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Davidson Gomes
2025-04-25 15:30:54 -03:00
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"""Methods that operate on the coordinates of geometries."""
import numpy as np
import shapely
from shapely import lib
from shapely.decorators import deprecate_positional
__all__ = ["count_coordinates", "get_coordinates", "set_coordinates", "transform"]
# Note: future plan is to change this signature over a few releases:
# shapely 2.0: only supported XY and XYZ geometries
# transform(geometry, transformation, include_z=False)
# shapely 2.1: shows deprecation warning about positional 'include_z' arg
# transform(geometry, transformation, include_z=False, *, interleaved=True)
# shapely 2.2(?): enforce keyword-only arguments after 'transformation'
# transform(geometry, transformation, *, include_z=False, interleaved=True)
@deprecate_positional(["include_z"], category=DeprecationWarning)
def transform(
geometry,
transformation,
include_z: bool | None = False,
*,
interleaved: bool = True,
):
"""Apply a function to the coordinates of a geometry.
With the default of ``include_z=False``, all returned geometries will be
two-dimensional; the third dimension will be discarded, if present.
When specifying ``include_z=True``, the returned geometries preserve
the dimensionality of the respective input geometries.
Parameters
----------
geometry : Geometry or array_like
Geometry or geometries to transform.
transformation : function
A function that transforms a (N, 2) or (N, 3) ndarray of float64 to
another (N, 2) or (N, 3) ndarray of float64.
The function may not change N.
include_z : bool, optional, default False
If False, always return 2D geometries.
If True, the data being passed to the
transformation function will include the third dimension
(if a geometry has no third dimension, the z-coordinates
will be NaN). If None, will infer the dimensionality per
input geometry using ``has_z``, which may result in 2 calls to
the transformation function. Note that this inference
can be unreliable with empty geometries or NaN coordinates: for a
guaranteed result, it is recommended to specify ``include_z`` explicitly.
interleaved : bool, default True
If set to False, the transformation function should accept 2 or 3 separate
one-dimensional arrays (x, y and optional z) instead of a single
two-dimensional array.
.. versionadded:: 2.1.0
Notes
-----
.. deprecated:: 2.1.0
A deprecation warning is shown if ``include_z`` is specified as a
positional argument. This will need to be specified as a keyword
argument in a future release.
See Also
--------
has_z
Examples
--------
>>> import shapely
>>> from shapely import LineString, Point
>>> shapely.transform(Point(0, 0), lambda x: x + 1)
<POINT (1 1)>
>>> shapely.transform(LineString([(2, 2), (4, 4)]), lambda x: x * [2, 3])
<LINESTRING (4 6, 8 12)>
>>> shapely.transform(None, lambda x: x) is None
True
>>> shapely.transform([Point(0, 0), None], lambda x: x).tolist()
[<POINT (0 0)>, None]
The presence of a third dimension can be automatically detected, or
controlled explicitly:
>>> shapely.transform(Point(0, 0, 0), lambda x: x + 1)
<POINT (1 1)>
>>> shapely.transform(Point(0, 0, 0), lambda x: x + 1, include_z=True)
<POINT Z (1 1 1)>
>>> shapely.transform(Point(0, 0, 0), lambda x: x + 1, include_z=None)
<POINT Z (1 1 1)>
With interleaved=False, the call signature of the transformation is different:
>>> shapely.transform(LineString([(1, 2), (3, 4)]), lambda x, y: (x + 1, y), \
interleaved=False)
<LINESTRING (2 2, 4 4)>
Or with a z coordinate:
>>> shapely.transform(Point(0, 0, 0), lambda x, y, z: (x + 1, y, z + 2), \
interleaved=False, include_z=True)
<POINT Z (1 0 2)>
Using pyproj >= 2.1, the following example will reproject Shapely geometries
from EPSG 4326 to EPSG 32618:
>>> from pyproj import Transformer
