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增加中文语言
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# NetBox 是什么?
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NetBox是一个开源的web应用程序,旨在帮助管理和记录计算机网络。NetBox最初由 [DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/) 的网络工程团队为满足网络和基础设施工程师的管理需求而提议并实现的。它包括网络管理的以下方面:
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* **IP address management (IPAM)** - IP 网络管地址, VRFs, 和 VLANs
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* **Equipment racks** - 按组和站点进行组织
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* **Devices** - 设备类型及其安装位置
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* **Connections** - 设备之间的网络、控制台和电源连接
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* **Virtualization** - 虚拟机和群集
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* **Data circuits** - 长途通信电路和供应商
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* **Secrets** - 加密存储敏感凭证
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## NetBox 不能做什么
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NetBox覆盖网络管理的许多领域,但其功能集的范围必然是受限的。这确保了在核心功能上集中开发,并合理控制范围的蔓延。NetBox **不** 提供如下功能:
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* 网络监视
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* DNS 服务器
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* RADIUS 服务器
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* 配置管理
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* 设施管理
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也就是说, NetBox _能_ 非常有效地使用外部工具来满足这些功能要求。
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## 设计理念
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NetBox基于以下原则设计:
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### 复制真实世界
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对数据模型进行了仔细的考虑,以确保它能够准确地反映真实世界的网络。例如,IP地址不是分配给设备,而是分配给连接到设备的特定接口,并且一个接口可能有多个IP地址分配给它。
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### 充当“真理之源”
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NetBox旨在表示网络的 _期望_ 状态与 _操作_ 状态。因此,强烈建议自动导入实时网络状态。所有在NetBox中创建的数据都应该首先由人工来审核,以确保其完整性。然后可以使用高度可信的NetBox来实现监视和资源调配。
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### 保持简单
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当在一个相对简单的[80%解决方案](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle)和一个更复杂的完整解决方案之间进行选择时,通常前者会更受到青睐。这确保了代码库具有低的学习曲线。
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## 应用程序技术栈
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NetBox构建在[Django](https://djangoproject.com/)这一Python框架之上,并利用了[PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/)数据库。它以WSGI服务方式运行HTTP服务器。
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| 功能 | 组件 |
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|--------------------|-------------------|
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| HTTP 服务 | nginx or Apache |
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| WSGI 服务 | gunicorn or uWSGI |
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| 应用 | Django/Python |
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| 数据库 | PostgreSQL 9.6+ |
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| 任务队列 | Redis/django-rq |
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| 在线设备访问 | NAPALM |
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## 受支持的 Python 版本
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NetBox 当前支持 Python 3.6 and 3.7 环境. (NetBox v2.8 开始移除了 Python 3.5 支持)
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## 快速开始
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查看 [安装指南](installation/index%20zh-cn.md) 以快速启动和运行NetBox .
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# PostgreSQL 数据库安装
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本节说明了如何安装和配置本地PostgreSQL数据库。如果您已经有了PostgreSQL数据库服务,请跳到 [下一节](2-redis.md).
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!!! 警告
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NetBox 需要 PostgreSQL 9.6 或更高。 请注意 **不** 支持 MySQL 及其它关系数据库.
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这里提供的安装说明已经在 Ubuntu 18.04 及 CentOS 7.5 上进行了测试。在其他发行版上安装依赖项所需的相应命令可能会有很大不同。不幸的是,这超出了 NetBox 维护人员的能力范围。请参考发行版的文档以获得相应错误的帮助。
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## 安装
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#### Ubuntu
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如果您的发行版的包管理器中没有 PostgreSQL 的最新版本,则需要从官方的 [PostgreSQL repository](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt) 安装它.
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```no-highlight
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# apt-get update
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# apt-get install -y postgresql libpq-dev
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```
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#### CentOS
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CentOS 7.5 没有提供 PostgreSQL 的最新版本,因此需要从外部存储库安装它。下面的说明显示了 PostgreSQL 9.6 的安装,但是您可以选择安装更新的版本。
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```no-highlight
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# yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
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# yum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server postgresql96-devel
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# /usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
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```
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CentOS 用户需要修改 PostgreSQL 的 `/var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_hba.conf` 配置文件,即将所有 host 项的 `ident` 使用 `md5` 进行替代,以支持基于密码的认证 . 如:
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```no-highlight
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host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
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host all all ::1/128 md5
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```
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然后启动服务,并允许其开机启动:
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```no-highlight
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# systemctl start postgresql-9.6
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# systemctl enable postgresql-9.6
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```
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## 创建数据库
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我们至少需要为 NetBox 创建一个数据库,并创建单独的用户(指定用户名和密码),以进行用户认证。
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!!! 危险
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请不要在真实环境里使用示例中的密码.
