diff --git a/docling/backend/html_backend.py b/docling/backend/html_backend.py
index 535f62f..943592a 100644
--- a/docling/backend/html_backend.py
+++ b/docling/backend/html_backend.py
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ class HTMLDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
hlevel = int(element.name.replace("h", ""))
text = element.text.strip()
- if hlevel == 1:
- self.content_layer = ContentLayer.BODY
+ self.content_layer = ContentLayer.BODY
+ if hlevel == 1:
for key in self.parents.keys():
self.parents[key] = None
diff --git a/docling/backend/md_backend.py b/docling/backend/md_backend.py
index a8cae1c..f83dd2d 100644
--- a/docling/backend/md_backend.py
+++ b/docling/backend/md_backend.py
@@ -212,9 +212,16 @@ class MarkdownDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
traverse(element)
snippet_text = "".join(strings)
if len(snippet_text) > 0:
- parent_item = doc.add_text(
- label=doc_label, parent=parent_item, text=snippet_text
- )
+ if doc_label == DocItemLabel.SECTION_HEADER:
+ parent_item = doc.add_heading(
+ text=snippet_text,
+ level=element.level - 1,
+ parent=parent_item,
+ )
+ else:
+ parent_item = doc.add_text(
+ label=doc_label, parent=parent_item, text=snippet_text
+ )
elif isinstance(element, marko.block.List):
has_non_empty_list_items = False
@@ -232,12 +239,15 @@ class MarkdownDocumentBackend(DeclarativeDocumentBackend):
label=label, name=f"list", parent=parent_item
)
- elif isinstance(element, marko.block.ListItem) and len(element.children) > 0:
+ elif (
+ isinstance(element, marko.block.ListItem)
+ and len(element.children) > 0
+ and isinstance((first_child := element.children[0]), marko.block.Paragraph)
+ ):
self._close_table(doc)
self._process_inline_text(parent_item, doc)
_log.debug(" - List item")
- first_child = element.children[0]
snippet_text = str(first_child.children[0].children) # type: ignore
is_numbered = False
if (
diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/mixed_without_h1.md.md b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/mixed_without_h1.md.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f76d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/mixed_without_h1.md.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+## Some heading
+
+- A. first
+ - subitem
+- B. second
+ 1. strange
+
+The end!
diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt
index 1ac0bf6..c0f5fdc 100644
--- a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt
+++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt
@@ -1,416 +1,458 @@
item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_
- item-1 at level 1: title: Duck
- item-2 at level 2: list: group list
- item-3 at level 3: list_item: Acèh
- item-4 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans
- item-5 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch
- item-6 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ
- item-7 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc
- item-8 at level 3: list_item: العربية
- item-9 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés
- item-10 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ
- item-11 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti
- item-12 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu
- item-13 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw
- item-14 at level 3: list_item: Авар
- item-15 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru
- item-16 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه
- item-17 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali
- item-18 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা
- item-19 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
- item-20 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская
- item-21 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
- item-22 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central
- item-23 at level 3: list_item: Български
- item-24 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg
- item-25 at level 3: list_item: Буряад
- item-26 at level 3: list_item: Català
- item-27 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла
- item-28 at level 3: list_item: Čeština
- item-29 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona
- item-30 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg
- item-31 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli
- item-32 at level 3: list_item: Dansk
- item-33 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch
- item-34 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch
- item-35 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली
- item-36 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά
- item-37 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl
- item-38 at level 3: list_item: Español
- item-39 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto
- item-40 at level 3: list_item: Euskara
- item-41 at level 3: list_item: فارسی
- item-42 at level 3: list_item: Français
- item-43 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge
- item-44 at level 3: list_item: Galego
- item-45 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай
- item-46 at level 3: list_item: 贛語
- item-47 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی
- item-48 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
- item-49 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
- item-50 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî
- item-51 at level 3: list_item: 한국어
- item-52 at level 3: list_item: Hausa
- item-53 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն
- item-54 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी
- item-55 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski
- item-56 at level 3: list_item: Ido
- item-57 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia
- item-58 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun
- item-59 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska
- item-60 at level 3: list_item: Italiano
- item-61 at level 3: list_item: עברית
- item-62 at level 3: list_item: Jawa
- item-63 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ
- item-64 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan
- item-65 at level 3: list_item: ქართული
- item-66 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر
- item-67 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша
- item-68 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi
- item-69 at level 3: list_item: Kongo
- item-70 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen
- item-71 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары
- item-72 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ
- item-73 at level 3: list_item: Latina
- item-74 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu
- item-75 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių
- item-76 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha
- item-77 at level 3: list_item: Ligure
- item-78 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs
- item-79 at level 3: list_item: Lingála
- item-80 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy
- item-81 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം
- item-82 at level 3: list_item: मराठी
- item-83 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی
- item-84 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu
- item-85 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
- item-86 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
- item-87 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень
- item-88 at level 3: list_item: Монгол
- item-89 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ
- item-90 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands
- item-91 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies
- item-92 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली
- item-93 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा
- item-94 at level 3: list_item: 日本語
- item-95 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн
- item-96 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk
- item-97 at level 3: list_item: Occitan
- item-98 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo
- item-99 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
