Docling/docling/backend/md_backend.py
Panos Vagenas 7c5614a37a
fix(markdown): fix single-formatted headings & list items (#1820)
* fix(markdown): fix formatting & inline edge cases (show behavior before change)

Signed-off-by: Panos Vagenas <pva@zurich.ibm.com>

* add change and updated test data

Signed-off-by: Panos Vagenas <pva@zurich.ibm.com>

* update lock

Signed-off-by: Panos Vagenas <pva@zurich.ibm.com>

* improve test case

Signed-off-by: Panos Vagenas <pva@zurich.ibm.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Panos Vagenas <pva@zurich.ibm.com>
2025-06-25 13:05:06 +02:00

542 lines
20 KiB
Python

import logging
import re
import warnings
from copy import deepcopy
from enum import Enum
from io import BytesIO
from pathlib import Path
from typing import List, Literal, Optional, Set, Union
import marko
import marko.element
import marko.inline
from docling_core.types.doc import (
DocItemLabel,
DoclingDocument,
DocumentOrigin,
GroupLabel,
NodeItem,
TableCell,
TableData,
TextItem,
)
from docling_core.types.doc.document import Formatting, OrderedList, UnorderedList
from marko import Markdown
from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, Field, TypeAdapter
from typing_extensions import Annotated
from docling.backend.abstract_backend import DeclarativeDocumentBackend
from docling.backend.html_backend import HTMLDocumentBackend
from docling.datamodel.base_models import InputFormat
from docling.datamodel.document import InputDocument
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_MARKER_BODY = "DOCLING_DOC_MD_HTML_EXPORT"
_START_MARKER = f"#_#_{_MARKER_BODY}_START_#_#"
_STOP_MARKER = f"#_#_{_MARKER_BODY}_STOP_#_#"
class _PendingCreationType(str, Enum):
"""CoordOrigin."""
HEADING = "heading"
LIST_ITEM = "list_item"
class _HeadingCreationPayload(BaseModel):
kind: Literal["heading"] = "heading"
level: int
class _ListItemCreationPayload(BaseModel):
kind: Literal["list_item"] = "list_item"
_CreationPayload = Annotated[
Union[
_HeadingCreationPayload,
_ListItemCreationPayload,
],
Field(discriminator="kind"),
]
class MarkdownDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
def _shorten_underscore_sequences(self, markdown_text: str, max_length: int = 10):
# This regex will match any sequence of underscores
pattern = r"_+"
def replace_match(match):
underscore_sequence = match.group(
0
) # Get the full match (sequence of underscores)
# Shorten the sequence if it exceeds max_length
if len(underscore_sequence) > max_length:
return "_" * max_length
else:
return underscore_sequence # Leave it unchanged if it is shorter or equal to max_length
# Use re.sub to replace long underscore sequences
shortened_text = re.sub(pattern, replace_match, markdown_text)
if len(shortened_text) != len(markdown_text):
warnings.warn("Detected potentially incorrect Markdown, correcting...")
return shortened_text
def __init__(self, in_doc: "InputDocument", path_or_stream: Union[BytesIO, Path]):
super().__init__(in_doc, path_or_stream)
_log.debug("MD INIT!!!")
# Markdown file:
self.path_or_stream = path_or_stream
self.valid = True
self.markdown = "" # To store original Markdown string
self.in_table = False
self.md_table_buffer: list[str] = []
self._html_blocks: int = 0
try:
if isinstance(self.path_or_stream, BytesIO):
text_stream = self.path_or_stream.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
# remove invalid sequences
# very long sequences of underscores will lead to unnecessary long processing times.
# In any proper Markdown files, underscores have to be escaped,
# otherwise they represent emphasis (bold or italic)
self.markdown = self._shorten_underscore_sequences(text_stream)
if isinstance(self.path_or_stream, Path):
with open(self.path_or_stream, encoding="utf-8") as f:
md_content = f.read()
# remove invalid sequences
# very long sequences of underscores will lead to unnecessary long processing times.
# In any proper Markdown files, underscores have to be escaped,
# otherwise they represent emphasis (bold or italic)
self.markdown = self._shorten_underscore_sequences(md_content)
self.valid = True
_log.debug(self.markdown)
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Could not initialize MD backend for file with hash {self.document_hash}."
) from e
return
def _close_table(self, doc: DoclingDocument):
if self.in_table:
_log.debug("=== TABLE START ===")
for md_table_row in self.md_table_buffer:
_log.debug(md_table_row)
_log.debug("=== TABLE END ===")
tcells: List[TableCell] = []
result_table = []
for n, md_table_row in enumerate(self.md_table_buffer):
data = []
if n == 0:
header = [t.strip() for t in md_table_row.split("|")[1:-1]]
for value in header:
data.append(value)
result_table.append(data)
if n > 1:
values = [t.strip() for t in md_table_row.split("|")[1:-1]]
for value in values:
data.append(value)
result_table.append(data)
for trow_ind, trow in enumerate(result_table):
for tcol_ind, cellval in enumerate(trow):
row_span = (
1 # currently supporting just simple tables (without spans)
)
col_span = (
1 # currently supporting just simple tables (without spans)
)