>>> transformer = Transformer.from_crs(4326, 32618, always_xy=True)
>>> shapely.transform(Point(-75, 50), transformer.transform, interleaved=False)
<POINT (500000 5538630.703)>
"""
geometry_arr = np.array(geometry, dtype=np.object_) # makes a copy
if include_z is None:
has_z = shapely.has_z(geometry_arr)
result = np.empty_like(geometry_arr)
result[has_z] = transform(
geometry_arr[has_z], transformation, include_z=True, interleaved=interleaved
)
result[~has_z] = transform(
geometry_arr[~has_z],
transformation,
include_z=False,
interleaved=interleaved,
)
else:
# TODO: expose include_m
include_m = False
coordinates = lib.get_coordinates(geometry_arr, include_z, include_m, False)
if interleaved:
new_coordinates = transformation(coordinates)
else:
new_coordinates = np.asarray(
transformation(*coordinates.T), dtype=np.float64
).T
# check the array to yield understandable error messages
if not isinstance(new_coordinates, np.ndarray) or new_coordinates.ndim != 2:
raise ValueError(
"The provided transformation did not return a two-dimensional numpy "
"array"
)
if new_coordinates.dtype != np.float64:
raise ValueError(
"The provided transformation returned an array with an unexpected "
f"dtype ({new_coordinates.dtype})"
)
if new_coordinates.shape != coordinates.shape:
# if the shape is too small we will get a segfault
raise ValueError(
"The provided transformation returned an array with an unexpected "
f"shape ({new_coordinates.shape})"
)
result = lib.set_coordinates(geometry_arr, new_coordinates)
if result.ndim == 0 and not isinstance(geometry, np.ndarray):
return result.item()
return result
def count_coordinates(geometry):
"""Count the number of coordinate pairs in a geometry array.
Parameters
----------
geometry : Geometry or array_like
Geometry or geometries to count the coordinates of.
Examples
--------
>>> import shapely
>>> from shapely import LineString, Point
>>> shapely.count_coordinates(Point(0, 0))
1
>>> shapely.count_coordinates(LineString([(2, 2), (4, 2)]))
2
>>> shapely.count_coordinates(None)
0
>>> shapely.count_coordinates([Point(0, 0), None])
1
"""
return lib.count_coordinates(np.asarray(geometry, dtype=np.object_))
# Note: future plan is to change this signature over a few releases:
# shapely 2.0: only supported XY and XYZ geometries
# get_coordinates(geometry, include_z=False, return_index=False)
# shapely 2.1: shows deprecation warning about positional 'include_z' and 'return_index'
# get_coordinates(geometry, include_z=False, return_index=False, *, include_m=False)
# shapely 2.2(?): enforce keyword-only arguments after 'geometry'
# get_coordinates(geometry, *, include_z=False, include_m=False, return_index=False)
@deprecate_positional(["include_z", "return_index"], category=DeprecationWarning)
def get_coordinates(geometry, include_z=False, return_index=False, *, include_m=False):
"""Get coordinates from a geometry array as an array of floats.
The shape of the returned array is (N, 2), with N being the number of
coordinate pairs. The shape of the data may also be (N, 3) or (N, 4),
depending on ``include_z`` and ``include_m`` options.
Parameters
----------
geometry : Geometry or array_like
Geometry or geometries to get the coordinates of.
include_z, include_m : bool, default False
If both are False, return XY (2D) geometries.
If both are True, return XYZM (4D) geometries.
If either are True, return XYZ or XYM (3D) geometries.
If a geometry has no Z or M dimension, extra coordinate data will be NaN.
.. versionadded:: 2.1.0
The ``include_m`` parameter was added to support XYM (3D) and
XYZM (4D) geometries available with GEOS 3.12.0 or later.
With older GEOS versions, M dimension coordinates will be NaN.
return_index : bool, default False
If True, also return the index of each returned geometry as a separate
ndarray of integers. For multidimensional arrays, this indexes into the
flattened array (in C contiguous order).