- item-100 at level 3: list_item: Picard
- item-101 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch
- item-102 at level 3: list_item: Polski
- item-103 at level 3: list_item: Português
- item-104 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca
- item-105 at level 3: list_item: Română
- item-106 at level 3: list_item: Русский
- item-107 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла
- item-108 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
- item-109 at level 3: list_item: Sardu
- item-110 at level 3: list_item: Scots
- item-111 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk
- item-112 at level 3: list_item: Shqip
- item-113 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu
- item-114 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල
- item-115 at level 3: list_item: Simple English
- item-116 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي
- item-117 at level 3: list_item: کوردی
- item-118 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski
- item-119 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
- item-120 at level 3: list_item: Sunda
- item-121 at level 3: list_item: Svenska
- item-122 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog
- item-123 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ்
- item-124 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit
- item-125 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça
- item-126 at level 3: list_item: ไทย
- item-127 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe
- item-128 at level 3: list_item: Українська
- item-129 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
- item-130 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh
- item-131 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt
- item-132 at level 3: list_item: Walon
- item-133 at level 3: list_item: 文言
- item-134 at level 3: list_item: Winaray
- item-135 at level 3: list_item: 吴语
- item-136 at level 3: list_item: 粵語
- item-137 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška
- item-138 at level 3: list_item: 中文
- item-139 at level 2: list: group list
- item-140 at level 3: list_item: Article
- item-141 at level 3: list_item: Talk
- item-142 at level 2: list: group list
- item-143 at level 2: list: group list
- item-144 at level 3: list_item: Read
- item-145 at level 3: list_item: View source
- item-146 at level 3: list_item: View history
- item-147 at level 2: text: Tools
- item-148 at level 2: text: Actions
- item-149 at level 2: list: group list
- item-150 at level 3: list_item: Read
- item-151 at level 3: list_item: View source
- item-152 at level 3: list_item: View history
- item-153 at level 2: text: General
- item-154 at level 2: list: group list
- item-155 at level 3: list_item: What links here
- item-156 at level 3: list_item: Related changes
- item-157 at level 3: list_item: Upload file
- item-158 at level 3: list_item: Special pages
- item-159 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link
- item-160 at level 3: list_item: Page information
- item-161 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page
- item-162 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL
- item-163 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code
- item-164 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item
- item-165 at level 2: text: Print/export
- item-166 at level 2: list: group list
- item-167 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF
- item-168 at level 3: list_item: Printable version
- item-169 at level 2: text: In other projects
- item-170 at level 2: list: group list
- item-171 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons
- item-172 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote
- item-173 at level 2: text: Appearance
- item-174 at level 2: picture
- item-175 at level 2: text: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- item-176 at level 2: text: Common name for many species of bird
- item-177 at level 2: text: This article is about the bird. ... as a food, see . For other uses, see .
- item-178 at level 2: text: "Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see .
- item-179 at level 2: table with [13x2]
- item-180 at level 2: text: Duck is the common name for nume ... und in both fresh water and sea water.
- item-181 at level 2: text: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... divers, grebes, gallinules and coots.
- item-182 at level 2: section_header: Etymology
- item-183 at level 3: text: The word duck comes from Old Eng ... h duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'.
- item-184 at level 3: picture
- item-184 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
- item-185 at level 3: text: This word replaced Old English e ... nskrit ātí 'water bird', among others.
- item-186 at level 3: text: A duckling is a young duck in do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling.
- item-187 at level 3: text: A male is called a drake and the ... a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4]
- item-188 at level 3: picture
- item-188 at level 4: caption: Male mallard.
- item-189 at level 3: picture
- item-189 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks.
- item-190 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy
- item-191 at level 3: text: All ducks belong to the biologic ... ationships between various species.[9]
- item-192 at level 3: picture
- item-192 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach
- item-193 at level 3: text: In most modern classifications, ... all size and stiff, upright tails.[14]
- item-194 at level 3: text: A number of other species called ... shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15]
- item-195 at level 2: section_header: Morphology
- item-196 at level 3: picture
- item-196 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck
- item-197 at level 3: text: The overall body plan of ducks i ... is moult typically precedes migration.
- item-198 at level 3: text: The drakes of northern species o ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape.
- item-199 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat
- item-200 at level 3: picture
- item-200 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
- item-201 at level 3: text: Ducks have a cosmopolitan distri ... endemic to such far-flung islands.[21]
- item-202 at level 3: picture
- item-202 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
- item-203 at level 3: text: Some duck species, mainly those ... t form after localised heavy rain.[23]
- item-204 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour
- item-205 at level 3: section_header: Feeding
- item-206 at level 4: picture
- item-206 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill
- item-207 at level 4: picture
- item-207 at level 5: caption: Mallard duckling preening
- item-208 at level 4: text: Ducks eat food sources such as g ... amphibians, worms, and small molluscs.
- item-209 at level 4: text: Dabbling ducks feed on the surfa ... thers and to hold slippery food items.
- item-210 at level 4: text: Diving ducks and sea ducks forag ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly.
- item-211 at level 4: text: A few specialized species such a ... apted to catch and swallow large fish.
- item-212 at level 4: text: The others have the characterist ... e nostrils come out through hard horn.
- item-213 at level 4: text: The Guardian published an articl ... the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]
- item-214 at level 3: section_header: Breeding
- item-215 at level 4: picture
- item-215 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling
- item-216 at level 4: text: Ducks generally only have one pa ... st and led her ducklings to water.[28]
- item-217 at level 3: section_header: Communication
- item-218 at level 4: text: Female mallard ducks (as well as ... laying calls or quieter contact calls.
- item-219 at level 4: text: A common urban legend claims tha ... annel television show MythBusters.[32]
- item-220 at level 3: section_header: Predators
- item-221 at level 4: picture
- item-221 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal
- item-222 at level 4: text: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... or large birds, such as hawks or owls.
