self_ref": "#/texts/112", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3273,7 +3363,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/109", + "self_ref": "#/texts/113", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3287,7 +3377,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/110", + "self_ref": "#/texts/114", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3301,7 +3391,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/111", + "self_ref": "#/texts/115", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3315,7 +3405,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/112", + "self_ref": "#/texts/116", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3329,7 +3419,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/113", + "self_ref": "#/texts/117", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3343,7 +3433,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/114", + "self_ref": "#/texts/118", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3357,7 +3447,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/115", + "self_ref": "#/texts/119", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3371,7 +3461,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/116", + "self_ref": "#/texts/120", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3385,7 +3475,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/117", + "self_ref": "#/texts/121", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3399,7 +3489,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/118", + "self_ref": "#/texts/122", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3413,7 +3503,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/119", + "self_ref": "#/texts/123", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3427,7 +3517,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/120", + "self_ref": "#/texts/124", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3441,7 +3531,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/121", + "self_ref": "#/texts/125", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3455,7 +3545,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/122", + "self_ref": "#/texts/126", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3469,7 +3559,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/123", + "self_ref": "#/texts/127", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3483,7 +3573,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/124", + "self_ref": "#/texts/128", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3497,7 +3587,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/125", + "self_ref": "#/texts/129", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3511,7 +3601,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/126", + "self_ref": "#/texts/130", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3525,7 +3615,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/127", + "self_ref": "#/texts/131", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3539,7 +3629,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/128", + "self_ref": "#/texts/132", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3553,7 +3643,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/129", + "self_ref": "#/texts/133", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3567,7 +3657,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/130", + "self_ref": "#/texts/134", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3581,7 +3671,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/131", + "self_ref": "#/texts/135", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3595,7 +3685,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/132", + "self_ref": "#/texts/136", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3609,7 +3699,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/133", + "self_ref": "#/texts/137", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3623,7 +3713,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/134", + "self_ref": "#/texts/138", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3637,7 +3727,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/135", + "self_ref": "#/texts/139", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3651,7 +3741,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/136", + "self_ref": "#/texts/140", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3665,7 +3755,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/137", + "self_ref": "#/texts/141", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3679,7 +3769,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/138", + "self_ref": "#/texts/142", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3693,7 +3783,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/139", + "self_ref": "#/texts/143", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3707,7 +3797,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/140", + "self_ref": "#/texts/144", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3721,7 +3811,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/141", + "self_ref": "#/texts/145", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3735,7 +3825,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/142", + "self_ref": "#/texts/146", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3749,7 +3839,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/143", + "self_ref": "#/texts/147", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3763,7 +3853,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/144", + "self_ref": "#/texts/148", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3777,7 +3867,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/145", + "self_ref": "#/texts/149", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3791,7 +3881,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/146", + "self_ref": "#/texts/150", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3805,7 +3895,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/147", + "self_ref": "#/texts/151", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3819,7 +3909,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/148", + "self_ref": "#/texts/152", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3833,7 +3923,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/149", + "self_ref": "#/texts/153", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3847,7 +3937,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/150", + "self_ref": "#/texts/154", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3861,7 +3951,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/151", + "self_ref": "#/texts/155", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3875,7 +3965,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/152", + "self_ref": "#/texts/156", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3889,7 +3979,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/153", + "self_ref": "#/texts/157", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3903,7 +3993,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/154", + "self_ref": "#/texts/158", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3917,7 +4007,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/155", + "self_ref": "#/texts/159", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3931,7 +4021,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/156", + "self_ref": "#/texts/160", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3945,7 +4035,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/157", + "self_ref": "#/texts/161", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3959,7 +4049,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/158", + "self_ref": "#/texts/162", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3973,7 +4063,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/159", + "self_ref": "#/texts/163", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -3987,7 +4077,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/160", + "self_ref": "#/texts/164", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4001,7 +4091,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/161", + "self_ref": "#/texts/165", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4015,7 +4105,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/162", + "self_ref": "#/texts/166", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4029,7 +4119,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/163", + "self_ref": "#/texts/167", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4043,7 +4133,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/164", + "self_ref": "#/texts/168", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4057,7 +4147,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/165", + "self_ref": "#/texts/169", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4071,7 +4161,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/166", + "self_ref": "#/texts/170", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4085,7 +4175,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/167", + "self_ref": "#/texts/171", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4099,7 +4189,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/168", + "self_ref": "#/texts/172", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4113,7 +4203,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/169", + "self_ref": "#/texts/173", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4127,7 +4217,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/170", + "self_ref": "#/texts/174", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4141,7 +4231,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/171", + "self_ref": "#/texts/175", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4155,7 +4245,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/172", + "self_ref": "#/texts/176", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4169,7 +4259,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/173", + "self_ref": "#/texts/177", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4183,7 +4273,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/174", + "self_ref": "#/texts/178", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4197,7 +4287,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/175", + "self_ref": "#/texts/179", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/29" }, @@ -4211,7 +4301,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/176", + "self_ref": "#/texts/180", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/30" }, @@ -4225,7 +4315,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/177", + "self_ref": "#/texts/181", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/30" }, @@ -4238,78 +4328,102 @@ "enumerated": false, "marker": "-" }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/178", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/32" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Read", - "text": "Read", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/179", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/32" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "View source", - "text": "View source", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/180", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/32" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "View history", - "text": "View history", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/181", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/33" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "list_item", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Read", - "text": "Read", - "enumerated": false, - "marker": "-" - }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/182", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/groups/33" + "$ref": "#/groups/32" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", "label": "list_item", "prov": [], - "orig": "View source", - "text": "View source", + "orig": "Read", + "text": "Read", "enumerated": false, "marker": "-" }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/183", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/32" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "View source", + "text": "View source", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/184", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/32" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "View history", + "text": "View history", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/185", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Tools", + "text": "Tools" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/186", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Actions", + "text": "Actions" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/187", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/33" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Read", + "text": "Read", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/188", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/groups/33" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "list_item", + "prov": [], + "orig": "View source", + "text": "View source", + "enumerated": false, + "marker": "-" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/189", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/33" }, @@ -4323,7 +4437,19 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/184", + "self_ref": "#/texts/190", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "General", + "text": "General" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/191", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4337,7 +4463,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/185", + "self_ref": "#/texts/192", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4351,7 +4477,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/186", + "self_ref": "#/texts/193", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4365,7 +4491,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/187", + "self_ref": "#/texts/194", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4379,7 +4505,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/188", + "self_ref": "#/texts/195", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4393,7 +4519,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/189", + "self_ref": "#/texts/196", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4407,7 +4533,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/190", + "self_ref": "#/texts/197", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4421,7 +4547,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/191", + "self_ref": "#/texts/198", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4435,7 +4561,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/192", + "self_ref": "#/texts/199", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4449,7 +4575,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/193", + "self_ref": "#/texts/200", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/34" }, @@ -4463,7 +4589,19 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/194", + "self_ref": "#/texts/201", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Print/export", + "text": "Print/export" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/202", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/35" }, @@ -4477,7 +4615,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/195", + "self_ref": "#/texts/203", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/35" }, @@ -4491,7 +4629,19 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/196", + "self_ref": "#/texts/204", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "In other projects", + "text": "In other projects" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/205", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/36" }, @@ -4505,7 +4655,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/197", + "self_ref": "#/texts/206", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/36" }, @@ -4519,9 +4669,69 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/198", + "self_ref": "#/texts/207", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Appearance", + "text": "Appearance" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/208", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia", + "text": "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/209", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Common name for many species of bird", + "text": "Common name for many species of bird" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/210", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "This article is about the bird. For duck as a food, see . For other uses, see .", + "text": "This article is about the bird. For duck as a food, see . For other uses, see ." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/211", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "\"Duckling\" redirects here. For other uses, see .", + "text": "\"Duckling\" redirects here. For other uses, see ." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/212", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4531,9 +4741,9 @@ "text": "Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form taxon; they do not represent a monophyletic group (the group of all descendants of a single common ancestral species), since swans and geese are not considered ducks. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds, and may be found in both fresh water and sea water." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/199", + "self_ref": "#/texts/213", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4543,25 +4753,25 @@ "text": "Ducks are sometimes confused with several types of unrelated water birds with similar forms, such as loons or divers, grebes, gallinules and coots." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/200", + "self_ref": "#/texts/214", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/201" + "$ref": "#/texts/215" }, { "$ref": "#/pictures/4" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/203" + "$ref": "#/texts/217" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/204" + "$ref": "#/texts/218" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/205" + "$ref": "#/texts/219" }, { "$ref": "#/pictures/5" @@ -4578,9 +4788,9 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/201", + "self_ref": "#/texts/215", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4590,7 +4800,7 @@ "text": "The word duck comes from Old English d\u016bce 'diver', a derivative of the verb *d\u016bcan 'to duck, bend down low as if to get under something, or dive', because of the way many species in the dabbling duck group feed by upending; compare with Dutch duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/202", + "self_ref": "#/texts/216", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4602,9 +4812,9 @@ "text": "Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending \"duck\"" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/203", + "self_ref": "#/texts/217", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4614,9 +4824,9 @@ "text": "This word replaced Old English ened /\u00e6nid 'duck', possibly to avoid confusion with other words, such as ende 'end' with similar forms. Other Germanic languages still have similar words for duck, for example, Dutch eend, German Ente and Norwegian and. The word ened /\u00e6nid was inherited from Proto-Indo-European; cf. Latin anas \"duck\", Lithuanian \u00e1ntis 'duck', Ancient Greek \u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 /\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1 (n\u0113ssa /n\u0113tta) 'duck', and Sanskrit \u0101t\u00ed 'water bird', among others." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/204", + "self_ref": "#/texts/218", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4626,9 +4836,9 @@ "text": "A duckling is a young duck in downy plumage[1] or baby duck,[2] but in the food trade a young domestic duck which has just reached adult size and bulk and its meat is still fully tender, is sometimes labelled as a duckling." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/205", + "self_ref": "#/texts/219", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4638,7 +4848,7 @@ "text": "A male is called a drake and the female is called a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/206", + "self_ref": "#/texts/220", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4650,7 +4860,7 @@ "text": "Male mallard." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/207", + "self_ref": "#/texts/221", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4662,22 +4872,22 @@ "text": "Wood ducks." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/208", + "self_ref": "#/texts/222", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/209" + "$ref": "#/texts/223" }, { "$ref": "#/pictures/7" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/211" + "$ref": "#/texts/225" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/212" + "$ref": "#/texts/226" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4688,9 +4898,9 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/209", + "self_ref": "#/texts/223", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/208" + "$ref": "#/texts/222" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4700,7 +4910,7 @@ "text": "All ducks belong to the biological order Anseriformes, a group that contains the ducks, geese and swans, as well as the screamers, and the magpie goose.[5] All except the screamers belong to the biological family Anatidae.[5] Within the family, ducks are split into a variety of subfamilies and 'tribes'. The number and composition of these subfamilies and tribes is the cause of considerable disagreement among taxonomists.[5] Some base their decisions on morphological characteristics, others on shared behaviours or genetic studies.[6][7] The number of suggested subfamilies containing ducks ranges from two to five.[8][9] The significant level of hybridisation that occurs among wild ducks complicates efforts to tease apart the relationships between various species.[9]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/210", + "self_ref": "#/texts/224", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4712,9 +4922,9 @@ "text": "Mallard landing in approach" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/211", + "self_ref": "#/texts/225", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/208" + "$ref": "#/texts/222" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4724,9 +4934,9 @@ "text": "In most modern classifications, the so-called 'true ducks' belong to the subfamily Anatinae, which is further split into a varying number of tribes.[10] The largest of these, the Anatini, contains the 'dabbling' or 'river' ducks \u2013 named for their method of feeding primarily at the surface of fresh water.[11] The 'diving ducks', also named for their primary feeding method, make up the tribe Aythyini.[12] The 'sea ducks' of the tribe Mergini are diving ducks which specialise on fish and shellfish and spend a majority of their lives in saltwater.[13] The tribe Oxyurini contains the 'stifftails', diving ducks notable for their small size and stiff, upright tails.[14]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/212", + "self_ref": "#/texts/226", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/208" + "$ref": "#/texts/222" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4736,19 +4946,19 @@ "text": "A number of other species called ducks are not considered to be 'true ducks', and are typically placed in other subfamilies or tribes. The whistling ducks are assigned either to a tribe (Dendrocygnini) in the subfamily Anatinae or the subfamily Anserinae,[15] or to their own subfamily (Dendrocygninae) or family (Dendrocyganidae).[9][16] The freckled duck of Australia is either the sole member of the tribe Stictonettini in the subfamily Anserinae,[15] or in its own family, the Stictonettinae.[9] The shelducks make up the tribe Tadornini in the family Anserinae in some classifications,[15] and their own subfamily, Tadorninae, in others,[17] while the steamer ducks are either placed in the family Anserinae in the tribe Tachyerini[15] or lumped with the shelducks in the tribe Tadorini.[9] The perching ducks make up in the tribe Cairinini in the subfamily Anserinae in some classifications, while that tribe is eliminated in other classifications and its members assigned to the tribe Anatini.[9] The torrent duck is generally included in the subfamily Anserinae in the monotypic tribe Merganettini,[15] but is sometimes included in the tribe Tadornini.