diff --git a/netbox/dcim/models/device_components.py b/netbox/dcim/models/device_components.py
index da69f4138..71d1e3f53 100644
--- a/netbox/dcim/models/device_components.py
+++ b/netbox/dcim/models/device_components.py
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ class BaseInterface(models.Model):
         related_name='%(class)ss_svlan',
         null=True,
         blank=True,
-        verbose_name=_('Q-inQ SVLAN')
+        verbose_name=_('Q-in-Q SVLAN')
     )
 
     class Meta:
diff --git a/netbox/ipam/models/vlans.py b/netbox/ipam/models/vlans.py
index 061dfe2bd..ab055c195 100644
--- a/netbox/ipam/models/vlans.py
+++ b/netbox/ipam/models/vlans.py
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@ class VLAN(PrimaryModel):
                 'qinq_svlan': _("Only Q-in-Q customer VLANs maybe assigned to a service VLAN.")
             })
 
+        # A Q-in-Q customer VLAN must be assigned to a service VLAN
+        if self.qinq_role == VLANQinQRoleChoices.ROLE_CUSTOMER and not self.qinq_svlan:
+            raise ValidationError({
+                'qinq_role': _("A Q-in-Q customer VLAN must be assigned to a service VLAN.")
+            })
+
     def get_status_color(self):
         return VLANStatusChoices.colors.get(self.status)
 
diff --git a/netbox/ipam/tests/test_models.py b/netbox/ipam/tests/test_models.py
index d14fa0657..917b50f33 100644
--- a/netbox/ipam/tests/test_models.py
+++ b/netbox/ipam/tests/test_models.py
@@ -586,3 +586,24 @@ class TestVLANGroup(TestCase):
         vlangroup.vid_ranges = string_to_ranges('2-2')
         vlangroup.full_clean()
         vlangroup.save()
+
+
+class TestVLAN(TestCase):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        VLAN.objects.bulk_create((
+            VLAN(name='VLAN 1', vid=1, qinq_role=VLANQinQRoleChoices.ROLE_SERVICE),
+        ))
+
+    def test_qinq_role(self):
+        svlan = VLAN.objects.filter(qinq_role=VLANQinQRoleChoices.ROLE_SERVICE).first()
+
+        vlan = VLAN(
+            name='VLAN X',
+            vid=999,
+            qinq_role=VLANQinQRoleChoices.ROLE_SERVICE,
+            qinq_svlan=svlan
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            vlan.full_clean()