- item-223 at level 4: text: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... its speed and strength to catch ducks.
- item-224 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans
- item-225 at level 3: section_header: Hunting
- item-226 at level 4: text: Humans have hunted ducks since p ... evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]
- item-227 at level 4: text: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... inated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]
- item-228 at level 3: section_header: Domestication
- item-229 at level 4: picture
- item-229 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
- item-230 at level 4: text: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).[48]
- item-231 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry
- item-232 at level 4: picture
- item-232 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
- item-233 at level 4: text: Ducks appear on several coats of ... the coat of arms of Föglö (Åland).[51]
- item-234 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references
- item-235 at level 4: text: In 2002, psychologist Richard Wi ... 54] and was made into a movie in 1986.
- item-236 at level 4: text: The 1992 Disney film The Mighty ... Ducks minor league baseball team.[55]
- item-237 at level 2: section_header: See also
- item-238 at level 3: list: group list
- item-239 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal
- item-240 at level 3: list: group list
- item-241 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck
- item-242 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food
- item-243 at level 4: list_item: Duck test
- item-244 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds
- item-245 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks
- item-246 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck
- item-247 at level 2: section_header: Notes
- item-248 at level 3: section_header: Citations
- item-249 at level 4: ordered_list: group ordered list
- item-250 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". The American Herit ... n Company. 2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
- item-251 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". Kernerman English ... Ltd. 2000–2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
- item-252 at level 5: list_item: ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). ... University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139.
- item-253 at level 5: list_item: ^ Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (20 ... Publishing Group. ISBN 9780823961566.
- item-254 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d Carboneras 1992, p. 536.
- item-255 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livezey 1986, pp. 737–738.
- item-256 at level 5: list_item: ^ Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988, p. 452.
- item-257 at level 5: list_item: ^ Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002, pp. 353–354.
- item-258 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f Carboneras 1992, p. 540.
- item-259 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 191.
- item-260 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 448.
- item-261 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 622–623.
- item-262 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 686.
- item-263 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 193.
- item-264 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f g Carboneras 1992, p. 537.
- item-265 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998, p. xix.
- item-266 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998.
- item-267 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carboneras 1992, p. 538.
- item-268 at level 5: list_item: ^ Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 62.
- item-269 at level 5: list_item: ^ Shirihai 2008, pp. 239, 245.
- item-270 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987, pp. 98–107.
- item-271 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, pp. 52–3.
- item-272 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Pacific Black Duck". www.wiresnr.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
- item-273 at level 5: list_item: ^ Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Ducks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
- item-274 at level 5: list_item: ^ Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015) ... Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
- item-275 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mi ... 4615-6787-5_4. ISBN 978-1-4615-6789-9.
- item-276 at level 5: list_item: ^ Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; ... 093/condor/102.1.201. hdl:10315/13797.
- item-277 at level 5: list_item: ^ "If You Find An Orphaned Duckl ... l on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
- item-278 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carver, Heather (2011). The Du ... 9780557901562.[self-published source]
- item-279 at level 5: list_item: ^ Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). Bir ... man & Littlefield. ISBN 9780762797707.
- item-280 at level 5: list_item: ^ Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). " ... kers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
- item-281 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Mythbusters Episode 8". 12 December 2003.
- item-282 at level 5: list_item: ^ Erlandson 1994, p. 171.
- item-283 at level 5: list_item: ^ Jeffries 2008, pp. 168, 243.
- item-284 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Sued-Badillo 2003, p. 65.
- item-285 at level 5: list_item: ^ Thorpe 1996, p. 68.
- item-286 at level 5: list_item: ^ Maisels 1999, p. 42.
- item-287 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rau 1876, p. 133.
- item-288 at level 5: list_item: ^ Higman 2012, p. 23.
- item-289 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 53.
- item-290 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 52.
- item-291 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fieldhouse 2002, p. 167.
- item-292 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01) ... Editions, Limited. ISBN 9781853263774.
- item-293 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Study plan for waterfowl inju ... on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
- item-294 at level 5: list_item: ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-10-25.
- item-295 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic ... . Digimorph.org. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
- item-296 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sy Montgomery. "Mallard; Encyc ... Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
- item-297 at level 5: list_item: ^ Glenday, Craig (2014). Guinnes ... ited. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9.
- item-298 at level 5: list_item: ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in F ... tto. 1982. p. 147. ISBN 951-773-085-3.
- item-299 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Lubānas simbolika" (in Latvian). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- item-300 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Föglö" (in Swedish). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- item-301 at level 5: list_item: ^ Young, Emma. "World's funniest ... w Scientist. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- item-302 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Howard the Duck (character)". Grand Comics Database.
- item-303 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Lau ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck.
- item-304 at level 5: list_item: ^ "The Duck". University of Oregon Athletics. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
- item-305 at level 3: section_header: Sources
- item-306 at level 4: list: group list
- item-307 at level 5: list_item: American Ornithologists' Union ( ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
- item-308 at level 5: list_item: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8.
- item-309 at level 5: list_item: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E ... ro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
- item-310 at level 5: list_item: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... /S1055-7903(02)00019-2. PMID 12099792.
- item-311 at level 5: list_item: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6250-4.
- item-312 at level 5: list_item: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). Early ... usiness Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-3231-0.
- item-313 at level 5: list_item: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). Food, F ... ara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4.
- item-314 at level 5: list_item: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5.
- item-315 at level 5: list_item: Higman, B. W. (2012). How Food M ... Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8947-7.