[18] The pink-eared duck is sometimes included as a true duck either in the tribe Anatini[15] or the tribe Malacorhynchini,[19] and other times is included with the shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/213", + "self_ref": "#/texts/227", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { "$ref": "#/pictures/8" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/215" + "$ref": "#/texts/229" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/216" + "$ref": "#/texts/230" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4759,7 +4969,7 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/214", + "self_ref": "#/texts/228", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4771,9 +4981,9 @@ "text": "Male Mandarin duck" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/215", + "self_ref": "#/texts/229", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/213" + "$ref": "#/texts/227" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4783,9 +4993,9 @@ "text": "The overall body plan of ducks is elongated and broad, and they are also relatively long-necked, albeit not as long-necked as the geese and swans. The body shape of diving ducks varies somewhat from this in being more rounded. The bill is usually broad and contains serrated pectens, which are particularly well defined in the filter-feeding species. In the case of some fishing species the bill is long and strongly serrated. The scaled legs are strong and well developed, and generally set far back on the body, more so in the highly aquatic species. The wings are very strong and are generally short and pointed, and the flight of ducks requires fast continuous strokes, requiring in turn strong wing muscles. Three species of steamer duck are almost flightless, however. Many species of duck are temporarily flightless while moulting; they seek out protected habitat with good food supplies during this period. This moult typically precedes migration." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/216", + "self_ref": "#/texts/230", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/213" + "$ref": "#/texts/227" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4795,22 +5005,22 @@ "text": "The drakes of northern species often have extravagant plumage, but that is moulted in summer to give a more female-like appearance, the \"eclipse\" plumage. Southern resident species typically show less sexual dimorphism, although there are exceptions such as the paradise shelduck of New Zealand, which is both strikingly sexually dimorphic and in which the female's plumage is brighter than that of the male. The plumage of juvenile birds generally resembles that of the female. Female ducks have evolved to have a corkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/217", + "self_ref": "#/texts/231", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { "$ref": "#/pictures/9" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/219" + "$ref": "#/texts/233" }, { "$ref": "#/pictures/10" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/221" + "$ref": "#/texts/235" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4821,7 +5031,7 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/218", + "self_ref": "#/texts/232", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4833,9 +5043,9 @@ "text": "Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/219", + "self_ref": "#/texts/233", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/217" + "$ref": "#/texts/231" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4845,7 +5055,7 @@ "text": "Ducks have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found on every continent except Antarctica.[5] Several species manage to live on subantarctic islands, including South Georgia and the Auckland Islands.[20] Ducks have reached a number of isolated oceanic islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, Micronesia and the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, where they are often vagrants and less often residents.[21][22] A handful are endemic to such far-flung islands.[21]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/220", + "self_ref": "#/texts/234", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -4857,9 +5067,9 @@ "text": "Female mallard in Cornwall, England" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/221", + "self_ref": "#/texts/235", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/217" + "$ref": "#/texts/231" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -4868,321 +5078,14 @@ "orig": "Some duck species, mainly those breeding in the temperate and Arctic Northern Hemisphere, are migratory; those in the tropics are generally not. Some ducks, particularly in Australia where rainfall is erratic, are nomadic, seeking out the temporary lakes and pools that form after localised heavy rain.[23]", "text": "Some duck species, mainly those breeding in the temperate and Arctic Northern Hemisphere, are migratory; those in the tropics are generally not. Some ducks, particularly in Australia where rainfall is erratic, are nomadic, seeking out the temporary lakes and pools that form after localised heavy rain.[23]" }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/222", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" - }, - "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/232" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/235" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/238" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "section_header", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Behaviour", - "text": "Behaviour", - "level": 2 - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/223", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/222" - }, - "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/pictures/11" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/pictures/12" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/226" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/227" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/228" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/229" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/230" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/231" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "section_header", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Feeding", - "text": "Feeding", - "level": 3 - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/224", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/body" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "caption", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Pecten along the bill", - "text": "Pecten along the bill" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/225", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/body" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "caption", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Mallard duckling preening", - "text": "Mallard duckling preening" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/226", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Ducks eat food sources such as grasses, aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small molluscs.", - "text": "Ducks eat food sources such as grasses, aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small molluscs." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/227", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Dabbling ducks feed on the surface of water or on land, or as deep as they can reach by up-ending without completely submerging.[24] Along the edge of the bill, there is a comb-like structure called a pecten. This strains the water squirting from the side of the bill and traps any food. The pecten is also used to preen feathers and to hold slippery food items.", - "text": "Dabbling ducks feed on the surface of water or on land, or as deep as they can reach by up-ending without completely submerging.[24] Along the edge of the bill, there is a comb-like structure called a pecten. This strains the water squirting from the side of the bill and traps any food. The pecten is also used to preen feathers and to hold slippery food items." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/228", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Diving ducks and sea ducks forage deep underwater. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving ducks are heavier than dabbling ducks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly.", - "text": "Diving ducks and sea ducks forage deep underwater. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving ducks are heavier than dabbling ducks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/229", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "A few specialized species such as the mergansers are adapted to catch and swallow large fish.", - "text": "A few specialized species such as the mergansers are adapted to catch and swallow large fish." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/230", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "The others have the characteristic wide flat bill adapted to dredging-type jobs such as pulling up waterweed, pulling worms and small molluscs out of mud, searching for insect larvae, and bulk jobs such as dredging out, holding, turning head first, and swallowing a squirming frog. To avoid injury when digging into sediment it has no cere, but the nostrils come out through hard horn.", - "text": "The others have the characteristic wide flat bill adapted to dredging-type jobs such as pulling up waterweed, pulling worms and small molluscs out of mud, searching for insect larvae, and bulk jobs such as dredging out, holding, turning head first, and swallowing a squirming frog. To avoid injury when digging into sediment it has no cere, but the nostrils come out through hard horn." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/231", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "The Guardian published an article advising that ducks should not be fed with bread because it damages the health of the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]", - "text": "The Guardian published an article advising that ducks should not be fed with bread because it damages the health of the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/232", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/222" - }, - "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/pictures/13" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/234" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "section_header", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Breeding", - "text": "Breeding", - "level": 3 - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/233", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/body" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "caption", - "prov": [], - "orig": "A Muscovy duckling", - "text": "A Muscovy duckling" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/234", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/232" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Ducks generally only have one partner at a time, although the partnership usually only lasts one year.[26] Larger species and the more sedentary species (like fast-river specialists) tend to have pair-bonds that last numerous years.[27] Most duck species breed once a year, choosing to do so in favourable conditions (spring/summer or wet seasons). Ducks also tend to make a nest before breeding, and, after hatching, lead their ducklings to water. Mother ducks are very caring and protective of their young, but may abandon some of their ducklings if they are physically stuck in an area they cannot get out of (such as nesting in an enclosed courtyard) or are not prospering due to genetic defects or sickness brought about by hypothermia, starvation, or disease. Ducklings can also be orphaned by inconsistent late hatching where a few eggs hatch after the mother has abandoned the nest and led her ducklings to water.[28]", - "text": "Ducks generally only have one partner at a time, although the partnership usually only lasts one year.[26] Larger species and the more sedentary species (like fast-river specialists) tend to have pair-bonds that last numerous years.[27] Most duck species breed once a year, choosing to do so in favourable conditions (spring/summer or wet seasons). Ducks also tend to make a nest before breeding, and, after hatching, lead their ducklings to water. Mother ducks are very caring and protective of their young, but may abandon some of their ducklings if they are physically stuck in an area they cannot get out of (such as nesting in an enclosed courtyard) or are not prospering due to genetic defects or sickness brought about by hypothermia, starvation, or disease. Ducklings can also be orphaned by inconsistent late hatching where a few eggs hatch after the mother has abandoned the nest and led her ducklings to water.