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```no-highlight
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# sudo -u postgres psql
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psql (10.10)
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Type "help" for help.
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postgres=# CREATE DATABASE netbox;
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CREATE DATABASE
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postgres=# CREATE USER netbox WITH PASSWORD 'J5brHrAXFLQSif0K';
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CREATE ROLE
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postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE netbox TO netbox;
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GRANT
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postgres=# \q
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```
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## 确认服务状态
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您可以使用以下命令并提供相应的密码来验证创建的用户是否有效。(如果使用远程数据库,请将 `localhost` 替换为数据库服务器地址。)
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```no-highlight
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# psql -U netbox -W -h localhost netbox
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```
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正确的情况下, 您将进入 `netbox` 提示符. 输入 `\q` 以退出.
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# Redis 安装
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## 安装 Redis
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[Redis](https://redis.io/) 是一个基于内存的 key-value 存储,NetBox 基于其进行缓存和队列. 本节说明了如何安装和配置本地Redis实例。如果您已经有了Redis服务,请跳到 [下一节](3-netbox.md) .
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### Ubuntu
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```no-highlight
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# apt-get install -y redis-server
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```
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### CentOS
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```no-highlight
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# yum install -y epel-release
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# yum install -y redis
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# systemctl start redis
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# systemctl enable redis
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```
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您可以修改 Redis 位于 `/etc/redis.conf` 或 `/etc/redis/redis.conf` 下的配置信息, 通常情况下默认配置即可满足使用要求.
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## 确认服务状态
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使用 `redis-cli` 工具确认 Redis 服务可用:
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```no-highlight
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$ redis-cli ping
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PONG
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```
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# NetBox 安装
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本章节说明了如何安装和配置NetBox应用程序本身。
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## 安装必备软件包
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首先安装NetBox及其依赖项所需的所有系统软件包。请注意,从 NetBox v2.8 开始,需要 Python 3.6 或更高版本。
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### Ubuntu
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```no-highlight
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# apt-get install -y python3.6 python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev build-essential libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libffi-dev libpq-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev
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```
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### CentOS
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```no-highlight
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# yum install -y gcc python36 python36-devel python36-setuptools libxml2-devel libxslt-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config
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# easy_install-3.6 pip
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```
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## 下载 NetBox
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您可以选择从指定版本安装NetBox,也可以通过在GitHub上克隆其存储库的主分支来安装NetBox。
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### 选择 A: 下载特定的发布版
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从GitHub下载 [最新稳定版本](https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/releases) 的tarball或ZIP归档文件,并将其解压缩到所需的路径。在本例中,我们将使用 `/opt/netbox`。
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```no-highlight
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# wget https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/archive/vX.Y.Z.tar.gz
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# tar -xzf vX.Y.Z.tar.gz -C /opt
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# cd /opt/
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# ln -s netbox-X.Y.Z/ netbox
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# cd /opt/netbox/
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```
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### 选择 B: 从 Git 存储库克隆
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为 NetBox 安装创建基础目录. 本指南中, 我们使用 `/opt/netbox`.
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```no-highlight
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# mkdir -p /opt/netbox/ && cd /opt/netbox/
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```
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如果未安装 `git` , 使用如下命令进行安装:
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#### Ubuntu
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```no-highlight
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# apt-get install -y git
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```
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#### CentOS
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```no-highlight
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# yum install -y git
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```
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其次, 克隆 Git 存储库的 **master** 分支到当前目录:
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||||||
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```no-highlight
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# git clone -b master https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox.git .
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Cloning into '.'...
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remote: Counting objects: 1994, done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (150/150), done.
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remote: Total 1994 (delta 80), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1842
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Receiving objects: 100% (1994/1994), 472.36 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (1495/1495), done.
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Checking connectivity... done.