- item-316 at level 5: list_item: Hume, Julian H. (2012). Extinct ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5.
- item-317 at level 5: list_item: Jeffries, Richard (2008). Holoce ... Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1658-7.
- item-318 at level 5: list_item: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861009-0.
- item-319 at level 5: list_item: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 198 ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
- item-320 at level 5: list_item: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
- item-321 at level 5: list_item: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). E ... on: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10975-8.
- item-322 at level 5: list_item: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phill ... University Press. ISBN 0-691-02399-9.
- item-323 at level 5: list_item: Rau, Charles (1876). Early Man i ... ork: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 05040168.
- item-324 at level 5: list_item: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). A Comp ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13666-0.
- item-325 at level 5: list_item: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). Auto ... Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103832-7.
- item-326 at level 5: list_item: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). The Origin ... rk: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08009-5.
- item-327 at level 2: section_header: External links
- item-328 at level 3: list: group list
- item-329 at level 4: list_item: Definitions from Wiktionary
- item-330 at level 4: list_item: Media from Commons
- item-331 at level 4: list_item: Quotations from Wikiquote
- item-332 at level 4: list_item: Recipes from Wikibooks
- item-333 at level 4: list_item: Taxa from Wikispecies
- item-334 at level 4: list_item: Data from Wikidata
- item-335 at level 3: list: group list
- item-336 at level 4: list_item: list of books (useful looking abstracts)
- item-337 at level 4: list_item: Ducks on postage stamps Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
- item-338 at level 4: list_item: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hine ... uide to identification of US waterfowl
- item-339 at level 3: table with [3x2]
- item-340 at level 3: picture
- item-341 at level 3: text: Retrieved from ""
- item-342 at level 3: text: :
- item-343 at level 3: list: group list
- item-344 at level 4: list_item: Ducks
- item-345 at level 4: list_item: Game birds
- item-346 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names
- item-347 at level 3: text: Hidden categories:
- item-348 at level 3: list: group list
- item-349 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes
- item-350 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020
- item-351 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
- item-352 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)
- item-353 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)
- item-354 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description
- item-355 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata
- item-356 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
- item-357 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
- item-358 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats
- item-359 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text
- item-360 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text
- item-361 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text
- item-362 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text
- item-363 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text
- item-364 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
- item-365 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources
- item-366 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020
- item-367 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements
- item-368 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022
- item-369 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value
- item-370 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch
- item-371 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
- item-372 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links
- item-373 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links
- item-374 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips
- item-375 at level 3: list: group list
- item-376 at level 4: list_item: This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 12:11 (UTC).
- item-377 at level 4: list_item: Text is available under the Crea ... tion, Inc., a non-profit organization.
- item-378 at level 3: list: group list
- item-379 at level 4: list_item: Privacy policy
- item-380 at level 4: list_item: About Wikipedia
- item-381 at level 4: list_item: Disclaimers
- item-382 at level 4: list_item: Contact Wikipedia
- item-383 at level 4: list_item: Code of Conduct
- item-384 at level 4: list_item: Developers
- item-385 at level 4: list_item: Statistics
- item-386 at level 4: list_item: Cookie statement
- item-387 at level 4: list_item: Mobile view
- item-388 at level 3: list: group list
- item-389 at level 3: list: group list
- item-390 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
- item-391 at level 1: caption: Male mallard.
- item-392 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks.
- item-393 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach
- item-394 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck
- item-395 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
- item-396 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
- item-397 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill
- item-398 at level 1: caption: Mallard duckling preening
- item-399 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling
- item-400 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal
- item-401 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
- item-402 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
\ No newline at end of file
+ item-1 at level 1: section: group header-1
+ item-2 at level 2: section_header: Contents
+ item-3 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-4 at level 4: list_item: (Top)
+ item-5 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology
+ item-6 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-7 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy
+ item-8 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-9 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology
+ item-10 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-11 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat
+ item-12 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-13 at level 4: list_item: 5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection
+ item-14 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-15 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding
+ item-16 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-17 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding
+ item-18 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-19 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication
+ item-20 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-21 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators
+ item-22 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-23 at level 4: list_item: 6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection
+ item-24 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-25 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting
+ item-26 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-27 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication
+ item-28 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-29 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry
+ item-30 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-31 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references
+ item-32 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-33 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also
+ item-34 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-35 at level 4: list_item: 8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection
+ item-36 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-37 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations
+ item-38 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-39 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources
+ item-40 at level 7: list: group list
+ item-41 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links
+ item-42 at level 5: list: group list
+ item-43 at level 1: title: Duck
+ item-44 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-45 at level 3: list_item: Acèh
+ item-46 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans
+ item-47 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch
+ item-48 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ
+ item-49 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc
+ item-50 at level 3: list_item: العربية
+ item-51 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés
+ item-52 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ
+ item-53 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti
+ item-54 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu
+ item-55 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw
+ item-56 at level 3: list_item: Авар
+ item-57 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru
+ item-58 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه
+ item-59 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali
+ item-60 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা
+ item-61 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
+ item-62 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская
+ item-63 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
+ item-64 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central
+ item-65 at level 3: list_item: Български
+ item-66 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg
+ item-67 at level 3: list_item: Буряад
+ item-68 at level 3: list_item: Català
+ item-69 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла
+ item-70 at level 3: list_item: Čeština
+ item-71 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona
+ item-72 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg
+ item-73 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli
+ item-74 at level 3: list_item: Dansk
+ item-75 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch
+ item-76 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch
+ item-77 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली
+ item-78 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά
+ item-79 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl
+ item-80 at level 3: list_item: Español
+ item-81 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto
+ item-82 at level 3: list_item: Euskara
+ item-83 at level 3: list_item: فارسی
+ item-84 at level 3: list_item: Français
+ item-85 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge
+ item-86 at level 3: list_item: Galego
+ item-87 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай
+ item-88 at level 3: list_item: 贛語
+ item-89 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی
+ item-90 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
+ item-91 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
+ item-92 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî
+ item-93 at level 3: list_item: 한국어
+ item-94 at level 3: list_item: Hausa
+ item-95 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն
+ item-96 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी
+ item-97 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski
+ item-98 at level 3: list_item: Ido
+ item-99 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia
+ item-100 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun
+ item-101 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska
+ item-102 at level 3: list_item: Italiano
+ item-103 at level 3: list_item: עברית
+ item-104 at level 3: list_item: Jawa
+ item-105 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ
+ item-106 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan
+ item-107 at level 3: list_item: ქართული
+ item-108 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر
+ item-109 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша
+ item-110 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi
+ item-111 at level 3: list_item: Kongo
+ item-112 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen
+ item-113 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары
+ item-114 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ
+ item-115 at level 3: list_item: Latina
+ item-116 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu
+ item-117 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių
+ item-118 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha
+ item-119 at level 3: list_item: Ligure
+ item-120 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs
+ item-121 at level 3: list_item: Lingála
+ item-122 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy
+ item-123 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം
+ item-124 at level 3: list_item: मराठी
+ item-125 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی
+ item-126 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu
+ item-127 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
+ item-128 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
+ item-129 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень
+ item-130 at level 3: list_item: Монгол
+ item-131 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ
+ item-132 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands
+ item-133 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies
+ item-134 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली
+ item-135 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा
+ item-136 at level 3: list_item: 日本語
+ item-137 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн
+ item-138 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk
+ item-139 at level 3: list_item: Occitan
+ item-140 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo
+ item-141 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
+ item-142 at level 3: list_item: Picard
+ item-143 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch
+ item-144 at level 3: list_item: Polski
+ item-145 at level 3: list_item: Português
+ item-146 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca
+ item-147 at level 3: list_item: Română
+ item-148 at level 3: list_item: Русский
+ item-149 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла
+ item-150 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
+ item-151 at level 3: list_item: Sardu
+ item-152 at level 3: list_item: Scots
+ item-153 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk
+ item-154 at level 3: list_item: Shqip
+ item-155 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu
+ item-156 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල
+ item-157 at level 3: list_item: Simple English
+ item-158 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي
+ item-159 at level 3: list_item: کوردی
+ item-160 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski
+ item-161 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
+ item-162 at level 3: list_item: Sunda
+ item-163 at level 3: list_item: Svenska
+ item-164 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog
+ item-165 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ்
+ item-166 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit
+ item-167 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça
+ item-168 at level 3: list_item: ไทย
+ item-169 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe
+ item-170 at level 3: list_item: Українська
+ item-171 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
+ item-172 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh
+ item-173 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt
+ item-174 at level 3: list_item: Walon
+ item-175 at level 3: list_item: 文言
+ item-176 at level 3: list_item: Winaray
+ item-177 at level 3: list_item: 吴语
+ item-178 at level 3: list_item: 粵語
+ item-179 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška
+ item-180 at level 3: list_item: 中文
+ item-181 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-182 at level 3: list_item: Article
+ item-183 at level 3: list_item: Talk
+ item-184 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-185 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-186 at level 3: list_item: Read
+ item-187 at level 3: list_item: View source
+ item-188 at level 3: list_item: View history
+ item-189 at level 2: text: Tools
+ item-190 at level 2: text: Actions
+ item-191 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-192 at level 3: list_item: Read
+ item-193 at level 3: list_item: View source
+ item-194 at level 3: list_item: View history
+ item-195 at level 2: text: General
+ item-196 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-197 at level 3: list_item: What links here
+ item-198 at level 3: list_item: Related changes
+ item-199 at level 3: list_item: Upload file
+ item-200 at level 3: list_item: Special pages
+ item-201 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link
+ item-202 at level 3: list_item: Page information
+ item-203 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page
+ item-204 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL
+ item-205 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code
+ item-206 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item
+ item-207 at level 2: text: Print/export
+ item-208 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-209 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF
+ item-210 at level 3: list_item: Printable version
+ item-211 at level 2: text: In other projects
+ item-212 at level 2: list: group list
+ item-213 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons
+ item-214 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote
+ item-215 at level 2: text: Appearance
+ item-216 at level 2: picture
+ item-217 at level 2: text: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
+ item-218 at level 2: text: Common name for many species of bird
+ item-219 at level 2: text: This article is about the bird. ... as a food, see . For other uses, see .
+ item-220 at level 2: text: "Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see .
+ item-221 at level 2: table with [13x2]
+ item-222 at level 2: text: Duck is the common name for nume ... und in both fresh water and sea water.
+ item-223 at level 2: text: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... divers, grebes, gallinules and coots.
+ item-224 at level 2: section_header: Etymology
+ item-225 at level 3: text: The word duck comes from Old Eng ... h duiken and German tauchen 'to dive'.
+ item-226 at level 3: picture
+ item-226 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
+ item-227 at level 3: text: This word replaced Old English e ... nskrit ātí 'water bird', among others.
+ item-228 at level 3: text: A duckling is a young duck in do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling.