[28]" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/235", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/222" - }, - "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/236" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/237" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "section_header", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Communication", - "text": "Communication", - "level": 3 - }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/236", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/235" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Female mallard ducks (as well as several other species in the genus Anas, such as the American and Pacific black ducks, spot-billed duck, northern pintail and common teal) make the classic \"quack\" sound while males make a similar but raspier sound that is sometimes written as \"breeeeze\",[29][self-published source?] but, despite widespread misconceptions, most species of duck do not \"quack\".[30] In general, ducks make a range of calls, including whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts. For example, the scaup \u2013 which are diving ducks \u2013 make a noise like \"scaup\" (hence their name). Calls may be loud displaying calls or quieter contact calls.", - "text": "Female mallard ducks (as well as several other species in the genus Anas, such as the American and Pacific black ducks, spot-billed duck, northern pintail and common teal) make the classic \"quack\" sound while males make a similar but raspier sound that is sometimes written as \"breeeeze\",[29][self-published source?] but, despite widespread misconceptions, most species of duck do not \"quack\".[30] In general, ducks make a range of calls, including whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts. For example, the scaup \u2013 which are diving ducks \u2013 make a noise like \"scaup\" (hence their name). Calls may be loud displaying calls or quieter contact calls." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/237", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/235" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "A common urban legend claims that duck quacks do not echo; however, this has been proven to be false. This myth was first debunked by the Acoustics Research Centre at the University of Salford in 2003 as part of the British Association's Festival of Science.[31] It was also debunked in one of the earlier episodes of the popular Discovery Channel television show MythBusters.[32]", - "text": "A common urban legend claims that duck quacks do not echo; however, this has been proven to be false. This myth was first debunked by the Acoustics Research Centre at the University of Salford in 2003 as part of the British Association's Festival of Science.[31] It was also debunked in one of the earlier episodes of the popular Discovery Channel television show MythBusters.[32]" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/238", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/222" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/pictures/14" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/240" - }, - { - "$ref": "#/texts/241" - } - ], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "section_header", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Predators", - "text": "Predators", - "level": 3 - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/239", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/body" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "caption", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Ringed teal", - "text": "Ringed teal" - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/240", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/238" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Ducks have many predators. Ducklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for predatory birds but also for large fish like pike, crocodilians, predatory testudines such as the alligator snapping turtle, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as herons. Ducks' nests are raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may be caught unaware on the nest by mammals, such as foxes, or large birds, such as hawks or owls.", - "text": "Ducks have many predators. Ducklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for predatory birds but also for large fish like pike, crocodilians, predatory testudines such as the alligator snapping turtle, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as herons. Ducks' nests are raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may be caught unaware on the nest by mammals, such as foxes, or large birds, such as hawks or owls." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/241", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/238" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "paragraph", - "prov": [], - "orig": "Adult ducks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators including big fish such as the North American muskie and the European pike. In flight, ducks are safe from all but a few predators such as humans and the peregrine falcon, which uses its speed and strength to catch ducks.", - "text": "Adult ducks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators including big fish such as the North American muskie and the European pike. In flight, ducks are safe from all but a few predators such as humans and the peregrine falcon, which uses its speed and strength to catch ducks." - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/texts/242", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" - }, - "children": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/243" + "$ref": "#/texts/237" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/246" @@ -5197,16 +5100,34 @@ "content_layer": "body", "label": "section_header", "prov": [], - "orig": "Relationship with humans", - "text": "Relationship with humans", + "orig": "Behaviour", + "text": "Behaviour", "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/243", + "self_ref": "#/texts/237", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/242" + "$ref": "#/texts/236" }, "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/pictures/11" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/pictures/12" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/240" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/241" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/242" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/243" + }, { "$ref": "#/texts/244" }, @@ -5217,42 +5138,114 @@ "content_layer": "body", "label": "section_header", "prov": [], - "orig": "Hunting", - "text": "Hunting", + "orig": "Feeding", + "text": "Feeding", "level": 3 }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/238", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "caption", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Pecten along the bill", + "text": "Pecten along the bill" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/239", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "caption", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Mallard duckling preening", + "text": "Mallard duckling preening" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/240", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/237" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Ducks eat food sources such as grasses, aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small molluscs.", + "text": "Ducks eat food sources such as grasses, aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small molluscs." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/241", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/237" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Dabbling ducks feed on the surface of water or on land, or as deep as they can reach by up-ending without completely submerging.[24] Along the edge of the bill, there is a comb-like structure called a pecten. This strains the water squirting from the side of the bill and traps any food. The pecten is also used to preen feathers and to hold slippery food items.", + "text": "Dabbling ducks feed on the surface of water or on land, or as deep as they can reach by up-ending without completely submerging.[24] Along the edge of the bill, there is a comb-like structure called a pecten. This strains the water squirting from the side of the bill and traps any food. The pecten is also used to preen feathers and to hold slippery food items." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/242", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/237" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Diving ducks and sea ducks forage deep underwater. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving ducks are heavier than dabbling ducks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly.", + "text": "Diving ducks and sea ducks forage deep underwater. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving ducks are heavier than dabbling ducks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/243", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/237" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "A few specialized species such as the mergansers are adapted to catch and swallow large fish.", + "text": "A few specialized species such as the mergansers are adapted to catch and swallow large fish." + }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/244", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/243" + "$ref": "#/texts/237" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", "label": "paragraph", "prov": [], - "orig": "Humans have hunted ducks since prehistoric times. Excavations of middens in California dating to 7800 \u2013 6400 BP have turned up bones of ducks, including at least one now-extinct flightless species.[33] Ducks were captured in \"significant numbers\" by Holocene inhabitants of the lower Ohio River valley, suggesting they took advantage of the seasonal bounty provided by migrating waterfowl.[34] Neolithic hunters in locations as far apart as the Caribbean,[35] Scandinavia,[36] Egypt,[37] Switzerland,[38] and China relied on ducks as a source of protein for some or all of the year.[39] Archeological evidence shows that M\u0101ori people in New Zealand hunted the flightless Finsch's duck, possibly to extinction, though rat predation may also have contributed to its fate.[40] A similar end awaited the Chatham duck, a species with reduced flying capabilities which went extinct shortly after its island was colonised by Polynesian settlers.[41] It is probable that duck eggs were gathered by Neolithic hunter-gathers as well, though hard evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]", - "text": "Humans have hunted ducks since prehistoric times. Excavations of middens in California dating to 7800 \u2013 6400 BP have turned up bones of ducks, including at least one now-extinct flightless species.[33] Ducks were captured in \"significant numbers\" by Holocene inhabitants of the lower Ohio River valley, suggesting they took advantage of the seasonal bounty provided by migrating waterfowl.[34] Neolithic hunters in locations as far apart as the Caribbean,[35] Scandinavia,[36] Egypt,[37] Switzerland,[38] and China relied on ducks as a source of protein for some or all of the year.[39] Archeological evidence shows that M\u0101ori people in New Zealand hunted the flightless Finsch's duck, possibly to extinction, though rat predation may also have contributed to its fate.[40] A similar end awaited the Chatham duck, a species with reduced flying capabilities which went extinct shortly after its island was colonised by Polynesian settlers.