icell = TableCell(
text=cellval.strip(),
row_span=row_span,
col_span=col_span,
start_row_offset_idx=trow_ind,
end_row_offset_idx=trow_ind + row_span,
start_col_offset_idx=tcol_ind,
end_col_offset_idx=tcol_ind + col_span,
column_header=trow_ind == 0,
row_header=False,
)
tcells.append(icell)
num_rows = len(result_table)
num_cols = len(result_table[0])
self.in_table = False
self.md_table_buffer = [] # clean table markdown buffer
# Initialize Docling TableData
table_data = TableData(
num_rows=num_rows, num_cols=num_cols, table_cells=tcells
)
# Populate
for tcell in tcells:
table_data.table_cells.append(tcell)
if len(tcells) > 0:
doc.add_table(data=table_data)
return
def _create_list_item(
self,
doc: DoclingDocument,
parent_item: Optional[NodeItem],
text: str,
formatting: Optional[Formatting] = None,
hyperlink: Optional[Union[AnyUrl, Path]] = None,
):
if not isinstance(parent_item, (OrderedList, UnorderedList)):
_log.warning("ListItem would have not had a list parent, adding one.")
parent_item = doc.add_unordered_list(parent=parent_item)
item = doc.add_list_item(
text=text,
enumerated=(isinstance(parent_item, OrderedList)),
parent=parent_item,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
return item
def _create_heading_item(
self,
doc: DoclingDocument,
parent_item: Optional[NodeItem],
text: str,
level: int,
formatting: Optional[Formatting] = None,
hyperlink: Optional[Union[AnyUrl, Path]] = None,
):
if level == 1:
item = doc.add_title(
text=text,
parent=parent_item,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
else:
item = doc.add_heading(
text=text,
level=level - 1,
parent=parent_item,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
return item
def _iterate_elements( # noqa: C901
self,
*,
element: marko.element.Element,
depth: int,
doc: DoclingDocument,
visited: Set[marko.element.Element],
creation_stack: list[
_CreationPayload
], # stack for lazy item creation triggered deep in marko's AST (on RawText)
parent_item: Optional[NodeItem] = None,
formatting: Optional[Formatting] = None,
hyperlink: Optional[Union[AnyUrl, Path]] = None,
):
if element in visited:
return
# Iterates over all elements in the AST
# Check for different element types and process relevant details
if isinstance(element, marko.block.Heading) and len(element.children) > 0:
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(
f" - Heading level {element.level}, content: {element.children[0].children}" # type: ignore
)
if len(element.children) > 1: # inline group will be created further down
parent_item = self._create_heading_item(
doc=doc,
parent_item=parent_item,
text="",
level=element.level,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
else:
creation_stack.append(_HeadingCreationPayload(level=element.level))
elif isinstance(element, marko.block.List):
has_non_empty_list_items = False
for child in element.children:
if isinstance(child, marko.block.ListItem) and len(child.children) > 0:
has_non_empty_list_items = True
break
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(f" - List {'ordered' if element.ordered else 'unordered'}")
if has_non_empty_list_items:
label = GroupLabel.ORDERED_LIST if element.ordered else GroupLabel.LIST
parent_item = doc.add_group(
label=label, name="list", parent=parent_item
)
elif (
isinstance(element, marko.block.ListItem)
and len(element.children) == 1
and isinstance((child := element.children[0]), marko.block.Paragraph)
and len(child.children) > 0
):
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(" - List item")
if len(child.children) > 1: # inline group will be created further down
parent_item = self._create_list_item(
doc=doc,
parent_item=parent_item,
text="",
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
else:
creation_stack.append(_ListItemCreationPayload())
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.Image):
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(f" - Image with alt: {element.title}, url: {element.dest}")
fig_caption: Optional[TextItem] = None
if element.title is not None and element.title != "":
fig_caption = doc.add_text(
label=DocItemLabel.CAPTION,
text=element.title,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
doc.add_picture(parent=parent_item, caption=fig_caption)
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.Emphasis):
_log.debug(f" - Emphasis: {element.children}")
formatting = deepcopy(formatting) if formatting else Formatting()
formatting.italic = True
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.StrongEmphasis):
_log.debug(f" - StrongEmphasis: {element.children}")
formatting = deepcopy(formatting) if formatting else Formatting()
formatting.bold = True
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.Link):
_log.debug(f" - Link: {element.children}")
hyperlink = TypeAdapter(Optional[Union[AnyUrl, Path]]).validate_python(
element.dest
)
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.RawText):
_log.debug(f" - Paragraph (raw text): {element.children}")
snippet_text = element.children.strip()
# Detect start of the table:
if "|" in snippet_text:
# most likely part of the markdown table
self.in_table = True
if len(self.md_table_buffer) > 0:
self.md_table_buffer[len(self.md_table_buffer) - 1] += snippet_text
else:
self.md_table_buffer.append(snippet_text)
elif snippet_text:
self._close_table(doc)
if creation_stack:
while len(creation_stack) > 0:
to_create = creation_stack.pop()
if isinstance(to_create, _ListItemCreationPayload):
parent_item = self._create_list_item(
doc=doc,
parent_item=parent_item,
text=snippet_text,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
elif isinstance(to_create, _HeadingCreationPayload):
# not keeping as parent_item as logic for correctly tracking
# that not implemented yet (section components not captured
# as heading children in marko)
self._create_heading_item(
doc=doc,
parent_item=parent_item,
text=snippet_text,
level=to_create.level,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
else:
doc.add_text(
label=DocItemLabel.TEXT,
parent=parent_item,
text=snippet_text,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.CodeSpan):
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(f" - Code Span: {element.children}")
snippet_text = str(element.children).strip()
doc.add_code(
parent=parent_item,
text=snippet_text,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
elif (
isinstance(element, (marko.block.CodeBlock, marko.block.FencedCode))
and len(element.children) > 0
and isinstance((child := element.children[0]), marko.inline.RawText)
and len(snippet_text := (child.children.strip())) > 0
):
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(f" - Code Block: {element.children}")
doc.add_code(
parent=parent_item,
text=snippet_text,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
elif isinstance(element, marko.inline.LineBreak):
if self.in_table:
_log.debug("Line break in a table")
self.md_table_buffer.append("")
elif isinstance(element, marko.block.HTMLBlock):
self._html_blocks += 1
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(f"HTML Block: {element}")
if (
len(element.body) > 0
): # If Marko doesn't return any content for HTML block, skip it
html_block = element.body.strip()
# wrap in markers to enable post-processing in convert()
text_to_add = f"{_START_MARKER}{html_block}{_STOP_MARKER}"
doc.add_code(
parent=parent_item,
text=text_to_add,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
else:
if not isinstance(element, str):
self._close_table(doc)
_log.debug(f"Some other element: {element}")
if (
isinstance(element, (marko.block.Paragraph, marko.block.Heading))
and len(element.children) > 1
):
parent_item = doc.add_inline_group(parent=parent_item)
processed_block_types = (
marko.block.CodeBlock,
marko.block.FencedCode,
marko.inline.RawText,
)
# Iterate through the element's children (if any)
if hasattr(element, "children") and not isinstance(
element, processed_block_types
):
for child in element.children:
self._iterate_elements(
element=child,
depth=depth + 1,
doc=doc,
visited=visited,
creation_stack=creation_stack,
parent_item=parent_item,
formatting=formatting,
hyperlink=hyperlink,
)
def is_valid(self) -> bool:
return self.valid
def unload(self):
if isinstance(self.path_or_stream, BytesIO):
self.path_or_stream.close()
self.path_or_stream = None
@classmethod
def supports_pagination(cls) -> bool:
return False
@classmethod
def supported_formats(cls) -> Set[InputFormat]:
return {InputFormat.MD}
def convert(self) -> DoclingDocument:
_log.debug("converting Markdown...")
origin = DocumentOrigin(
filename=self.file.name or "file",
mimetype="text/markdown",
binary_hash=self.document_hash,
)
doc = DoclingDocument(name=self.file.stem or "file", origin=origin)
if self.is_valid():
# Parse the markdown into an abstract syntax tree (AST)
marko_parser = Markdown()
parsed_ast = marko_parser.parse(self.markdown)
# Start iterating from the root of the AST
self._iterate_elements(
element=parsed_ast,
depth=0,
doc=doc,
parent_item=None,
visited=set(),
creation_stack=[],
)
self._close_table(doc=doc) # handle any last hanging table
# if HTML blocks were detected, export to HTML and delegate to HTML backend
if self._html_blocks > 0:
# export to HTML
html_backend_cls = HTMLDocumentBackend
html_str = doc.export_to_html()
def _restore_original_html(txt, regex):
_txt, count = re.subn(regex, "", txt)
if count != self._html_blocks:
raise RuntimeError(
"An internal error has occurred during Markdown conversion."
)
return _txt
# restore original HTML by removing previously added markers
for regex in [
rf"<pre>\s*<code>\s*{_START_MARKER}",
rf"{_STOP_MARKER}\s*</code>\s*</pre>",
]:
html_str = _restore_original_html(txt=html_str, regex=regex)
self._html_blocks = 0
# delegate to HTML backend
stream = BytesIO(bytes(html_str, encoding="utf-8"))
in_doc = InputDocument(
path_or_stream=stream,
format=InputFormat.HTML,
backend=html_backend_cls,
filename=self.file.name,
)
html_backend_obj = html_backend_cls(
in_doc=in_doc, path_or_stream=stream
)
doc = html_backend_obj.convert()
else:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Cannot convert md with {self.document_hash} because the backend failed to init."
)
return doc