+ item-229 at level 3: text: A male is called a drake and the ... a duck, or in ornithology a hen.[3][4]
+ item-230 at level 3: picture
+ item-230 at level 4: caption: Male mallard.
+ item-231 at level 3: picture
+ item-231 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks.
+ item-232 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy
+ item-233 at level 3: text: All ducks belong to the biologic ... ationships between various species.[9]
+ item-234 at level 3: picture
+ item-234 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach
+ item-235 at level 3: text: In most modern classifications, ... all size and stiff, upright tails.[14]
+ item-236 at level 3: text: A number of other species called ... shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.[15]
+ item-237 at level 2: section_header: Morphology
+ item-238 at level 3: picture
+ item-238 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck
+ item-239 at level 3: text: The overall body plan of ducks i ... is moult typically precedes migration.
+ item-240 at level 3: text: The drakes of northern species o ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape.
+ item-241 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat
+ item-242 at level 3: picture
+ item-242 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
+ item-243 at level 3: text: Ducks have a cosmopolitan distri ... endemic to such far-flung islands.[21]
+ item-244 at level 3: picture
+ item-244 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
+ item-245 at level 3: text: Some duck species, mainly those ... t form after localised heavy rain.[23]
+ item-246 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour
+ item-247 at level 3: section_header: Feeding
+ item-248 at level 4: picture
+ item-248 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill
+ item-249 at level 4: picture
+ item-249 at level 5: caption: Mallard duckling preening
+ item-250 at level 4: text: Ducks eat food sources such as g ... amphibians, worms, and small molluscs.
+ item-251 at level 4: text: Dabbling ducks feed on the surfa ... thers and to hold slippery food items.
+ item-252 at level 4: text: Diving ducks and sea ducks forag ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly.
+ item-253 at level 4: text: A few specialized species such a ... apted to catch and swallow large fish.
+ item-254 at level 4: text: The others have the characterist ... e nostrils come out through hard horn.
+ item-255 at level 4: text: The Guardian published an articl ... the ducks and pollutes waterways.[25]
+ item-256 at level 3: section_header: Breeding
+ item-257 at level 4: picture
+ item-257 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling
+ item-258 at level 4: text: Ducks generally only have one pa ... st and led her ducklings to water.[28]
+ item-259 at level 3: section_header: Communication
+ item-260 at level 4: text: Female mallard ducks (as well as ... laying calls or quieter contact calls.
+ item-261 at level 4: text: A common urban legend claims tha ... annel television show MythBusters.[32]
+ item-262 at level 3: section_header: Predators
+ item-263 at level 4: picture
+ item-263 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal
+ item-264 at level 4: text: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... or large birds, such as hawks or owls.
+ item-265 at level 4: text: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... its speed and strength to catch ducks.
+ item-266 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans
+ item-267 at level 3: section_header: Hunting
+ item-268 at level 4: text: Humans have hunted ducks since p ... evidence of this is uncommon.[35][42]
+ item-269 at level 4: text: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... inated by pollutants such as PCBs.[44]
+ item-270 at level 3: section_header: Domestication
+ item-271 at level 4: picture
+ item-271 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
+ item-272 at level 4: text: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).[48]
+ item-273 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry
+ item-274 at level 4: picture
+ item-274 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
+ item-275 at level 4: text: Ducks appear on several coats of ... the coat of arms of Föglö (Åland).[51]
+ item-276 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references
+ item-277 at level 4: text: In 2002, psychologist Richard Wi ... 54] and was made into a movie in 1986.
+ item-278 at level 4: text: The 1992 Disney film The Mighty ... Ducks minor league baseball team.[55]
+ item-279 at level 2: section_header: See also
+ item-280 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-281 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal
+ item-282 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-283 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck
+ item-284 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food
+ item-285 at level 4: list_item: Duck test
+ item-286 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds
+ item-287 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks
+ item-288 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck
+ item-289 at level 2: section_header: Notes
+ item-290 at level 3: section_header: Citations
+ item-291 at level 4: ordered_list: group ordered list
+ item-292 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". The American Herit ... n Company. 2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
+ item-293 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Duckling". Kernerman English ... Ltd. 2000–2006. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
+ item-294 at level 5: list_item: ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). ... University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139.
+ item-295 at level 5: list_item: ^ Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (20 ... Publishing Group. ISBN 9780823961566.
+ item-296 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d Carboneras 1992, p. 536.
+ item-297 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livezey 1986, pp. 737–738.
+ item-298 at level 5: list_item: ^ Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988, p. 452.
+ item-299 at level 5: list_item: ^ Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002, pp. 353–354.
+ item-300 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f Carboneras 1992, p. 540.
+ item-301 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 191.
+ item-302 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 448.
+ item-303 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 622–623.
+ item-304 at level 5: list_item: ^ Kear 2005, p. 686.
+ item-305 at level 5: list_item: ^ Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001, p. 193.
+ item-306 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b c d e f g Carboneras 1992, p. 537.
+ item-307 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998, p. xix.
+ item-308 at level 5: list_item: ^ American Ornithologists' Union 1998.
+ item-309 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carboneras 1992, p. 538.
+ item-310 at level 5: list_item: ^ Christidis & Boles 2008, p. 62.
+ item-311 at level 5: list_item: ^ Shirihai 2008, pp. 239, 245.
+ item-312 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987, pp. 98–107.
+ item-313 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, pp. 52–3.
+ item-314 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Pacific Black Duck". www.wiresnr.org. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
+ item-315 at level 5: list_item: ^ Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Ducks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
+ item-316 at level 5: list_item: ^ Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015) ... Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
+ item-317 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mi ... 4615-6787-5_4. ISBN 978-1-4615-6789-9.