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```
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## 创建 NetBox 用户
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创建名为 `netbox` 的系统用户帐户。我们将配置WSGI和HTTP服务在该帐户下运行。我们还将为这个用户分配媒体文件目录的所有权。以确保 NetBox 能够保存本地文件。
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||||||
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#### Ubuntu
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||||||
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```
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||||||
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# adduser --system --group netbox
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# chown --recursive netbox /opt/netbox/netbox/media/
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||||||
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```
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||||||
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||||||
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#### CentOS
|
||||||
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||||||
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```
|
||||||
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# groupadd --system netbox
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||||||
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# adduser --system -g netbox netbox
|
||||||
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# chown --recursive netbox /opt/netbox/netbox/media/
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||||||
|
```
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## 设置 Python 环境
|
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||||||
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我们将使用 Python [虚拟环境](https://docs.python.org/3.6/tutorial/venv.html) 以确保 NetBox 所需的软件包不会与基本系统中的任何内容发生冲突。这将在 NetBox 根目录中创建一个名为 `venv` 的目录。
|
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||||||
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```no-highlight
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# python3 -m venv /opt/netbox/venv
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||||||
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```
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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接下来,激活虚拟环境并安装所需的 Python 包。您应该会看到控制台提示更改成了相应的活动环境。(激活虚拟环境将更新命令 shell ,以使用我们刚刚为 NetBox 安装的 Python 本地副本,而不是系统的 Python 解释器)
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||||||
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||||||
|
|
||||||
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```no-highlight
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||||||
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# source venv/bin/activate
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||||||
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(venv) # pip3 install -r requirements.txt
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||||||
|
```
|
||||||
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||||||
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### NAPALM 自动化 (可选)
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||||||
|
|
||||||
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NetBox支持与 [NAPALM automation](https://napalm-automation.net/) 库的集成。NAPALM 允许 NetBox 从设备获取实时数据,并通过 REST API 将其返回给请求者。安装 NAPALM 是可选的。要启用它,请安装 `napalm` 包:
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||||||
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|
||||||
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```no-highlight
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(venv) # pip3 install napalm
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||||||
|
```
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||||||
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||||||
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为保证在特性升级时 NAPALM 自动重新安装, 在 NetBox 根目录下创建一个名为 `local_requirements.txt` 的文件 (类似 `requirements.txt`) 并列入 `napalm` 包:
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||||||
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```no-highlight
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# echo napalm >> local_requirements.txt
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||||||
|
```
|
||||||
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### 远程文件存储 (可选)
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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缺省情况下, NetBox 使用本地文件系统存储上传的文件. 使用远程文件存储时需要, 安装 [`django-storages`](https://django-storages.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) 库并在 `configuration.py` 中配置 [desired backend](../../configuration/optional-settings/#storage_backend) .
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
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||||||
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(venv) # pip3 install django-storages
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
不要忘记增加 `django-storages` 包名到 `local_requirements.txt` 文件,以确保在特性升级时也能被自动重新安装:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
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||||||
|
# echo django-storages >> local_requirements.txt
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 配置
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
进入 NetBox 配置目录,并基于 `configuration.example.py` 文件复制一份为 `configuration.py`.
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
|
||||||
|
(venv) # cd netbox/netbox/
|
||||||
|
(venv) # cp configuration.example.py configuration.py
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
以您常用的编辑器打开 `configuration.py` 并配置如下变量:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* `ALLOWED_HOSTS`
|
||||||
|
* `DATABASE`
|
||||||
|
* `REDIS`
|
||||||
|
* `SECRET_KEY`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### ALLOWED_HOSTS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
配置服务器能使用的有效的主机名. 必须指定至少一个名称或IP地址.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
例如:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['netbox.example.com', '192.0.2.123']
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### DATABASE
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本参数配置数据库连接信息. You must define the username and password used when you configured PostgreSQL. If the service is running on a remote host, replace `localhost` with its address. See the [configuration documentation](../../configuration/required-settings/#database) for more detail on individual parameters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This parameter holds the database configuration details. You must define the username and password used when you configured PostgreSQL. If the service is running on a remote host, replace `localhost` with its address. See the [configuration documentation](../../configuration/required-settings/#database) for more detail on individual parameters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Example:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