Notes
-----
.. deprecated:: 2.1.0
A deprecation warning is shown if ``include_z`` or ``return_index`` are
specified as positional arguments. In a future release, these will
need to be specified as keyword arguments.
Examples
--------
>>> import shapely
>>> from shapely import LineString, Point
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(Point(1, 2)).tolist()
[[1.0, 2.0]]
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(LineString([(2, 2), (4, 4)])).tolist()
[[2.0, 2.0], [4.0, 4.0]]
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(None)
array([], shape=(0, 2), dtype=float64)
By default the third dimension is ignored:
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(Point(1, 2, 3)).tolist()
[[1.0, 2.0]]
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(Point(1, 2, 3), include_z=True).tolist()
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]]
If geometries don't have Z or M dimension, these values will be NaN:
>>> pt = Point(1, 2)
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(pt, include_z=True).tolist()
[[1.0, 2.0, nan]]
>>> shapely.get_coordinates(pt, include_z=True, include_m=True).tolist()
[[1.0, 2.0, nan, nan]]
When ``return_index=True``, indexes are returned also:
>>> geometries = [LineString([(2, 2), (4, 4)]), Point(0, 0)]
>>> coordinates, index = shapely.get_coordinates(geometries, return_index=True)
>>> coordinates.tolist(), index.tolist()
([[2.0, 2.0], [4.0, 4.0], [0.0, 0.0]], [0, 0, 1])
"""
return lib.get_coordinates(
np.asarray(geometry, dtype=np.object_), include_z, include_m, return_index
)
def set_coordinates(geometry, coordinates):
"""Adapts the coordinates of a geometry array in-place.
If the coordinates array has shape (N, 2), all returned geometries
will be two-dimensional, and the third dimension will be discarded,
if present. If the coordinates array has shape (N, 3), the returned
geometries preserve the dimensionality of the input geometries.
.. warning::
The geometry array is modified in-place! If you do not want to
modify the original array, you can do
``set_coordinates(arr.copy(), newcoords)``.
Parameters
----------
geometry : Geometry or array_like
Geometry or geometries to set the coordinates of.
coordinates: array_like
An array of coordinates to set.
See Also
--------
transform : Returns a copy of a geometry array with a function applied to its
coordinates.
Examples
--------
>>> import shapely
>>> from shapely import LineString, Point
>>> shapely.set_coordinates(Point(0, 0), [[1, 1]])
<POINT (1 1)>
>>> shapely.set_coordinates(
... [Point(0, 0), LineString([(0, 0), (0, 0)])],
... [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]
... ).tolist()
[<POINT (1 2)>, <LINESTRING (3 4, 5 6)>]
>>> shapely.set_coordinates([None, Point(0, 0)], [[1, 2]]).tolist()
[None, <POINT (1 2)>]
Third dimension of input geometry is discarded if coordinates array does
not include one:
>>> shapely.set_coordinates(Point(0, 0, 0), [[1, 1]])
<POINT (1 1)>
>>> shapely.set_coordinates(Point(0, 0, 0), [[1, 1, 1]])
<POINT Z (1 1 1)>
"""
geometry_arr = np.asarray(geometry, dtype=np.object_)
coordinates = np.atleast_2d(np.asarray(coordinates)).astype(np.float64)
if coordinates.ndim != 2:
raise ValueError(
f"The coordinate array should have dimension of 2 (has {coordinates.ndim})"
)
n_coords = lib.count_coordinates(geometry_arr)
if (coordinates.shape[0] != n_coords) or (coordinates.shape[1] not in {2, 3}):
raise ValueError(
f"The coordinate array has an invalid shape {coordinates.shape}"
)
lib.set_coordinates(geometry_arr, coordinates)
if geometry_arr.ndim == 0 and not isinstance(geometry, np.ndarray):
return geometry_arr.item()
return geometry_arr