+ item-318 at level 5: list_item: ^ Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; ... 093/condor/102.1.201. hdl:10315/13797.
+ item-319 at level 5: list_item: ^ "If You Find An Orphaned Duckl ... l on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
+ item-320 at level 5: list_item: ^ Carver, Heather (2011). The Du ... 9780557901562.[self-published source]
+ item-321 at level 5: list_item: ^ Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). Bir ... man & Littlefield. ISBN 9780762797707.
+ item-322 at level 5: list_item: ^ Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). " ... kers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
+ item-323 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Mythbusters Episode 8". 12 December 2003.
+ item-324 at level 5: list_item: ^ Erlandson 1994, p. 171.
+ item-325 at level 5: list_item: ^ Jeffries 2008, pp. 168, 243.
+ item-326 at level 5: list_item: ^ a b Sued-Badillo 2003, p. 65.
+ item-327 at level 5: list_item: ^ Thorpe 1996, p. 68.
+ item-328 at level 5: list_item: ^ Maisels 1999, p. 42.
+ item-329 at level 5: list_item: ^ Rau 1876, p. 133.
+ item-330 at level 5: list_item: ^ Higman 2012, p. 23.
+ item-331 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 53.
+ item-332 at level 5: list_item: ^ Hume 2012, p. 52.
+ item-333 at level 5: list_item: ^ Fieldhouse 2002, p. 167.
+ item-334 at level 5: list_item: ^ Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01) ... Editions, Limited. ISBN 9781853263774.
+ item-335 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Study plan for waterfowl inju ... on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
+ item-336 at level 5: list_item: ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-10-25.
+ item-337 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic ... . Digimorph.org. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
+ item-338 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sy Montgomery. "Mallard; Encyc ... Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
+ item-339 at level 5: list_item: ^ Glenday, Craig (2014). Guinnes ... ited. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9.
+ item-340 at level 5: list_item: ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in F ... tto. 1982. p. 147. ISBN 951-773-085-3.
+ item-341 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Lubānas simbolika" (in Latvian). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
+ item-342 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Föglö" (in Swedish). Retrieved September 9, 2021.
+ item-343 at level 5: list_item: ^ Young, Emma. "World's funniest ... w Scientist. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
+ item-344 at level 5: list_item: ^ "Howard the Duck (character)". Grand Comics Database.
+ item-345 at level 5: list_item: ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Lau ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck.
+ item-346 at level 5: list_item: ^ "The Duck". University of Oregon Athletics. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
+ item-347 at level 3: section_header: Sources
+ item-348 at level 4: list: group list
+ item-349 at level 5: list_item: American Ornithologists' Union ( ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
+ item-350 at level 5: list_item: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8.
+ item-351 at level 5: list_item: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E ... ro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
+ item-352 at level 5: list_item: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... /S1055-7903(02)00019-2. PMID 12099792.
+ item-353 at level 5: list_item: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-6250-4.
+ item-354 at level 5: list_item: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). Early ... usiness Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-3231-0.
+ item-355 at level 5: list_item: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). Food, F ... ara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4.
+ item-356 at level 5: list_item: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5.
+ item-357 at level 5: list_item: Higman, B. W. (2012). How Food M ... Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8947-7.
+ item-358 at level 5: list_item: Hume, Julian H. (2012). Extinct ... istopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5.
+ item-359 at level 5: list_item: Jeffries, Richard (2008). Holoce ... Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1658-7.
+ item-360 at level 5: list_item: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861009-0.
+ item-361 at level 5: list_item: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 198 ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
+ item-362 at level 5: list_item: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P ... (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
+ item-363 at level 5: list_item: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). E ... on: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-10975-8.
+ item-364 at level 5: list_item: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phill ... University Press. ISBN 0-691-02399-9.
+ item-365 at level 5: list_item: Rau, Charles (1876). Early Man i ... ork: Harper & Brothers. LCCN 05040168.
+ item-366 at level 5: list_item: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). A Comp ... versity Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13666-0.
+ item-367 at level 5: list_item: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). Auto ... Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103832-7.
+ item-368 at level 5: list_item: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). The Origin ... rk: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08009-5.
+ item-369 at level 2: section_header: External links
+ item-370 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-371 at level 4: list_item: Definitions from Wiktionary
+ item-372 at level 4: list_item: Media from Commons
+ item-373 at level 4: list_item: Quotations from Wikiquote
+ item-374 at level 4: list_item: Recipes from Wikibooks
+ item-375 at level 4: list_item: Taxa from Wikispecies
+ item-376 at level 4: list_item: Data from Wikidata
+ item-377 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-378 at level 4: list_item: list of books (useful looking abstracts)
+ item-379 at level 4: list_item: Ducks on postage stamps Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
+ item-380 at level 4: list_item: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hine ... uide to identification of US waterfowl
+ item-381 at level 3: table with [3x2]
+ item-382 at level 3: picture
+ item-383 at level 3: text: Retrieved from ""
+ item-384 at level 3: text: :
+ item-385 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-386 at level 4: list_item: Ducks
+ item-387 at level 4: list_item: Game birds
+ item-388 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names
+ item-389 at level 3: text: Hidden categories:
+ item-390 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-391 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes
+ item-392 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020
+ item-393 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
+ item-394 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)
+ item-395 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)
+ item-396 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description
+ item-397 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata
+ item-398 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
+ item-399 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
+ item-400 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats
+ item-401 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text
+ item-402 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text
+ item-403 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text
+ item-404 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text
+ item-405 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text
+ item-406 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
+ item-407 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources
+ item-408 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020
+ item-409 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements
+ item-410 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022
+ item-411 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value
+ item-412 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch
+ item-413 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
+ item-414 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links
+ item-415 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links
+ item-416 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips
+ item-417 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-418 at level 4: list_item: This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 12:11 (UTC).