[41] It is probable that duck eggs were gathered by Neolithic hunter-gathers as well, though hard evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]" + "orig": "The others have the characteristic wide flat bill adapted to dredging-type jobs such as pulling up waterweed, pulling worms and small molluscs out of mud, searching for insect larvae, and bulk jobs such as dredging out, holding, turning head first, and swallowing a squirming frog. To avoid injury when digging into sediment it has no cere, but the nostrils come out through hard horn.", + "text": "The others have the characteristic wide flat bill adapted to dredging-type jobs such as pulling up waterweed, pulling worms and small molluscs out of mud, searching for insect larvae, and bulk jobs such as dredging out, holding, turning head first, and swallowing a squirming frog. To avoid injury when digging into sediment it has no cere, but the nostrils come out through hard horn." }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/245", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/243" + "$ref": "#/texts/237" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", "label": "paragraph", "prov": [], - "orig": "In many areas, wild ducks (including ducks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport,[43] by shooting, or by being trapped using duck decoys. Because an idle floating duck or a duck squatting on land cannot react to fly or move quickly, \"a sitting duck\" has come to mean \"an easy target\". These ducks may be contaminated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]", - "text": "In many areas, wild ducks (including ducks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport,[43] by shooting, or by being trapped using duck decoys. Because an idle floating duck or a duck squatting on land cannot react to fly or move quickly, \"a sitting duck\" has come to mean \"an easy target\". These ducks may be contaminated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]" + "orig": "The Guardian published an article advising that ducks should not be fed with bread because it damages the health of the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]", + "text": "The Guardian published an article advising that ducks should not be fed with bread because it damages the health of the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]" }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/246", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/242" + "$ref": "#/texts/236" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/pictures/15" + "$ref": "#/pictures/13" }, { "$ref": "#/texts/248" @@ -5261,8 +5254,8 @@ "content_layer": "body", "label": "section_header", "prov": [], - "orig": "Domestication", - "text": "Domestication", + "orig": "Breeding", + "text": "Breeding", "level": 3 }, { @@ -5274,8 +5267,8 @@ "content_layer": "body", "label": "caption", "prov": [], - "orig": "Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks", - "text": "Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks" + "orig": "A Muscovy duckling", + "text": "A Muscovy duckling" }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/248", @@ -5286,20 +5279,237 @@ "content_layer": "body", "label": "paragraph", "prov": [], - "orig": "Ducks have many economic uses, being farmed for their meat, eggs, and feathers (particularly their down). Approximately 3 billion ducks are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.[45] They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. Almost all the varieties of domestic ducks are descended from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), apart from the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).[46][47] The Call duck is another example of a domestic duck breed. Its name comes from its original use established by hunters, as a decoy to attract wild mallards from the sky, into traps set for them on the ground. The call duck is the world's smallest domestic duck breed, as it weighs less than 1\u00a0kg (2.2\u00a0lb).[48]", - "text": "Ducks have many economic uses, being farmed for their meat, eggs, and feathers (particularly their down). Approximately 3 billion ducks are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.[45] They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. Almost all the varieties of domestic ducks are descended from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), apart from the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).[46][47] The Call duck is another example of a domestic duck breed. Its name comes from its original use established by hunters, as a decoy to attract wild mallards from the sky, into traps set for them on the ground. The call duck is the world's smallest domestic duck breed, as it weighs less than 1\u00a0kg (2.2\u00a0lb).[48]" + "orig": "Ducks generally only have one partner at a time, although the partnership usually only lasts one year.[26] Larger species and the more sedentary species (like fast-river specialists) tend to have pair-bonds that last numerous years.[27] Most duck species breed once a year, choosing to do so in favourable conditions (spring/summer or wet seasons). Ducks also tend to make a nest before breeding, and, after hatching, lead their ducklings to water. Mother ducks are very caring and protective of their young, but may abandon some of their ducklings if they are physically stuck in an area they cannot get out of (such as nesting in an enclosed courtyard) or are not prospering due to genetic defects or sickness brought about by hypothermia, starvation, or disease. Ducklings can also be orphaned by inconsistent late hatching where a few eggs hatch after the mother has abandoned the nest and led her ducklings to water.[28]", + "text": "Ducks generally only have one partner at a time, although the partnership usually only lasts one year.[26] Larger species and the more sedentary species (like fast-river specialists) tend to have pair-bonds that last numerous years.[27] Most duck species breed once a year, choosing to do so in favourable conditions (spring/summer or wet seasons). Ducks also tend to make a nest before breeding, and, after hatching, lead their ducklings to water. Mother ducks are very caring and protective of their young, but may abandon some of their ducklings if they are physically stuck in an area they cannot get out of (such as nesting in an enclosed courtyard) or are not prospering due to genetic defects or sickness brought about by hypothermia, starvation, or disease. Ducklings can also be orphaned by inconsistent late hatching where a few eggs hatch after the mother has abandoned the nest and led her ducklings to water.[28]" }, { "self_ref": "#/texts/249", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/242" + "$ref": "#/texts/236" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/250" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/251" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "section_header", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Communication", + "text": "Communication", + "level": 3 + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/250", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/249" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Female mallard ducks (as well as several other species in the genus Anas, such as the American and Pacific black ducks, spot-billed duck, northern pintail and common teal) make the classic \"quack\" sound while males make a similar but raspier sound that is sometimes written as \"breeeeze\",[29][self-published source?] but, despite widespread misconceptions, most species of duck do not \"quack\".[30] In general, ducks make a range of calls, including whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts. For example, the scaup \u2013 which are diving ducks \u2013 make a noise like \"scaup\" (hence their name). Calls may be loud displaying calls or quieter contact calls.", + "text": "Female mallard ducks (as well as several other species in the genus Anas, such as the American and Pacific black ducks, spot-billed duck, northern pintail and common teal) make the classic \"quack\" sound while males make a similar but raspier sound that is sometimes written as \"breeeeze\",[29][self-published source?] but, despite widespread misconceptions, most species of duck do not \"quack\".[30] In general, ducks make a range of calls, including whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts. For example, the scaup \u2013 which are diving ducks \u2013 make a noise like \"scaup\" (hence their name). Calls may be loud displaying calls or quieter contact calls." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/251", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/249" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "A common urban legend claims that duck quacks do not echo; however, this has been proven to be false. This myth was first debunked by the Acoustics Research Centre at the University of Salford in 2003 as part of the British Association's Festival of Science.[31] It was also debunked in one of the earlier episodes of the popular Discovery Channel television show MythBusters.[32]", + "text": "A common urban legend claims that duck quacks do not echo; however, this has been proven to be false. This myth was first debunked by the Acoustics Research Centre at the University of Salford in 2003 as part of the British Association's Festival of Science.[31] It was also debunked in one of the earlier episodes of the popular Discovery Channel television show MythBusters.[32]" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/252", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/236" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/pictures/14" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/254" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/255" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "section_header", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Predators", + "text": "Predators", + "level": 3 + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/253", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "caption", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Ringed teal", + "text": "Ringed teal" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/254", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/252" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Ducks have many predators. Ducklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for predatory birds but also for large fish like pike, crocodilians, predatory testudines such as the alligator snapping turtle, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as herons. Ducks' nests are raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may be caught unaware on the nest by mammals, such as foxes, or large birds, such as hawks or owls.", + "text": "Ducks have many predators. Ducklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for predatory birds but also for large fish like pike, crocodilians, predatory testudines such as the alligator snapping turtle, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as herons. Ducks' nests are raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may be caught unaware on the nest by mammals, such as foxes, or large birds, such as hawks or owls." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/255", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/252" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Adult ducks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators including big fish such as the North American muskie and the European pike. In flight, ducks are safe from all but a few predators such as humans and the peregrine falcon, which uses its speed and strength to catch ducks.", + "text": "Adult ducks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators including big fish such as the North American muskie and the European pike. In flight, ducks are safe from all but a few predators such as humans and the peregrine falcon, which uses its speed and strength to catch ducks." + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/256", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/43" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/257" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/260" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/263" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/266" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "section_header", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Relationship with humans", + "text": "Relationship with humans", + "level": 2 + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/257", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/256" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/258" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/259" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "section_header", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Hunting", + "text": "Hunting", + "level": 3 + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/258", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/257" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Humans have hunted ducks since prehistoric times. Excavations of middens in California dating to 7800 \u2013 6400 BP have turned up bones of ducks, including at least one now-extinct flightless species.[33] Ducks were captured in \"significant numbers\" by Holocene inhabitants of the lower Ohio River valley, suggesting they took advantage of the seasonal bounty provided by migrating waterfowl.[34] Neolithic hunters in locations as far apart as the Caribbean,[35] Scandinavia,[36] Egypt,[37] Switzerland,[38] and China relied on ducks as a source of protein for some or all of the year.[39] Archeological evidence shows that M\u0101ori people in New Zealand hunted the flightless Finsch's duck, possibly to extinction, though rat predation may also have contributed to its fate.