DATABASE = {
|
||||||
|
'NAME': 'netbox', # Database name
|
||||||
|
'USER': 'netbox', # PostgreSQL username
|
||||||
|
'PASSWORD': 'J5brHrAXFLQSif0K', # PostgreSQL password
|
||||||
|
'HOST': 'localhost', # Database server
|
||||||
|
'PORT': '', # Database port (leave blank for default)
|
||||||
|
'CONN_MAX_AGE': 300, # Max database connection age
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### REDIS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Redis is a in-memory key-value store required as part of the NetBox installation. It is used for features such as webhooks and caching. Redis typically requires minimal configuration; the values below should suffice for most installations. See the [configuration documentation](../../configuration/required-settings/#redis) for more detail on individual parameters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
REDIS = {
|
||||||
|
'tasks': {
|
||||||
|
'HOST': 'redis.example.com',
|
||||||
|
'PORT': 1234,
|
||||||
|
'PASSWORD': 'foobar',
|
||||||
|
'DATABASE': 0,
|
||||||
|
'DEFAULT_TIMEOUT': 300,
|
||||||
|
'SSL': False,
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
'caching': {
|
||||||
|
'HOST': 'localhost',
|
||||||
|
'PORT': 6379,
|
||||||
|
'PASSWORD': '',
|
||||||
|
'DATABASE': 1,
|
||||||
|
'DEFAULT_TIMEOUT': 300,
|
||||||
|
'SSL': False,
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### SECRET_KEY
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Generate a random secret key of at least 50 alphanumeric characters. This key must be unique to this installation and must not be shared outside the local system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You may use the script located at `netbox/generate_secret_key.py` to generate a suitable key.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
!!! note
|
||||||
|
In the case of a highly available installation with multiple web servers, `SECRET_KEY` must be identical among all servers in order to maintain a persistent user session state.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Run Database Migrations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Before NetBox can run, we need to install the database schema. This is done by running `python3 manage.py migrate` from the `netbox` directory (`/opt/netbox/netbox/` in our example):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
|
||||||
|
(venv) # cd /opt/netbox/netbox/
|
||||||
|
(venv) # python3 manage.py migrate
|
||||||
|
Operations to perform:
|
||||||
|
Apply all migrations: dcim, sessions, admin, ipam, utilities, auth, circuits, contenttypes, extras, secrets, users
|
||||||
|
Running migrations:
|
||||||
|
Rendering model states... DONE
|
||||||
|
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
|
||||||
|
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
|
||||||
|
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If this step results in a PostgreSQL authentication error, ensure that the username and password created in the database match what has been specified in `configuration.py`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Create a Super User
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
NetBox does not come with any predefined user accounts. You'll need to create a super user to be able to log into NetBox:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
|
||||||
|
(venv) # python3 manage.py createsuperuser
|
||||||
|
Username: admin
|
||||||
|
Email address: admin@example.com
|
||||||
|
Password:
|
||||||
|
Password (again):
|
||||||
|
Superuser created successfully.
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Collect Static Files
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
|
||||||
|
(venv) # python3 manage.py collectstatic --no-input
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
959 static files copied to '/opt/netbox/netbox/static'.
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test the Application
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
At this point, NetBox should be able to run. We can verify this by starting a development instance:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```no-highlight
|
||||||
|
(venv) # python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 --insecure
|
||||||
|
Performing system checks...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
|
||||||
|
November 28, 2018 - 09:33:45
|
||||||
|
Django version 2.0.9, using settings 'netbox.settings'
|
||||||
|
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
|
||||||
|
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Next, connect to the name or IP of the server (as defined in `ALLOWED_HOSTS`) on port 8000; for example, <http://127.0.0.1:8000/>. You should be greeted with the NetBox home page. Note that this built-in web service is for development and testing purposes only. **It is not suited for production use.**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
!!! warning
|
||||||
|
If the test service does not run, or you cannot reach the NetBox home page, something has gone wrong. Do not proceed with the rest of this guide until the installation has been corrected.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Note that the initial UI will be locked down for non-authenticated users.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|

|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
After logging in as the superuser you created earlier, all areas of the UI will be available.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|

|
19
docs/installation/index zh-cn.md
Normal file
19
docs/installation/index zh-cn.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
|||||||
|
# 安装
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
以下章节详细说明了如何安装一个新的 NetBox 实例:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. [PostgreSQL 数据库](1-postgresql%20zh-cn.md)
|
||||||
|
1. [Redis](2-redis%20zh-cn.md)
|
||||||
|
3. [NetBox 组件](3-netbox%20zh-cn.md)
|
||||||
|
4. [HTTP 服务](4-http-daemon.md)
|
||||||
|
5. [LDAP 认证](5-ldap.md) (可选)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
下面是NetBox应用程序技术栈的简述,以供参考:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|

|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 升级
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果您从一个已有的安装进行升级, 请参考 [升级指南](upgrading.md).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Netbox v2.5.9及更高版本使用systemd替代了supervord。 如果您目前还是使用 supervisord ,请参阅说明 [升级到 systemd](migrating-to-systemd.md) .
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user