+ item-419 at level 4: list_item: Text is available under the Crea ... tion, Inc., a non-profit organization.
+ item-420 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-421 at level 4: list_item: Privacy policy
+ item-422 at level 4: list_item: About Wikipedia
+ item-423 at level 4: list_item: Disclaimers
+ item-424 at level 4: list_item: Contact Wikipedia
+ item-425 at level 4: list_item: Code of Conduct
+ item-426 at level 4: list_item: Developers
+ item-427 at level 4: list_item: Statistics
+ item-428 at level 4: list_item: Cookie statement
+ item-429 at level 4: list_item: Mobile view
+ item-430 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-431 at level 3: list: group list
+ item-432 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
+ item-433 at level 1: caption: Male mallard.
+ item-434 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks.
+ item-435 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach
+ item-436 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck
+ item-437 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia, Argentina
+ item-438 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall, England
+ item-439 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill
+ item-440 at level 1: caption: Mallard duckling preening
+ item-441 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling
+ item-442 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal
+ item-443 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks, a common breed of domestic ducks
+ item-444 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka[49]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json
index 388e0ce..1e5afdf 100644
--- a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json
+++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.json
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/22"
}
],
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"label": "section"
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@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/42"
}
],
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
},
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/24"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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"$ref": "#/texts/25"
},
"children": [],
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"$ref": "#/texts/26"
},
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},
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/27"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"name": "list",
"label": "list"
},
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/32"
}
],
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/29"
},
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"$ref": "#/texts/30"
},
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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"$ref": "#/texts/31"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
},
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/32"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
},
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/37"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/34"
},
"children": [],
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/35"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/36"
},
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
},
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/37"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
},
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/38"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
},
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/41"
}
],
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"label": "list"
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@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/40"
},
"children": [],
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/41"
},
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+ "content_layer": "body",
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@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
"$ref": "#/texts/42"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"label": "list"
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@@ -1927,7 +1927,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/9"
}
],
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+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "section_header",
"prov": [],
"orig": "Contents",
@@ -1940,7 +1940,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/9"
},
"children": [],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "(Top)",
@@ -1958,7 +1958,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/10"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"orig": "1 Etymology",
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/11"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"prov": [],
"orig": "2 Taxonomy",
@@ -1994,7 +1994,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/12"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"orig": "3 Morphology",
@@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/13"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"orig": "4 Distribution and habitat",
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/14"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
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"orig": "5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection",
@@ -2048,7 +2048,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/15"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
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"prov": [],
"orig": "5.1 Feeding",
@@ -2066,7 +2066,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/16"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "5.2 Breeding",
@@ -2084,7 +2084,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/17"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "5.3 Communication",
@@ -2102,7 +2102,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/18"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "5.4 Predators",
@@ -2120,7 +2120,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/19"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection",
@@ -2138,7 +2138,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/20"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "6.1 Hunting",
@@ -2156,7 +2156,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/21"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "6.2 Domestication",
@@ -2174,7 +2174,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/22"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "6.3 Heraldry",
@@ -2192,7 +2192,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/23"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "6.4 Cultural references",
@@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/24"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "7 See also",
@@ -2228,7 +2228,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/25"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection",
@@ -2246,7 +2246,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/26"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "8.1 Citations",
@@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/27"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "8.2 Sources",
@@ -2282,7 +2282,7 @@
"$ref": "#/groups/28"
}
],
- "content_layer": "furniture",
+ "content_layer": "body",
"label": "list_item",
"prov": [],
"orig": "9 External links",
diff --git a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md
index d43d777..9467bc4 100644
--- a/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md
+++ b/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.md
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+## Contents
+
+- (Top)
+- 1 Etymology
+- 2 Taxonomy
+- 3 Morphology
+- 4 Distribution and habitat
+- 5 Behaviour Toggle Behaviour subsection
+ - 5.1 Feeding
+ - 5.2 Breeding
+ - 5.3 Communication
+ - 5.4 Predators
+- 6 Relationship with humans Toggle Relationship with humans subsection
+ - 6.1 Hunting
+ - 6.2 Domestication
+ - 6.3 Heraldry
+ - 6.4 Cultural references
+- 7 See also
+- 8 Notes Toggle Notes subsection
+ - 8.1 Citations
+ - 8.2 Sources
+- 9 External links
+
# Duck
- Acèh
diff --git a/tests/data/md/mixed_without_h1.md b/tests/data/md/mixed_without_h1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efc85a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/md/mixed_without_h1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Content before first heading
+
+## Some heading
+
+
+
+- A. first
+ - subitem
+- B. second
+- 2. strange
+
+The end!
diff --git a/tests/test_backend_html.py b/tests/test_backend_html.py
index 01795f6..5f5e740 100644
--- a/tests/test_backend_html.py
+++ b/tests/test_backend_html.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def test_e2e_html_conversions():
max_text_len=70, explicit_tables=False
)
assert verify_export(
- pred_itxt, str(gt_path) + ".itxt"
+ pred_itxt, str(gt_path) + ".itxt", generate=GENERATE
), "export to indented-text"
assert verify_document(doc, str(gt_path) + ".json", GENERATE)