[40] A similar end awaited the Chatham duck, a species with reduced flying capabilities which went extinct shortly after its island was colonised by Polynesian settlers.[41] It is probable that duck eggs were gathered by Neolithic hunter-gathers as well, though hard evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]", + "text": "Humans have hunted ducks since prehistoric times. Excavations of middens in California dating to 7800 \u2013 6400 BP have turned up bones of ducks, including at least one now-extinct flightless species.[33] Ducks were captured in \"significant numbers\" by Holocene inhabitants of the lower Ohio River valley, suggesting they took advantage of the seasonal bounty provided by migrating waterfowl.[34] Neolithic hunters in locations as far apart as the Caribbean,[35] Scandinavia,[36] Egypt,[37] Switzerland,[38] and China relied on ducks as a source of protein for some or all of the year.[39] Archeological evidence shows that M\u0101ori people in New Zealand hunted the flightless Finsch's duck, possibly to extinction, though rat predation may also have contributed to its fate.[40] A similar end awaited the Chatham duck, a species with reduced flying capabilities which went extinct shortly after its island was colonised by Polynesian settlers.[41] It is probable that duck eggs were gathered by Neolithic hunter-gathers as well, though hard evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/259", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/257" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "In many areas, wild ducks (including ducks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport,[43] by shooting, or by being trapped using duck decoys. Because an idle floating duck or a duck squatting on land cannot react to fly or move quickly, \"a sitting duck\" has come to mean \"an easy target\". These ducks may be contaminated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]", + "text": "In many areas, wild ducks (including ducks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport,[43] by shooting, or by being trapped using duck decoys. Because an idle floating duck or a duck squatting on land cannot react to fly or move quickly, \"a sitting duck\" has come to mean \"an easy target\". These ducks may be contaminated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/260", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/256" + }, + "children": [ + { + "$ref": "#/pictures/15" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/262" + } + ], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "section_header", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Domestication", + "text": "Domestication", + "level": 3 + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/261", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/body" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "caption", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks", + "text": "Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/262", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/260" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Ducks have many economic uses, being farmed for their meat, eggs, and feathers (particularly their down). Approximately 3 billion ducks are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.[45] They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. Almost all the varieties of domestic ducks are descended from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), apart from the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).[46][47] The Call duck is another example of a domestic duck breed. Its name comes from its original use established by hunters, as a decoy to attract wild mallards from the sky, into traps set for them on the ground. The call duck is the world's smallest domestic duck breed, as it weighs less than 1\u00a0kg (2.2\u00a0lb).[48]", + "text": "Ducks have many economic uses, being farmed for their meat, eggs, and feathers (particularly their down). Approximately 3 billion ducks are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.[45] They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. Almost all the varieties of domestic ducks are descended from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), apart from the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).[46][47] The Call duck is another example of a domestic duck breed. Its name comes from its original use established by hunters, as a decoy to attract wild mallards from the sky, into traps set for them on the ground. The call duck is the world's smallest domestic duck breed, as it weighs less than 1\u00a0kg (2.2\u00a0lb).[48]" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/263", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/256" }, "children": [ { "$ref": "#/pictures/16" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/251" + "$ref": "#/texts/265" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -5310,7 +5520,7 @@ "level": 3 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/250", + "self_ref": "#/texts/264", "parent": { "$ref": "#/body" }, @@ -5322,9 +5532,9 @@ "text": "Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/251", + "self_ref": "#/texts/265", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/249" + "$ref": "#/texts/263" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -5334,16 +5544,16 @@ "text": "Ducks appear on several coats of arms, including the coat of arms of Lub\u0101na (Latvia)[50] and the coat of arms of F\u00f6gl\u00f6 (\u00c5land).[51]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/252", + "self_ref": "#/texts/266", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/242" + "$ref": "#/texts/256" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/253" + "$ref": "#/texts/267" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/254" + "$ref": "#/texts/268" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -5354,9 +5564,9 @@ "level": 3 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/253", + "self_ref": "#/texts/267", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/252" + "$ref": "#/texts/266" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -5366,9 +5576,9 @@ "text": "In 2002, psychologist Richard Wiseman and colleagues at the University of Hertfordshire, UK, finished a year-long LaughLab experiment, concluding that of all animals, ducks attract the most humor and silliness; he said, \"If you're going to tell a joke involving an animal, make it a duck.\"[52] The word \"duck\" may have become an inherently funny word in many languages, possibly because ducks are seen as silly in their looks or behavior. Of the many ducks in fiction, many are cartoon characters, such as Walt Disney's Donald Duck, and Warner Bros.' Daffy Duck. Howard the Duck started as a comic book character in 1973[53][54] and was made into a movie in 1986." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/254", + "self_ref": "#/texts/268", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/252" + "$ref": "#/texts/266" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -5378,9 +5588,9 @@ "text": "The 1992 Disney film The Mighty Ducks, starring Emilio Estevez, chose the duck as the mascot for the fictional youth hockey team who are protagonists of the movie, based on the duck being described as a fierce fighter. This led to the duck becoming the nickname and mascot for the eventual National Hockey League professional team of the Anaheim Ducks, who were founded with the name the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.[citation needed] The duck is also the nickname of the University of Oregon sports teams as well as the Long Island Ducks minor league baseball team.[55]" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/255", + "self_ref": "#/texts/269", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { @@ -5398,7 +5608,7 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/256", + "self_ref": "#/texts/270", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/37" }, @@ -5412,7 +5622,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/257", + "self_ref": "#/texts/271", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/38" }, @@ -5426,7 +5636,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/258", + "self_ref": "#/texts/272", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/38" }, @@ -5440,7 +5650,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/259", + "self_ref": "#/texts/273", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/38" }, @@ -5454,7 +5664,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/260", + "self_ref": "#/texts/274", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/38" }, @@ -5468,7 +5678,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/261", + "self_ref": "#/texts/275", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/38" }, @@ -5482,7 +5692,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/262", + "self_ref": "#/texts/276", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/38" }, @@ -5496,16 +5706,16 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/263", + "self_ref": "#/texts/277", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/264" + "$ref": "#/texts/278" }, { - "$ref": "#/texts/320" + "$ref": "#/texts/334" } ], "content_layer": "body", @@ -5516,9 +5726,9 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/264", + "self_ref": "#/texts/278", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/263" + "$ref": "#/texts/277" }, "children": [ { @@ -5533,7 +5743,7 @@ "level": 3 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/265", + "self_ref": "#/texts/279", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5547,7 +5757,7 @@ "marker": "1." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/266", + "self_ref": "#/texts/280", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5561,7 +5771,7 @@ "marker": "2." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/267", + "self_ref": "#/texts/281", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5575,7 +5785,7 @@ "marker": "3." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/268", + "self_ref": "#/texts/282", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5589,7 +5799,7 @@ "marker": "4." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/269", + "self_ref": "#/texts/283", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5603,7 +5813,7 @@ "marker": "5." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/270", + "self_ref": "#/texts/284", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5617,7 +5827,7 @@ "marker": "6." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/271", + "self_ref": "#/texts/285", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5631,7 +5841,7 @@ "marker": "7." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/272", + "self_ref": "#/texts/286", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5645,7 +5855,7 @@ "marker": "8." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/273", + "self_ref": "#/texts/287", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5659,7 +5869,7 @@ "marker": "9." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/274", + "self_ref": "#/texts/288", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5673,7 +5883,7 @@ "marker": "10." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/275", + "self_ref": "#/texts/289", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5687,7 +5897,7 @@ "marker": "11." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/276", + "self_ref": "#/texts/290", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5701,7 +5911,7 @@ "marker": "12." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/277", + "self_ref": "#/texts/291", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5715,7 +5925,7 @@ "marker": "13." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/278", + "self_ref": "#/texts/292", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5729,7 +5939,7 @@ "marker": "14." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/279", + "self_ref": "#/texts/293", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5743,7 +5953,7 @@ "marker": "15." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/280", + "self_ref": "#/texts/294", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5757,7 +5967,7 @@ "marker": "16." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/281", + "self_ref": "#/texts/295", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5771,7 +5981,7 @@ "marker": "17." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/282", + "self_ref": "#/texts/296", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5785,7 +5995,7 @@ "marker": "18." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/283", + "self_ref": "#/texts/297", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5799,7 +6009,7 @@ "marker": "19." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/284", + "self_ref": "#/texts/298", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5813,7 +6023,7 @@ "marker": "20." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/285", + "self_ref": "#/texts/299", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5827,7 +6037,7 @@ "marker": "21." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/286", + "self_ref": "#/texts/300", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5841,7 +6051,7 @@ "marker": "22." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/287", + "self_ref": "#/texts/301", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5855,7 +6065,7 @@ "marker": "23." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/288", + "self_ref": "#/texts/302", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5869,7 +6079,7 @@ "marker": "24." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/289", + "self_ref": "#/texts/303", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5883,7 +6093,7 @@ "marker": "25." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/290", + "self_ref": "#/texts/304", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5897,7 +6107,7 @@ "marker": "26." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/291", + "self_ref": "#/texts/305", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5911,7 +6121,7 @@ "marker": "27." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/292", + "self_ref": "#/texts/306", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5925,7 +6135,7 @@ "marker": "28." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/293", + "self_ref": "#/texts/307", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5939,7 +6149,7 @@ "marker": "29." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/294", + "self_ref": "#/texts/308", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5953,7 +6163,7 @@ "marker": "30." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/295", + "self_ref": "#/texts/309", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5967,7 +6177,7 @@ "marker": "31." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/296", + "self_ref": "#/texts/310", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5981,7 +6191,7 @@ "marker": "32." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/297", + "self_ref": "#/texts/311", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -5995,7 +6205,7 @@ "marker": "33." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/298", + "self_ref": "#/texts/312", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6009,7 +6219,7 @@ "marker": "34." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/299", + "self_ref": "#/texts/313", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6023,7 +6233,7 @@ "marker": "35." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/300", + "self_ref": "#/texts/314", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6037,7 +6247,7 @@ "marker": "36." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/301", + "self_ref": "#/texts/315", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6051,7 +6261,7 @@ "marker": "37." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/302", + "self_ref": "#/texts/316", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6065,7 +6275,7 @@ "marker": "38." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/303", + "self_ref": "#/texts/317", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6079,7 +6289,7 @@ "marker": "39." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/304", + "self_ref": "#/texts/318", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6093,7 +6303,7 @@ "marker": "40." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/305", + "self_ref": "#/texts/319", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6107,7 +6317,7 @@ "marker": "41." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/306", + "self_ref": "#/texts/320", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6121,7 +6331,7 @@ "marker": "42." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/307", + "self_ref": "#/texts/321", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6135,7 +6345,7 @@ "marker": "43." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/308", + "self_ref": "#/texts/322", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6149,7 +6359,7 @@ "marker": "44." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/309", + "self_ref": "#/texts/323", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6163,7 +6373,7 @@ "marker": "45." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/310", + "self_ref": "#/texts/324", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6177,7 +6387,7 @@ "marker": "46." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/311", + "self_ref": "#/texts/325", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6191,7 +6401,7 @@ "marker": "47." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/312", + "self_ref": "#/texts/326", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6205,7 +6415,7 @@ "marker": "48." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/313", + "self_ref": "#/texts/327", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6219,7 +6429,7 @@ "marker": "49." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/314", + "self_ref": "#/texts/328", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6233,7 +6443,7 @@ "marker": "50." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/315", + "self_ref": "#/texts/329", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6247,7 +6457,7 @@ "marker": "51." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/316", + "self_ref": "#/texts/330", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6261,7 +6471,7 @@ "marker": "52." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/317", + "self_ref": "#/texts/331", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6275,7 +6485,7 @@ "marker": "53." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/318", + "self_ref": "#/texts/332", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6289,7 +6499,7 @@ "marker": "54." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/319", + "self_ref": "#/texts/333", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/39" }, @@ -6303,9 +6513,9 @@ "marker": "55." }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/320", + "self_ref": "#/texts/334", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/263" + "$ref": "#/texts/277" }, "children": [ { @@ -6320,7 +6530,7 @@ "level": 3 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/321", + "self_ref": "#/texts/335", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6334,7 +6544,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/322", + "self_ref": "#/texts/336", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6348,7 +6558,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/323", + "self_ref": "#/texts/337", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6362,7 +6572,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/324", + "self_ref": "#/texts/338", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6376,7 +6586,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/325", + "self_ref": "#/texts/339", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6390,7 +6600,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/326", + "self_ref": "#/texts/340", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6404,7 +6614,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/327", + "self_ref": "#/texts/341", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6418,7 +6628,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/328", + "self_ref": "#/texts/342", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6432,7 +6642,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/329", + "self_ref": "#/texts/343", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6446,7 +6656,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/330", + "self_ref": "#/texts/344", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6460,7 +6670,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/331", + "self_ref": "#/texts/345", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6474,7 +6684,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/332", + "self_ref": "#/texts/346", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6488,7 +6698,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/333", + "self_ref": "#/texts/347", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6502,7 +6712,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/334", + "self_ref": "#/texts/348", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6516,7 +6726,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/335", + "self_ref": "#/texts/349", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6530,7 +6740,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/336", + "self_ref": "#/texts/350", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6544,7 +6754,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/337", + "self_ref": "#/texts/351", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6558,7 +6768,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/338", + "self_ref": "#/texts/352", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6572,7 +6782,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/339", + "self_ref": "#/texts/353", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6586,7 +6796,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/340", + "self_ref": "#/texts/354", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/40" }, @@ -6600,9 +6810,9 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/341", + "self_ref": "#/texts/355", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [ { @@ -6617,9 +6827,18 @@ { "$ref": "#/pictures/17" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/365" + }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/366" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/43" }, + { + "$ref": "#/texts/370" + }, { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6644,7 +6863,7 @@ "level": 2 }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/342", + "self_ref": "#/texts/356", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/41" }, @@ -6658,7 +6877,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/343", + "self_ref": "#/texts/357", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/41" }, @@ -6672,7 +6891,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/344", + "self_ref": "#/texts/358", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/41" }, @@ -6686,7 +6905,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/345", + "self_ref": "#/texts/359", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/41" }, @@ -6700,7 +6919,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/346", + "self_ref": "#/texts/360", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/41" }, @@ -6714,7 +6933,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/347", + "self_ref": "#/texts/361", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/41" }, @@ -6728,7 +6947,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/348", + "self_ref": "#/texts/362", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/42" }, @@ -6742,7 +6961,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/349", + "self_ref": "#/texts/363", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/42" }, @@ -6756,7 +6975,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/350", + "self_ref": "#/texts/364", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/42" }, @@ -6770,7 +6989,31 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/351", + "self_ref": "#/texts/365", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Retrieved from \"\"", + "text": "Retrieved from \"\"" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/366", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": ":", + "text": ":" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/367", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/43" }, @@ -6784,7 +7027,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/352", + "self_ref": "#/texts/368", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/43" }, @@ -6798,7 +7041,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/353", + "self_ref": "#/texts/369", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/43" }, @@ -6812,7 +7055,19 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/354", + "self_ref": "#/texts/370", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/355" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "paragraph", + "prov": [], + "orig": "Hidden categories:", + "text": "Hidden categories:" + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/texts/371", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6826,7 +7081,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/355", + "self_ref": "#/texts/372", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6840,7 +7095,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/356", + "self_ref": "#/texts/373", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6854,7 +7109,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/357", + "self_ref": "#/texts/374", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6868,7 +7123,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/358", + "self_ref": "#/texts/375", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6882,7 +7137,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/359", + "self_ref": "#/texts/376", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6896,7 +7151,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/360", + "self_ref": "#/texts/377", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6910,7 +7165,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/361", + "self_ref": "#/texts/378", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6924,7 +7179,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/362", + "self_ref": "#/texts/379", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6938,7 +7193,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/363", + "self_ref": "#/texts/380", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6952,7 +7207,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/364", + "self_ref": "#/texts/381", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6966,7 +7221,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/365", + "self_ref": "#/texts/382", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6980,7 +7235,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/366", + "self_ref": "#/texts/383", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -6994,7 +7249,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/367", + "self_ref": "#/texts/384", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7008,7 +7263,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/368", + "self_ref": "#/texts/385", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7022,7 +7277,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/369", + "self_ref": "#/texts/386", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7036,7 +7291,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/370", + "self_ref": "#/texts/387", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7050,7 +7305,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/371", + "self_ref": "#/texts/388", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7064,7 +7319,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/372", + "self_ref": "#/texts/389", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7078,7 +7333,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/373", + "self_ref": "#/texts/390", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7092,7 +7347,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/374", + "self_ref": "#/texts/391", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7106,7 +7361,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/375", + "self_ref": "#/texts/392", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7120,7 +7375,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/376", + "self_ref": "#/texts/393", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7134,7 +7389,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/377", + "self_ref": "#/texts/394", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7148,7 +7403,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/378", + "self_ref": "#/texts/395", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7162,7 +7417,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/379", + "self_ref": "#/texts/396", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/44" }, @@ -7176,7 +7431,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/380", + "self_ref": "#/texts/397", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/45" }, @@ -7190,7 +7445,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/381", + "self_ref": "#/texts/398", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/45" }, @@ -7204,7 +7459,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/382", + "self_ref": "#/texts/399", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7218,7 +7473,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/383", + "self_ref": "#/texts/400", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7232,7 +7487,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/384", + "self_ref": "#/texts/401", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7246,7 +7501,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/385", + "self_ref": "#/texts/402", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7260,7 +7515,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/386", + "self_ref": "#/texts/403", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7274,7 +7529,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/387", + "self_ref": "#/texts/404", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7288,7 +7543,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/388", + "self_ref": "#/texts/405", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7302,7 +7557,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/389", + "self_ref": "#/texts/406", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7316,7 +7571,7 @@ "marker": "-" }, { - "self_ref": "#/texts/390", + "self_ref": "#/texts/407", "parent": { "$ref": "#/groups/46" }, @@ -7376,7 +7631,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/pictures/3", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7390,7 +7645,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/pictures/4", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7398,7 +7653,7 @@ "prov": [], "captions": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/202" + "$ref": "#/texts/216" } ], "references": [], @@ -7408,97 +7663,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/pictures/5", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/206" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/6", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/200" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/207" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/7", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/208" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/210" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/8", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/213" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/214" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/9", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/217" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/218" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/10", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/217" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7514,9 +7679,27 @@ "annotations": [] }, { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/11", + "self_ref": "#/pictures/6", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" + "$ref": "#/texts/214" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/221" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/7", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/222" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7531,46 +7714,82 @@ "footnotes": [], "annotations": [] }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/8", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/227" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/228" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/9", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/231" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/232" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/10", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/231" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/234" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/11", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/237" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/238" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, { "self_ref": "#/pictures/12", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/223" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/225" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/13", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/232" - }, - "children": [], - "content_layer": "body", - "label": "picture", - "prov": [], - "captions": [ - { - "$ref": "#/texts/233" - } - ], - "references": [], - "footnotes": [], - "annotations": [] - }, - { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/14", - "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/238" + "$ref": "#/texts/237" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7586,7 +7805,7 @@ "annotations": [] }, { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/15", + "self_ref": "#/pictures/13", "parent": { "$ref": "#/texts/246" }, @@ -7604,9 +7823,9 @@ "annotations": [] }, { - "self_ref": "#/pictures/16", + "self_ref": "#/pictures/14", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/249" + "$ref": "#/texts/252" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7614,7 +7833,43 @@ "prov": [], "captions": [ { - "$ref": "#/texts/250" + "$ref": "#/texts/253" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/15", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/260" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/261" + } + ], + "references": [], + "footnotes": [], + "annotations": [] + }, + { + "self_ref": "#/pictures/16", + "parent": { + "$ref": "#/texts/263" + }, + "children": [], + "content_layer": "body", + "label": "picture", + "prov": [], + "captions": [ + { + "$ref": "#/texts/264" } ], "references": [], @@ -7624,7 +7879,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/pictures/17", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" + "$ref": "#/texts/355" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -7640,7 +7895,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/tables/0", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/39" + "$ref": "#/texts/43" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", @@ -8239,7 +8494,7 @@ { "self_ref": "#/tables/1", "parent": { - "$ref": "#/texts/341" + "$ref": "#/texts/355" }, "children": [], "content_layer": "body", diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md index bd3f3c3..26c42e2 100644 --- a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md +++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +Main menu + +Navigation + - Main page - Contents - Current events @@ -5,6 +9,8 @@ - About Wikipedia - Contact us +Contribute + - Help - Learn to edit - Community portal @@ -22,6 +28,9 @@ - Log in - Create account - Log in + +Pages for logged out editors + - Contributions - Talk @@ -193,9 +202,17 @@ - Read - View source - View history + +Tools + +Actions + - Read - View source - View history + +General + - What links here - Related changes - Upload file @@ -206,13 +223,29 @@ - Get shortened URL - Download QR code - Wikidata item + +Print/export + - Download as PDF - Printable version + +In other projects + - Wikimedia Commons - Wikiquote +Appearance + +From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia + +Common name for many species of bird + +This article is about the bird. For duck as a food, see . For other uses, see . + +"Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see . + | Duck | Duck | |--------------------------------|--------------------------------| | | | @@ -482,10 +515,16 @@ The 1992 Disney film The Mighty Ducks, starring Emilio Estevez, chose the duck a +Retrieved from "" + +: + - Ducks - Game birds - Bird common names +Hidden categories: + - All accuracy disputes - Accuracy disputes from February 2020 - CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi) diff --git a/tests/data/html/example_06.html b/tests/data/html/example_06.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..efafd27 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/data/html/example_06.html @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + + + Sample HTML File + + +
This is a div with text.
+
This is another div with text.
+

This is a regular paragraph.

+
This is a third div
with a new line.
+

This is a fourth div with a bold paragraph.

+ +